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Effect of growing media and their constituents on fungus gnat, Bradysia sp, nr, coprophila （Lintner） adults

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 467-475页

作者： raymond A. cloyd AMY DICKINSON RICHARD A. LARSON KAREN A. MARLEY Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas Division of Biodiversity and Ecological Entomology Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign Illinois University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Urbana Illinois USA

This study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of two growing media, commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila adults. The constituents of the most attractive growing medium tested were determined by gas chromatography analysis using a steam-distillation procedure. We found that fungus gnat adults were more attracted to the growing medium, SB300 Universal Professional Growing Mix, which contains composted bark, than to another growing medium （Sunshine LC1 Mix） and their components when tested in a series of laboratory experiments using multiple-choice experimental arenas. A higher percentage of fungus gnat adults were attracted to moist SB300 （92%） than SB300 growing medium that had been oven dried （8%）. In addition, fungus gnat adults preferred SB300 although they had been reared on Sunshine LC1 Mix. When comparing the SB300 fresh from the bag to growing medium that had been pasteurized and moistened with water, gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic data showed there were declines in several terpenoid constituents as well as an increase in fatty acids and cyclosulfur. The results of this study indicate that B. sp. nr. coprophila adults prefer certain growing media, which may assist greenhouse producers in managing fungus gnats in crop production systems.

关键词： Attraction fungus gnats growing medium pest management preference,steam distillation

Effects of Predators on the Belowground Life Stages (Prepupae and Pupae) of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis(Thripidae: Thysanoptera): A Review

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Advances in Entomology 2019年第4期7卷 71-80页

作者： raymond A. cloyd Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a major cosmopolitan insect pest causing direct and indirect damage to greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. The primary way of managing western flower thrips populations is by routinely applying insecticides, which target the aboveground life stages: larvae and adult. However, insecticides are minimally effective against the pupal stages (prepupae and pupae) that reside in the growing medium or soil. Therefore, soil-dwelling biological control agents including: predatory mites [Stratiolaelaps scimitus and Hypoaspis = (Geolaelaps) aculeifer], and a rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria may be a viable option to induce mortality on the pupal stages. These predators will feed on the pupal stages of the western flower thrips and can provide mortality on a life stage that is tolerant of insecticide applications. However, these biological control agents need to be used in conjunction with other plant protection strategies, such as insecticides and/or biological control agents that target the aboveground life stages (larvae and adult) to effectively manage western flower thrips populations in greenhouse production systems.

关键词： Predatory Mites Rove Beetle Growing Medium Biological Control Predation

Ecology and Role of the Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria, and Insidious Flower Bug, Orius insidiosus, in Greenhouse Biological Control Programs

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Advances in Entomology 2017年第4期5卷 115-126页

作者： raymond A. cloyd Nathan J. Herrick Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Greenhouse production systems typically involve growing multiple crop types simultaneously, including ornamentals and vegetables. Therefore, greenhouse producers commonly deal with multiple pest complexes. Two important insect pests of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops are fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). A plant protection strategy that can be used to manage both pests is biological control. The rove beetle (Dalotia coriaria) and insidious flower bug (Orius insidiosus) are generalist predators commercially available for use in greenhouse production systems targeting fungus gnats and the western flower thrips. This article describes the biology, behavior, ecology, and role of both natural enemies in greenhouse production systems, and discusses the direct and indirect effects of pesticides (insecticides, miticides, and fungicides) on D. coriaria and O. inisidiosus.

关键词： Natural Enemies Predation Pesticides Biological Control Western Flower Thrips Fungus Gnat

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绿色花卉产业应重视杀真菌剂对天敌的影响

中国花卉园艺 2007年第21期 46-46页

作者： raymond cloyd 林子

以前经常有文章报道杀虫剂和杀螨剂对自然天敌的危害，因为天敌对这些药剂的敏感性比害虫更强，所以可用生物性农药或天敌来对害虫进行控制。但是，温室花卉生产中按期施用的用来杀死土壤内外真菌病原的杀菌剂对自然界中天敌的影响又如... 详细信息

以前经常有文章报道杀虫剂和杀螨剂对自然天敌的危害，因为天敌对这些药剂的敏感性比害虫更强，所以可用生物性农药或天敌来对害虫进行控制。但是，温室花卉生产中按期施用的用来杀死土壤内外真菌病原的杀菌剂对自然界中天敌的影响又如何呢？下面就该问题做一简单阐述。

关键词：自然天敌杀真菌剂花卉产业生物性农药花卉生产杀螨剂杀虫剂敏感性