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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 793-795页

作者： ravi v.mural James C.Schnable University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNEUSA

The grasses,Poaceae,are an extraordinarily ecologically success-ful clade,with more than 10000 described extant *** grasses include more than 30 domesticated grain crops,ranging from maize(Zea mays),rice(Oryza sativa),and wheat(Triticum aes-tivum),which are collectively responsible for 50%of all calories consumed by humans around the world,to minor and orphan crops such as teff(Eragrostis tef),pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum),proso millet(Panicum milaceum),and Job's tears(Coix lacryma-jobi)(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).Domestication of grain crops from their wild relatives involved a common suite of phenotypic changes,including loss of seed shattering,loss of dormancy,and increased apical dominance,which are collectively referred to as"domestication syndrome"(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).

关键词： sativa crops collective

Unsupervised intrusion detection system for in-vehicle communication networks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan N vinayakumar ravi v Sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and Networking(CEN) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-vehicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAN)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAN is prone to several network level attacks because of its lack in security *** methods have been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsupervised method of intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCM).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensive experiment and achieved an accuracy of 75.51%with the ML35o in-vehicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WNS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UNSW_NB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Overall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and avoids labeled datasets when training an in-vehicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on various intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectively deployed in real time to monitor CAN traffic in vehicles and proactively alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsupervised learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

Deep Learning-Based Classification of Rotten Fruits and Identification of Shelf Life

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 781-794页

作者： S.Sofana Reka Ankita Bagelikar Prakash venugopal v.ravi Harimurugan Devarajan Centre for Smart Grid Technologies School of Electronics EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India Department of Electrical Engineering Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab144008India

The freshness of fruits is considered to be one of the essential characteristics for consumers in determining their quality,flavor and nutritional *** primary need for identifying rotten fruits is to ensure that only fresh and high-quality fruits are sold to *** impact of rotten fruits can foster harmful bacteria,molds and other microorganisms that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses to the *** overall purpose of the study is to classify rotten fruits,which can affect the taste,texture,and appearance of other fresh fruits,thereby reducing their shelf *** agriculture and food industries are increasingly adopting computer vision technology to detect rotten fruits and forecast their shelf ***,this research work mainly focuses on the Convolutional Neural Network’s(CNN)deep learning model,which helps in the classification of rotten *** proposed methodology involves real-time analysis of a dataset of various types of fruits,including apples,bananas,oranges,papayas and ***,machine learningmodels such as GaussianNaïve Bayes(GNB)and random forest are used to predict the fruit’s shelf *** results obtained from the various pre-trained models for rotten fruit detection are analysed based on an accuracy score to determine the best *** comparison to other pre-trained models,the visual geometry group16(vGG16)obtained a higher accuracy score of 95%.Likewise,the random forest model delivers a better accuracy score of 88% when compared with GNB in forecasting the fruit’s shelf *** developing an accurate classification model,only fresh and safe fruits reach consumers,reducing the risks associated with contaminated ***,the proposed approach will have a significant impact on the food industry for efficient fruit distribution and also benefit customers to purchase fresh fruits.

关键词： Rotten fruit detection shelf life deep learning convolutional neural network machine learning gaussian naïve bayes random forest visual geometry group16

A Two-stage Kalman Filter for Cyber-attack Detection in Automatic Generation Control System

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第1期10卷 50-59页

作者： Ayyarao S.L.v.Tummala ravi Kiran Inapakurthi GMR Institute of Technology RajamSrikakulamAndhra PradeshIndia Raghu Engineering College DakamarriVisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia

Communication plays a vital role in incorporating smartness into the interconnected power ***,historical records prove that the data transfer has always been vulnerable to *** these cyber-attacks are identified and cordoned off,they may lead to black-out and result in national security *** paper proposes an optimal two-stage Kalman filter(OTS-KF)for simultaneous state and cyber-attack estimation in automatic generation control(AGC)***/cyber-attacks are modeled as unknown inputs in the AGC *** types of cyber-attacks,i.e.,false data injection(FDI),data replay attack,denial of service(DoS),scaling,and ramp attacks,are injected into the measurements and estimated using *** the load variations of each area are seldom available,OTS-KF is reformulated to estimate the states and outliers along with the load variations of the *** proposed technique is validated on the benchmark two-area,three-area,and five-area power system *** simulation results under various test conditions demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed filter.

关键词： Cyber-security automatic generation control(AGC) load frequency control false data injection cyber-attack detection

Effect of Surfactants on the Thermoelectric Performance of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 274-280页

作者： Zakaria Saadi Simon G.King Jose v.Anguita vlad Stolojan S.ravi P.Silva Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK

Thermoelectrics are a promising solution to the recovery of some of the 60%of the worldwide energy wasted as ***,their conversion efficiency is low and the best performing materials are brittle,toxic,and made of expensive *** challenge in developing better performing materials is in disrupting the electrical vs thermal conductivity correlation,to achieve low thermal conductivity simultaneously with a high electrical *** nanotubes allow for the decoupling of the electronic density of states from the phonon density of states and this paper shows that flexible,thin films of double-walled carbon nanotube(DWCNT)can form effective n-and p-doped semiconductors that can achieve a combined Seebeck coefficient of 157.6µv K^(−1),the highest reported for a single DWCNT device to *** is achieved through selected surfactant doping,whose role is correlated with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the hydrophobic tail group of the surfactant’s *** functionalized with Triton X-405 show the highest output power consisting of a single junction of p-and n-type thermoelectric elements,reaching as high as 67 nW for a 45 K temperature *** enabling flexible,cheaper,and more efficient thermoelectric generators through the use of functionalized CNTs.

关键词： carbon nanotubes DWCNT functionalization surfactant thermoelectric

Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Regulator Design for Nonlinear and Unstable Systems Using Negative Absolute Eigenvalue Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 482-493页

作者： ravi v.Gandhi Dipak M.Adhyaru Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)GandhinagarGandhinagar 382355India Department of Instrumentation&Control Engineering Institute of TechnologyNirma UniversityAhmedabad-382481India

This paper introduces a Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator design using the negative absolute eigenvalue(NAE)approach for a class of nonlinear and unstable *** open-loop system is initially embodied by the traditional T-S fuzzy model and then,all closed-loop subsystems are combined using the proposed Max-Min operator in place of traditional weighted average operator from the controller side to lessen the coupling virtually and simplify the proposed regulator *** each virtually decoupled closed-loop subsystem,the composite regulators(i.e.,primary and secondary regulators)are designed by the NAE approach based on the enhanced eigenvalue *** Lyapunov function is utilized to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the overall T-S fuzzy control *** most popular and widely used nonlinear and unstable systems like the electromagnetic levitation system(EMLS)and the inverted cart pendulum(ICP)are simulated for the wide range of the initial conditions and the enormous variation in the *** transient and steady-state performance of the considered systems using the proposed design are analyzed in terms of the decay rate,settling time and integral errors as IAE,ISE,ITAE,and ITSE to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the most popular and traditional parallel distributed compensation(PDC)approach.

关键词： Eigenvalue approach nonlinear and unstable systems stability analysis Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator

DeNOx Study in Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Barrier Discharge Corona Assisted by v_2O_5/TiO_2 Catalyst

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第4期6卷 2411-2415页

作者： B.S.Rajanikanth v.ravi Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012IndiaIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India

A plasma-assisted catalytic reactor was used to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx)from diesel engine exhaust operated under different load conditions. Initial studies were focused onplasma reactor (a dielectric barrier discharge reactor) treatment of diesel exhaust at varioustemperatures. The nitric oxide (NO) removal efficiency was lowered when high temperature exhaust wastreated using plasma reactor. Also, NO removal efficiency decreased when 45% load exhaust wastreated. Studies were then made with plasma reactor combined with a catalytic reactor consisting ofa selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, v_2O_5/TiO_2. Ammonia was used as a reducing agentfor SCR process in a ratio of 1:1 to NOx. The studies were focused on temperatures of the SCRcatalytic reactor below 200℃. The plasma-assisted catalytic reactor was operated well to remove NOxunder no-load and load conditions. For an energy input of 96 J/l, the NOx removal efficienciesobtained under no-load and load conditions were 90% and 72% respectively at an exhaust temperatureof 100 ℃.

关键词： non-thermal plasma DeNOx barrier discharge diesel exhaust

Effect of Notch Location on Fatigue Life Prediction of Strength Mismatched HSLA Steel Weldments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第2期20卷 129-135页

作者： S.ravi v.Balasubramanian S.Nemat Nasser Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar-608 002. Tamil Nadu IndiaDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar-608 002. Tamil Nadu IndiaCentre of Excellence for Advanced Materials University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0416 USA

Welding of high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) involves usage of low, even and high strength filler materials (electrodes) than the parent material depending on the application of the welded structures and the availability of the filler material. In the present investigation, the fatigue crack growth behaviour of weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) regions of under matched (UM), equal matched (EM) and over matched (OM) joints has been studied. The base material used in this investigation is HSLA-80 steel of weldable grade. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process has been used to fabricate the butt joints. Centre cracked tension (CCT) specimen has been used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the welded joints. Fatigue crack growth experiments have been conducted using servo hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine at constant amplitude loading (R=0).A method has been proposed to predict the fatigue life of HSLA steel welds using fracture mechanics approach by incorporating influences of mismatch ratio (MMR) and notch location.

关键词： Shielded metal arc welding High strength low alloy steel Mismatch ratio Notch location Fatigue crack growth Fatigue life

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosis confers survival advantage irrespective of tumour stage and characteristics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 1996-2007页

作者： Moath Alarabiyat Syed Soulat Raza John Isaac Darius Mirza ravi Marudanayagam Keith Roberts Manuel Abradelo David C Bartlett Bobby v Dasari Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias HPB and Liver Transplant Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC)represents 50%-60%of gallbladder cancer *** are conflicting on the role of IGBC diagnosis in oncological *** studies suggest that IGBC diagnosis does not affect outcomes,while others that overall survival(OS)is longer in these cases compared to non-incidental diagnosis(NIGBC).Furthermore,some studies reported early tumour stages and histopathologic characteristics as possible confounders,while others *** To investigate the role of IGBC diagnosis on patients’overall survival,especially after surgical treatment with curative *** Retrospective analysis of all patient referrals with gallbladder cancer between 2008 and 2020 in a tertiary hepatobiliary *** comparison of patient and tumour characteristics between IGBC and NIGBC subgroups was *** analysis for the whole cohort,surgical and non-surgical subgroups was done with the Kaplan-Meier method and the use of log rank *** analysis was performed with univariable and multivariable Cox regression *** The cohort included 261 patients with gallbladder cancer.65%of cases had NIGBC and 35%had IGBC.A total of 90 patients received surgical treatment(66%of IGBC cases and 19%of NIGBC cases).NIGBC patients had more advanced T stage and required more extensive resections than IGBC *** was longer in patients with IGBC in the whole cohort(29 vs 4 mo,Pvs 2 mo,Pvs 16.5 mo,P=0.001).Disease free survival(DFS)after surgery was longer in patients with IGBC(21.5 mo vs 8.5 mo,P=0.007).N stage and resection margin status were identified as independent predictors of OS and *** diagnosis was identified as an independent predictor of *** IGBC diagnosis may confer a survival advantage independently of the pathological stage and tumour *** studies are required to further investigate this,including detailed

关键词： Gallbladder cancer Incidental gallbladder cancer Non-incidental gallbladder cancer Gallbladder cancer survival

Plasma Discharge Initiation of Explosives in Rock Blasting Application:A Case Study

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第4期8卷 443-446页

作者： Jae-OuCHAE Young-JunJEONG v.M.SHMELEv A.A.DENICAEv v.M.POUTCHKOv v.ravi Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

A plasma discharge initiation system for the explosive volumetric combustion charge was designed, investigated and developed for practical application. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out before conducting the large scale field tests. The resultant explosions gave rise to less noise, insignificant seismic vibrations and good specific explosive consumption for rock blasting. Importantly, the technique was found to be safe and environmentally friendly.

关键词： plasma discharge combustion exploding wire and rock blasting