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Female competition for availability of males in insects:the Nezara viridula(Linnaeus,1758)model

Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 801-814页

作者： Andrej Cokl Alenka Zunic Kosi raul alberto laumann Meta Virant-Doberlet Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research National Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSI-1000Slovenia Semiochemicals Laboratory Embrapa Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrasiliaDF 71070Brazil

Multimodal communication in solitary stinkbugs enables them to meet,mate and *** plant-dwelling species exchange information during the calling phase of mating behavior using substrate-borne vibratory signals.A female-biased gender ratio induces rivalry and competition for a sexual *** competition for males,first described among Heteroptera in three stinkbug species,revealed species specific differences and opened the question of plasticity in individually emitted temporal and frequency signal characteristics during calling and rival *** address this question and gain an insight into the mechanisms underlying stinkbug female rivalry,we compared the characteristics of alternated signals in the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula(Linnaeus,1758)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae).Compared to male rivalry,female rivalry is more complex,lasts longer and runs through successive phases by a combination of different song *** male pheromone triggers alternation between females,producing song pulses that occasionally overlap each *** female initiates the rivalry by changing individual pulses into pulse trains of three different *** competing female alternates with pulses of changed temporal characteristics at lower levels of rivalry and by varying the frequency characteristics of pulse trains at higher *** female rivalry,the male either stops responding or occasionally emits calling and courtship signals in response to the female that has produced signals of steady temporal *** rivalry shows complex and species specific patterns of information exchange at different levels with a broad-range variation of temporal and frequency characteristics of,until now,unidentified vibratory emissions.

关键词： biotremology female social conflict Nezara viridula rivalry signal discrimination

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中国衣原体感染的人群调查研究：一种隐匿的流行

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2004年第2期23卷 66-69页

作者： WilliamL.Parish EdwardO.laumann MyronS.Cohen SuimingPan HeyiZheng IrvingHoffman TianfuWang KwaiHangNg 郑和义 PopulationResearchCenter NationalOpinionResearchCenter（NORC）／UniversityofChicagoChicago111 DivisionofInfectiousDiseases UniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHill SociologyofSexualityInstitute RenminUn.iversityBeijingChina Dermatology／VenerologyDivision PekingUnionMedicalCollegeBeijingChina 不详

背景：性传播疾病在中国快速增长，监测数据不能完全反映目前的流行状况和危险因素。目的：评估生殖器衣原体和淋球菌感染的流行率，通过人群分组和行为方式分析感染途径。设计、地点和对象：全国分层抽样中国人个体样本3426人(女性173... 详细信息

背景：性传播疾病在中国快速增长，监测数据不能完全反映目前的流行状况和危险因素。目的：评估生殖器衣原体和淋球菌感染的流行率，通过人群分组和行为方式分析感染途径。设计、地点和对象：全国分层抽样中国人个体样本3426人(女性1738人，男性1688人)，年龄20～64岁，于1999年8月至2000年8月完成计算机调查并提供尿液标本(提供者占总数的69％-)。主要测试指标：衣原体和淋球菌感染阳性试验结果。结果：每100人口衣原体感染率在女性是2．6(95%可信区间[CI]，1．6～4．1)，在男性是2．1(95％CI，1．3～3．3)；淋球菌感染率在女性是0．08(95％CI，0．02～0．4)，在男性是0．02(95％CI，0．005～0．1)。20—44岁男性感染衣原体的危险因素是与商业性工作者发生无保护性行为(优势比[OR]，8．24；95％CI，3．51～19．35)，受教育程度低(OR，7．20；95％CI，2．31～22．37)，近期与配偶或其他固定性伴侣有性行为(OR，7．73；95％CI，2．70—22．10)；20～44岁女性感染衣原体的危险因素是受教育程度低(OR，2．28；95％CI，1．01～7．91)，生活在城市(OR，3．46，95％CI，1．67—7．18)或南部沿海城市(OR，2．16，95％，CI，1．29～3．63)，配偶或其他固定性伴侣的经济收入高(OR，2．85；95％CI，1．11～7．29)或社会活动多(OR，2．79；95N，CI，1．08～7．19)或每年外出少于1周(OR，5．40；95N，CI，1．44～20．3)。结论：衣原体感染的流行在中国是实际存在的，感染的方式提示了进行干预的可能途径。

关键词：衣原体感染中国人群公共卫生性传播疾病流行特点

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