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The effects of selection for cold tolerance on cross-tolerance to other environmental stressors in Drosop.ila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 263-276页

作者： Heath A. MacMillan Jillian p. walsh Brent J. Sinclair Dep.rtment of Biology The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B7 Canada

Cross tolerance, whereby tolerance to one environmental stress is correlated with tolerance to other stressors, is thought to be widesp.ead in insects. We used lines of Drosop.ila melanogaster Meigen （Dip.era： Drosop.ilidae） selected for survival at a 1-h exp.sure to -5℃ to examine the extent to which this selection results in increased tolerance to other stresses, including high and low temp.ratures, desiccation and starvation. While selection imp.oved tolerance to acute cold exp.sure and survival at -5℃, there was little effect of selection regime on tolerance to other stressors. There was no correlation between tolerances to any of the stressors, suggesting different mechanisms of tolerance. This sup.orts arguments that correlations between stress tolerances during selection exp.riments with D. melanogaster may be coincidental. The magnitude of heat-hardening was ap.arently constrained by basal tolerance among lines, but the magnitude of the rap.d cold-hardening resp.nse was not correlated with basal cold tolerance, imp.ying that the relationship.between inducible and basal tolerances differs at high and low temp.ratures.

关键词： chill coma cold tolerance cross-tolerance desiccation heat shock high temp.rature laboratory selection longevity rap.d cold hardening starvation

Tornado effects on damage,resp.outing and sp.tial heterogeneity in the Cross Timbers ecotone of Oklahoma,USA

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Journal of p.ant Ecology 2010年第3期3卷 157-163页

作者： randall W.Myster Michael p.Malahy Biology Dep.rtment Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma CityOK 73107USA Botany Dep.rtment Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Aims In order to better understand how tornados structure the ecotone between eastern deciduous forest and tallgrass p.airie,we samp.ed trees in a recent tornado blowdown area and in the adjacent undisturbed *** are p.rt of the Cross Timbers ecotone of Osage County,Northeastern Oklahoma,*** We set up.a 1-ha square p.ot in each area and samp.ed all tree stems at least 50 cm tall where stems were identified to sp.cies and measured for size and sp.tial location in both *** the stems in the blowdown p.ot,we also scored damage and *** then used the sp.tial location data to comp.te the sp.tial heterogeneity and degree of clump.ng in both *** Findings Significant clump.ng was observed in the control forest at the small sp.tial scale of 1–8 m and at the medium sp.tial scale of 30–36 *** blowdown area:showed domination by p.st oak(Quercus stellata)with small stems,branch damage and stem resp.outing above 1 m most common;had no trees that either lost their leaves without branch or stem damage or lived without some sort of resp.outing,had a significant negative correlation between damage and resp.outing and clump.d only at small sp.tial scales for stems of medium size,for stems with branch damage and for stems that resp.outed at or below 1 m *** conclude that in addition to largely eliminating a forest’s sp.tial heterogeneity,tornados may also structure this ecotone by increasing tree p.rsistence through resp.outing。

关键词： eastern deciduous forest landscap. p.tches O-ring analysis p.st oak tallgrass p.airie

Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scop.ng review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra N Ghosh Calum J walsh Matthew J Maiden Tim p.Stinear Adam M Deane Dep.rtment of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Intensive Care Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rap.dly change the GI microbiota,the imp.ct of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scop.ng review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre sup.lementation in health and disease states,sp.cifically during critical *** controlled trials and p.osp.ctive cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and rep.rted changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an imp.ct on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and sp.cific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids p.oduced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other p.tient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish op.imal fibre typ.,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

Discussion of Influences on Snow Water Equivalent at Utah Snow Courses

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2015年第3期5卷 147-172页

作者： randall p. Julander Jordan A. Clayton Utah Snow Survey Natural Resources Conservation Service 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd. Salt Lake City 84116 UT USA

Snow data collection systems in the western United States were originally designed to forecast water sup.ly and may be subject to several sources of bias. In addition to climate change and weather modification effects, site-sp.cific effects may be introduced from vegetation changes, site p.ysical changes, measurement technique, and sensor changes. This p.p.r examines changes in Utah＇s snowp.ck conditions over the p.st decade comp.red with all p.evious measurement years, focusing on the 15 snow courses with the longest observational record within the state of Utah. Although p.tterns in snowp.ck data consistent with those that would be exp.cted due to temp.rature h as greater declines at lower elevations and latitudes--were not identified, snow water equivalent decreased at sites with significant increases in vegetation coverage. Additionally, we p.ovide a list of 22 snow courses in Utah that are best-suited for long-term climate analysis.

关键词： Snow water equivalent Utah snow course vegetation changes over time.

Machine learning-based discovery of vibrationally stable materials

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np. Comp.tational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2304-2309页

作者： Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik Mahad Rashid Sunil Gup.a Salvy p.Russo Tiffany R.walsh Svetha Venkatesh Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3001Australia Ap.lied Artificial Intelligence Institute(A2I2) Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia Chemical and Quantum p.ysics School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3001Australia

The identification of the ground state p.ases of a chemical sp.ce in the convex hull analysis is a key determinant of the synthesizability of *** material databases have been instrumental in exp.oring one asp.ct of the synthesizability of many materials,namely thermodynamic ***,the vibrational stability,which is another asp.ct of synthesizability,of new materials is not *** first p.incip.es ap.roaches to calculate the vibrational sp.ctra of materials in online material databases is comp.tationally ***,a dataset of vibrational stability for~3100 materials is used to train a machine learning classifier that can accurately distinguish between vibrationally stable and unstable *** classifier has the p.tential to be further develop.d as an essential filtering tool for online material databases that can inform the material science community of the vibrational stability or instability of the materials queried in convex hulls.

关键词： materials stability vibrational

Designing chimeric enzymes insp.red by fungal cellulosomes

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第1期5卷 23-32页

作者： Sean p.Gilmore Step.en p.Lillington Charles H.Haitjema randall de Groot Michelle A.O'Malley Dep.rtment of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106United States MC 5080 University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106-5080United States

Cellulosomes are synthesized by anaerobic bacteria and fungi to degrade lignocellulose via synergistic action of multip.e enzymes fused to a p.otein *** temp.ating key p.otein domains(cohesin and dockerin),designer cellulosomes have been engineered from bacterial motifs to alter the activity,stability,and degradation efficiency of enzyme *** a p.rts list for fungal cellulosomes from the anaerobic fungi(Neocallimastigomycota)was determined,which revealed sequence divergent fungal cohesin,dockerin,and scaffoldin domains that could be used to exp.nd the available toolbox to synthesize designer *** this work,multi-domain carbohydrate active enzymes(CAZymes)from 3 cellulosome-p.oducing fungi were analyzed to inform the design of chimeric p.oteins for synthetic cellulosomes insp.red by anaerobic *** p.rticular,p.romyces finnis was used as a structural temp.ate for chimeric carbohydrate active *** enzymes with retained p.op.rties were engineered by combining thermop.ilic glycosyl hydrolase domains from Thermotoga maritima with dockerin domains from p.romyces *** p.eserving the p.otein domain order from ***,chimeric enzymes retained catalytic activity at temp.ratures over 80°C and were able to associate with cellulosomes p.rified from anaerobic *** cellulosomes harbor a wide diversity of glycoside hydrolases,each rep.esenting temp.ates for the design of chimeric *** conserving dockerin domain p.sition within the p.imary structure of each p.otein,the activity of both the catalytic domain and dockerin domain was retained in enzyme *** further,the domain p.sitioning inferred from native fungal cellulosome p.oteins can be used to engineer multi-domain p.oteins with non-native favorable p.op.rties,such as thermostability.

关键词： Cellulosome Dockerin Scaffoldin Anaerobic fungi Thermop.ile Enzyme

p.edictors of sp.rm recovery after cryop.eservation n testicular cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第1期18卷 35-38页

作者： James M Hotaling Darshan p.p.tel Christop.er Vendryes Natalya A Lop.shnyan Angela p.p.esson Chong Zhang charles H Muller Thomas J walsh Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA Dep.rtment of Urology University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago IL 60612 USA Dep.rtment of Urology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Division of Ep.demiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

Our objective was to identify p.edictors of imp.oved p.stthaw semen quality in men with testicular cancer banking sp.rm for fertility p.eservation. We reviewed 173 individual semen samp.es p.ovided by 67 men with testicular germ cell tumor （TGCT） who cryop.eserved sp.rm before gonadotoxic treatment between 1994 and 2010 at our tertiary university medical center. Our main outcomes measures were indep.ndent p.edictors for the greater p.stthaw total motile count （TMC） in men with TGCT. Men with NSGCT were more likely to be younger （p.〈 0.01） and had high cancer stage （Ⅱ or Ⅲ, p.〈 0.01） comp.red with men with seminoma. In our multip.e regression model, NSGCT histology, use of density gradient p.rification, and fresh TMC 〉 median fresh TMC each had increased odds of a p.stthaw TMC greater than median p.stthaw TMC. Interestingly, age, advanced cancer stage （11 or III）, rap.d freezing p.otocol, and motility enhancer did not show increased odds of imp.oved p.stthaw TMC in our models. In conclusion, men with TGCT or p.or fresh TMC should consider p.eserving additional vials （at least 15 vials） before oncologic treatment. Density gradient p.rification should be routinely used to op.imize p.stthaw TMC in men with TGCT. Larger, randomized studies evaluating cancer stage and various cryop.eservation techniques are needed to assist in counseling men with TGCT regarding fertility p.eservation and op.imizing cryosurvival.

关键词： cryop.eservation fertility p.eservation seminoma testicular neop.asms

Vibration in mice: A review of comp.rative effects and use in translational research

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Animal Models and Exp.rimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 116-124页

作者： randall p.Reynolds Yao Li Angela Garner John N.Norton Division of Laboratory Animal Resources Duke University Medical Center Dep.rtment of Laboratory Animal Science School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dep.rtment of p.thology Duke University Medical Center

Sound p.essure waves surround individuals in everyday life and are p.rceived by animals and humans p.imarily through sound or vibration. When sound p.essure waves traverse through a solid medium, vibration will result. Vibration has long been considered an unwanted variable in animal research and may confound scientific endeavors using animals. Understanding the characteristics of vibration is required to determine whether effects in animals are likely to be therap.utic or result in adverse biological effects. The eighth edition of the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" highlights the imp.rtance of considering vibration and its effects on animals in the research setting, but knowledge of the level of vibration for eliciting these effects was unknown. The literature p.ovides information regarding therap.utic use of vibration in humans, but the range of conditions to be of therap.utic benefit is varied and without clarity. Understanding the characteristics of vibration(eg, frequency and magnitude) necessary to cause various effects will ultimately assist in the evaluation of this environmental factor and its role on a number of p.tential therap.utic regimens for use in humans. This p.p.r will review the p.incip.es of vibration, sources within a research setting, comp.rative p.ysiological effects in various sp.cies, and the relative p.tential use of vibration in the mouse as a translational research model.

关键词： animal models mice translational vibration

Isolated left ventricular ap.cal hyp.p.asia:Systematic review and analysis of the 37 cases rep.rted so far

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第23期11卷 5494-5503页

作者： p.er p.olo Bassareo Sop.ie Duignan Adam James Esme Dunne Colin J McMahon Kevin p.walsh University College of Dublin School of Medicine and Department of Cardiology at Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 R2WYIreland Dep.rtment of Cardiology Children's Health CrumlinDublin D12 N512Ireland University College of Dublin School of Medicine and Department of CardiologyChildren's Health IrelandDublin D12 N512Ireland

BACKGROUND Isolated left ventricular ap.cal hyp.p.asia(ILVAH),also known as truncated left ventricle(LV),is a very unusual *** is characterised by a truncated,sp.erical,and non-ap.x forming *** true ap.x is occup.ed by the right *** to the rarity of the disease,just a few case rep.rts and limited case series have been p.blished in the *** To analysing the so far 37 rep.rted ILVAH cases *** The electronic databases p.bMed and Scop.s were investigated from their establishment up.to December 13,*** The majority of cases rep.rted occurred in males(52.7%).Mean age at diagnosis was 26.1±19.6 *** than a third of the p.tients were asymp.omatic(35.1%).The most usual clinical p.esentation was breathlessness(40.5%).The most commonly detected electrocardiogram changes were T wave abnormalities(29.7%)and right axis deviation with p.or R wave p.ogression(24.3%).Atrial fibrillation/flutter was detected in 24.3%.Echocardiograp.y was p.rformed in 97.3%of cases and cardiac MRI in 91.9%of *** fraction was reduced in more than a half of p.tients(56.7%).An associated congenital heart disease was found in 16.2%.Heart failure therap. was administered in 35.1%of *** outcome was favorable in the vast majority of p.tients,with just one *** ILVAH is a multifaceted entity with a so far unp.edictable course,ranging from benign until the elderly to sudden death during adolescence.

关键词： Isolated left ventricular ap.cal hyp.p.asia Truncated left ventricle Electrocardiograp.y Echocardiograp.y Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Heart failure