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β-funaltrexamine differentially modulates chemokine and cytokine expression in normal human astrocytes and C20 human microglial cells

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第4期7卷 300-310页

作者： randall L.Davis Kelly McCracken Daniel j.Buck Department of Pharmacology/Physiology Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOK 74107USA

Aim: Emerging evidence implicates astrocyte/microglia dysregulation in a range of brain disorders, thereby making glial cells potential therapeutic targets. The novel anti-inflammatory actions of beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) are of particular interest. β-FNA is a derivative of naltrexone, and recognized as a selective, irreversible antagonist at the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). However, we discovered that β-FNA has novel anti-inflammatory actions that seem to be mediated through a MOR-independent mechanism. Thus far, we have focused on the acute effects of β-FNA on inflammatory ***: The effect of β-FNA treatment on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammatory signaling in normal human astrocytes (NHA) and C20 human microglial cells. Cytokine/chemokine expression was measured using ELISA, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 activation was evaluated by immunoblot. Results: IL-1β-induced interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (CXCL10) production in NHA was more sensitive to chronic (3 day) β-FNA as indicated by an approximately 3-fold lower EC50 compared to that observed in acutely treated cells. Chronic β-FNA did not affect IL-1β-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) or IL-6 production in NHA. β-FNA inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, suggesting that the inhibitory effects may be due in part to reduced NF-κB activation. We showed for the first time that C20 human microglial cells were insensitive to the anti-inflammatory actions of acute β-FNA. Conclusion: β-FNA differentially affects inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in human astrocytes and microglia. These findings warrant further investigation into the novel anti-inflammatory actions of β-FNA, with a particular focus on astrocytes. These insights should contribute to the development of strategies to treat brain disorders that involve neuroinflammation.

关键词： Neuroinflammation brain opioid nuclear factor-kappaB pro-inflammatory

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粉末注射成形与液相烧结科学基础的建立

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粉末冶金技术 2008年第2期26卷 145-151,152页

作者： randall M. German 韩凤麟(译) CAVS Chair Professor in Mechanical Engineering Director Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississipi State University P. O. Box 5405 Mississippi State MS 39762-5405 USA 不详

就固-液-孔隙系统的流变学特性而言,粉末注射成形与液相烧结具有同样特点。粉末注射成形起始于1930年代,而金属粉末的液相烧结大体上也可溯源于同一时代。这2种工艺都对粘度和固体含量与温度的关系高度敏感,但都有所不同。因此,提出了... 详细信息

就固-液-孔隙系统的流变学特性而言,粉末注射成形与液相烧结具有同样特点。粉末注射成形起始于1930年代,而金属粉末的液相烧结大体上也可溯源于同一时代。这2种工艺都对粘度和固体含量与温度的关系高度敏感,但都有所不同。因此,提出了一个包括应变速率、颗粒大小、固体含量等因素及颗粒结合程度的模型。在液相烧结中,固体在液体中的溶解度通过颗粒结合影响与时间相关的粘度。同样,在粉末注射成形中,长聚合物的缠结影响与时间相关的粘度。粉末注射成形与液相烧结二者的相似之处,在于都能够将流变学特性模型用于计算机模拟。

关键词：粉末注射成形液相烧结流变学模型粘度粘性流动烧结

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Fukushima accident study using MELCOR

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第3期11卷 53-59页

作者： randall O Gauntt Sandia National Laboratories

The accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station stunned the world as the sequences played out over severals days and videos of hydrogen explosions were televised as they took place. The accidents all resulted in severe damage to the reactor cores and releases of radioactivity to the environment despite heroic measures had taken by the operating personnel. The following paper provides some background into the development of these accidents and their root causes,chief among them,the prolonged station blackout conditions that isolated the reactors from their ultimate heat sink - the ocean. The interpretations given in this paper are summarized from a recently completed report funded by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE).

关键词： external events seismic risks for nuclear power Fukushima severe accidents severe accident management

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Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i>and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 150-158页

作者： Eric j. Wagner randall W. Oplinger Matthew Bartley G Fisheries Experiment Station Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Logan USA

The effect of penicillin-G on Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, was evaluated in 15 min and overnight exposures. Separate tests evaluated the effect of increasing doses of penicillin-G to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs, fingerlings, and adults. Rainbow trout eggs were exposed for 1 h to penicillin doses of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 10,000, 50,000, or 100,000 IU/mL. Mean percent hatch ranged from 64.6% to 75.1%, and did not significantly differ among the treatments. Fingerlings were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μL of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, or 500,000 IU/mL. Probit analysis resulted in a LD10 (lethal dose for 10% of injected fish) of 52,868 IU/mL (95% confidence limits: 31,522 - 69,490 IU/mL) and a LD50 of 131,466 IU/mL (113,095 - 157,878 IU/mL). Brood stock were injected (i.p.) with 200 μL of penicillin at concentrations of 0 (control), 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, 400,000, or 800,000 IU/mL. Mortality ranged from 0% to 7% (50,000 IU/mL treatment) and did not significantly differ among treatments. In 28 h exposure tests, penicillin concentrations of ≥ 333 IU/mL were required to completely suppress growth of F. psychrophilum. In 15 min exposures, ≥ 10,000 IU/mL were needed to achieve the same result. Tests indicated that rainbow trout eggs can tolerate 1 h exposures to penicillin-G concentrations as high as 100,000 IU/mL, and that brood fish can tolerate injections of at least 800,000 IU/mL. Fingerling data however, suggested that injection of doses greater than 10,000 IU/mL can be toxic. The data suggests rainbow trout eggs or brood can tolerate high doses of penicillin-G that could be used for controlling the transfer of F. psychrophilum to hatcheries receiving eggs.

关键词： Flavobacterium psychrophilum Penicillin Antibiotics Toxicity Drug Safety

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Severe accident risks from external events

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第3期11卷 31-38页

作者： randall O Gauntt Sandia National Laboratories

This paper reviews the early development of design requirements for seismic events in USA early developing nuclear electric generating fleet. Notable safety studies,including WASH-1400,Sandia Siting Study and the NUREG1150 probabilistic risk study,are briefly reviewed in terms of their relevance to extreme accidents arising from seismic and other severe accident initiators. Specific characteristic about the nature of severe accidents in nuclear power plant (NPP) are reviewed along with present day state-of-art analysis methodologies (methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) and MELCOR accident consequence code system (MACCS)) that are used to evaluate severe accidents and to optimize mitigative and protective actions against such accidents. It is the aim of this paper to make nuclear operating nations aware of the risks that accompany a much needed energy resource and to identify some of the tools,techniques and landmark safety studies that serve to make the technology safer and to maintain vigilance and adequate safety culture for the responsible management of this valuable but unforgiving technology.

关键词： external events severe accidents in NPP beyond design basis events NUREG- 1150 state-of-art reactor consequence analyses seismic probabilistic risk assessment

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The Effects of a Single Bout of Exercise on Mood and Self-Esteem in Clinically Diagnosed Mental Health Patients

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Open journal of Medical Psychology 2013年第3期2卷 81-85页

作者： Naomi j. Ellis jason A. randall Grant Punnett Centre of Sport Health and Exercise Research Faculty of Health Sciences Staffordshire University Staffordshire UK

Objectives: Research has highlighted the importance of regular exercise within the general population and mental health groups in regard to mood and self-esteem, as well as single bout exercise within the general population. However, research into single bout exercise in mental health population is lacking. This study investigated the impact of a single bout of exercise, on mood and self-esteem, in patients with a wider clinical mental health diagnosis. Design: A quantitative questionnaire was completed immediately pre and post a single, 45 minute bout of moderate intensity exercise, consisting of the Brunel Universal Mood States (BRUMS) questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE). Methods: Participants attending a mental health hospital with a clinical mental health diagnosis (N = 54) completed the questionnaire. Information regarding physical activity levels, mental health diagnosis and length of hospital stay were collated. Results: A significant improvement was identified on the RSE as well as the BRUMS (depression, anger, confusion, anxious tension and vigour) over time. Conclusion: The significant findings highlight the importance of exercise promotion within this population group, and the potentially beneficial role that a single bout of exercise can have on mood and self-esteem in patients experiencing mental health problems.

关键词： Clinical Exercise Health Mental Health Mood Self-Esteem

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灌浆期温度对小麦品质的影响

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国外农学（麦类作物） 1991年第5期 18-20页

作者： P.j.randall 华国辉

用大田及温室样本研究了籽粒形成期温度对小麦品质的影响.探求在州际小麦品种试验区面团品质与开花至收获期的日平均最高温度和最低温度之间的相关性.籽粒形成期的气温显著地影响了与烘烤品质有关的一些特性,特别是面团强度,面包评级及... 详细信息

用大田及温室样本研究了籽粒形成期温度对小麦品质的影响.探求在州际小麦品种试验区面团品质与开花至收获期的日平均最高温度和最低温度之间的相关性.籽粒形成期的气温显著地影响了与烘烤品质有关的一些特性,特别是面团强度,面包评级及体积.日平均温度升高到大约30℃,面团强度随之增强.超过该临界温度,甚至仅3天时间,就可导致面团强度下降.温度对粒重或蛋白质含量的效应,显然与此无关,就好象高温处理被推迟到最大干重形成之后所观察的那样.

关键词：小麦灌浆期温度品质

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Characterization and transcriptional analyses of cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases in CrylAb-susceptible and CrylAb-resistant strains of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 485-496页

作者： Yunlong Yang Yu Cheng Zhu james Ottea Claudia Husseneder B. Rogers Leonard Craig Abel randall Luttrell Fangneng Huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana Southern Insect Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville Mississippi Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa USA

Diatraea saccharalis is a major corn borer pest. Midgut serine proteinases are essential for insect growth and development. Alteration of midgut proteinases is re- sponsible for Bt resistance development in some species. To clone midgut trypsin and chymotrypsin cDNAs and to test if the CrylAb resistance in D. saccharalis is associ- ated with changes in midgut proteinases, total midgut tryptic and chymotryptic activities, cDNA sequences, and gene expressions of three trypsin and three chymotrypsin genes were comparatively examined between Cry 1 Ab-susceptible （Cry 1 Ab- S S） and Cry 1 Ab-resistant （Cry 1 Ab-RR） strains. Full-length cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and three chymotrypsin- like proteinases were sequenced from CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR larvae. These cDNAs code for active forms of midgut serine proteinases with all fimctional motifs, includ- ing signal peptide, conserved His-Asp-Ser for the catalytic triad, three pairs of cysteines for disulfide bridge configurations, and conserved substrate specificity determination residues. In general, cDNA and putative protein sequences are highly similar between CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR strains, except for a few nucleotide and predicted amino acid substitutions, whose function need to be further clarified. Total trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were also similar between CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR strains. Transcriptional levels of the trypsin and chymotrypsin genes had numerical difference between Cry 1 Ab-SS and CrylAb-RR strains, but the difference was not statistically significant. Data suggest that the development of CrylAb resistance in D. saccharalis was not significantly as- sociated with these trypsins and chymotrypsins. Results clarified the role of six midgut proteinases and provided a foundation for continuing examination of potential involvement of other midgut proteinases in Bt resistance development and other important biochemical processes.

关键词： Bt cDNA chymotrypsin enzymatic activity resistance trypsin

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Introduction to Aeronautics 2nd ed.

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丛书名： AIAA Education Series

2004年

作者： Steven A. Brandt john j. Bertin randall j. Stiles Ray Whitford

ISBN: (数字)9781600862007

ISBN: (纸本)9781563477010

The most exciting moment for an aeronautical engineer is when his or her design becomes a working aircraft, the endpoint of a journey that begins in the classroom. This textbook provides the resources that students need to understand the methods and thought processes involved in designing aircraft. Students learn through the use of specific analytical principles, practical examples, case studies, and corresponding problems to solve. The material in this textbook and AeroDYNAMIC 3.0 software (purchased separately) is sufficient to support a university-level course of three to six semester hours. At the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), Chapters 1-6 are used in a three-semester-hour course taught to the entire student body. The material in Chapters 7-10 is taught at USAFA in later courses taken only by aeronautical engineering *** professors, this textbook comes complete with end-of-chapter homework problems that provide a summary of the concepts and features contained in the chapters. The problems provide students with an excellent opportunity to analyze and synthesize industry examples, ensuring they understand the key concepts and their applications. A Windows-based software package on DVD (purchased separately), entitled AeroDYNAMIC, provides a single integrated package with one universal user interface providing access to virtual laboratories, simulations, and design synthesis and analysis software based on the methods presented in the text.

关键词： Aircraft Components and Structure Aircraft Design Aircraft Operations and Technology Aircraft Stability and Control Aircraft Wing Components Aircraft Wing Design Aircrafts Airfoil Airfoil Nomenclature Flight Control Surfaces Wing Configurations Wing Planforms

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Designing chimeric enzymes inspired by fungal cellulosomes

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第1期5卷 23-32页

作者： Sean P.Gilmore Stephen P.Lillington Charles H.Haitjema randall de Groot Michelle A.O'Malley Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106United States MC 5080 University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106-5080United States

Cellulosomes are synthesized by anaerobic bacteria and fungi to degrade lignocellulose via synergistic action of multiple enzymes fused to a protein *** templating key protein domains(cohesin and dockerin),designer cellulosomes have been engineered from bacterial motifs to alter the activity,stability,and degradation efficiency of enzyme *** a parts list for fungal cellulosomes from the anaerobic fungi(Neocallimastigomycota)was determined,which revealed sequence divergent fungal cohesin,dockerin,and scaffoldin domains that could be used to expand the available toolbox to synthesize designer *** this work,multi-domain carbohydrate active enzymes(CAZymes)from 3 cellulosome-producing fungi were analyzed to inform the design of chimeric proteins for synthetic cellulosomes inspired by anaerobic *** particular,Piromyces finnis was used as a structural template for chimeric carbohydrate active *** enzymes with retained properties were engineered by combining thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase domains from Thermotoga maritima with dockerin domains from Piromyces *** preserving the protein domain order from ***,chimeric enzymes retained catalytic activity at temperatures over 80°C and were able to associate with cellulosomes purified from anaerobic *** cellulosomes harbor a wide diversity of glycoside hydrolases,each representing templates for the design of chimeric *** conserving dockerin domain position within the primary structure of each protein,the activity of both the catalytic domain and dockerin domain was retained in enzyme *** further,the domain positioning inferred from native fungal cellulosome proteins can be used to engineer multi-domain proteins with non-native favorable properties,such as thermostability.

关键词： Cellulosome Dockerin Scaffoldin Anaerobic fungi Thermophile Enzyme

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