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Flow Injection Analysis Technique for Online Preconcentration of Lead Ions in Airborne Particulate Matter Using Imprinted Polymer as the Sorbent

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第2期8卷 180-190页

作者： muhammad Bachri Amran Novita Ambarsari muhammad Ali Zulfikar Asri Indrawati Rusnadi Rusnadi Saipul Hamdi Analytical Chemistry Division Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung 40132Indonesia Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere National Research and Innovation AgencyBandung 40135Indonesia

This work reported a simple and sensitive flow injection analysis(FIA)technique coupled with a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(FAAS)for online preconcentration of lead(Ⅱ)ions in the airborne particulate matter samples(PM_(2.5))using ion-imprinted polymers as adsorbent packed in minicolumn.A bulk polymerization method was chosen to synthesize the polymer based on a ternary complex of lead ions with 4-2-pyridilazo resorcinol and 4-vinyl pyridine with methacrylic acid as a functional *** optimum pH for sorption was 6,and other variables for the FIA system were optimized,including breakthrough volume,eluent concentration,and eluent *** optimum conditions were reached with a breakthrough volume of 4.45 mL,calculated as a dynamic retention capacity of 5.20 mg/g of Pb(II)40 mg/L,with a 1.5 mL/min flow *** eluent used for the FIA system was 0.5 mL HNO_(3)of 3 mol/***,precision,and limits of detection of the FIA system were determined before being applied to preconcentration and analysis of lead ions in PM_(2.5)*** precision of the method was determined to be 3.09%by calculating the coefficients of the *** of the method in the concentration range of 50-1000μg/L gave a coefficient correlation of 0.9925,showing a good response,and the limit of detection of the system was 5.11μg/L,better than that of the FAAS *** of the FIA system were evaluated and showed good results with an enrichment factor of more than 20 times higher and a concentration efficiency of 11.65 min^(-1)with a consumptive index of 4.5 *** and analysis of the PM_(2.5)samples in Bandung City showed the concentrations of Pb(II)were 26.67μg/L and 33.3μg/L with the accuracy of the method for each sample of104.75%and 107.86%.

关键词： Flow injection analysis Lead(II)ions Imprinted polymer Particulate matter

CapsNet-FR: Capsule Networks for Improved Recognition of Facial Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2169-2186页

作者： Mahmood Ul Haq muhammad Athar Javed Sethi Najib Ben Aoun Ala Saleh Alluhaidan Sadique ahmad Zahid farid Department of Computer System Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al-Baha UniversityAlaqiq65779-7738Saudi Arabia REGIM-Lab:Research Groups in Intelligent Machines National School of Engineers of Sfax(ENIS)University of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia EIAS:Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Karachi CampusKarachi541004Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Abasyn UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan

Face recognition (FR) technology has numerous applications in artificial intelligence including biometrics, security,authentication, law enforcement, and surveillance. Deep learning (DL) models, notably convolutional neuralnetworks (CNNs), have shown promising results in the field of FR. However CNNs are easily fooled since theydo not encode position and orientation correlations between features. Hinton et al. envisioned Capsule Networksas a more robust design capable of retaining pose information and spatial correlations to recognize objects morelike the brain does. Lower-level capsules hold 8-dimensional vectors of attributes like position, hue, texture, andso on, which are routed to higher-level capsules via a new routing by agreement algorithm. This provides capsulenetworks with viewpoint invariance, which has previously evaded CNNs. This research presents a FR model basedon capsule networks that was tested using the LFW dataset, COMSATS face dataset, and own acquired photos usingcameras measuring 128 × 128 pixels, 40 × 40 pixels, and 30 × 30 pixels. The trained model outperforms state-ofthe-art algorithms, achieving 95.82% test accuracy and performing well on unseen faces that have been blurred orrotated. Additionally, the suggested model outperformed the recently released approaches on the COMSATS facedataset, achieving a high accuracy of 92.47%. Based on the results of this research as well as previous results, capsulenetworks perform better than deeper CNNs on unobserved altered data because of their special equivarianceproperties.

关键词： CapsNet face recognition artificial intelligence

Tailoring MXene Thickness and Functionalization for Enhanced Room‑Temperature Trace NO_(2) Sensing

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 71-86页

作者： muhammad Hilal Woochul Yang Yongha Hwang Wanfeng Xie Department of Physics Dongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Korea UniversitySejong 30019Republic of Korea School of Electronics&Information University‑Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband CommunicationQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China

In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing *** a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing,stirring,and immiscible solutions,sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the *** control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650℃ under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace,followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the ***,the introduction of iodine,which has a larger atomic size,lower electronegativity,reduce shielding effect,and lower hydrophilicity(contact angle:99°),profoundly affecting *** improves the surface area(36.2 cm^(2) g^(-1)),oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments(21 days/80 days),and film conductivity(749 S m^(-1)).Additionally,it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance,including the sensitivity(0.1119Ωppm^(-1)),response(0.2% and 23%to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO_(2)),and response/recovery times(90/100 s).The reduced shielding effect of the–I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward *** approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.

关键词： Controlled MXene thickness Gaseous functionalization approach Lower electronegativity functional groups Enhanced MXene stability Trace NO_(2)sensing

Gravity-driven powder flow and the influence of external vibration on flow characteristics

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 201-209页

作者： muhammad Shahid Ansari Ratna Kumar Annabattula Sathyan Subbiah Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

The controlled and homogeneous flow of dry granular powders through hoppers is essential for applications,namely,packaging of food grains,fertilizers and additive manufacturing processes such as directed energy deposition for better product *** of the major issues encountered in the granular flows through hoppers is flow stagnation due to the well-known arching ***-assisted granular flow through hoppers is one of the mechanisms used for better mass flow *** this work,the influence of external mechanical vibration on the powder flow is investigated experimentally and using discrete element ***,the mass flow rate through the hopper increases with an increase in vibration amplitude and then decreases,signifying the existence of an optimal amplitude of *** DEM simulations explained the underlying mechanisms for the existence of an optimal amplitude of vibration corresponding to the maximum mass flow rate.A range of vibration amplitudes from 0 mm to 3.5 mm is used to study the flow behaviour;the maximum flow of around 33 g/s to 35 g/s is observed for 0.75 mm to 1.25 mm vibration amplitude for the hopper-particle combination studied in this *** work also reports the influence of vibration frequency,hopper,and particle dimension on the flow *** research facilitates the effective use of mechanical vibration to enhance powder flow that can further be extended to non-spherical and multi-material particles.

关键词： Discrete element method Flow rate Granular flow Path tracking Vibration intensity

Analysis of b→cτν¯_(τ)anomalies using weak effective Hamiltonian with complex couplings and their impact on various physical observables

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 56-75页

作者： muhammad Arslan Tahira Yasmeen Saba Shafaq Ishtiaq Ahmed muhammad Jamil Aslam Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Physics International Islamic UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan National Center for Physics Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Recently,the experimental measurements of the branching ratios and different polarization asymmetries for processes occurring through flavor-changing-charged current(b→cτν¯_(τ))transitions by BABAR,Belle,and LHCb have revealed some significant differences from the corresponding Standard Model(SM)*** has triggered an interest to search for physics beyond the SM in the context of various new physics(NP)models and using the model-independent weak effective Hamiltonian(WEH).Assuming left-handed neutrinos,we add the dimension-six vector,(pseudo-)scalar,and tensor operators with complex Wilson coefficients(WCs)to the SM *** 60%,30%,and 10%constraints resulting from the branching ratio of B_(c)→τν¯_(τ),we reassess the parametric space of these new physics WCs accommodating the current anomalies based on the most recent HFLAV data of R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*))and Belle data of F_(L)(D^(*))and P_(τ)(D^(*)).We find that the allowed parametric region of left-handed scalar couplings strongly depends on the constraints of the B_(c)→τν¯_(τ)branching ratio,and the maximum pull from the SM predictions results from the<60%branching ratio ***,the parametric region changes significantly if we extend the analysis by adding LHCb data of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)).Furthermore,due to the large uncertainties in the measurements of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c)),we derive the sum rules which complement them with R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*)).Using the best-fit points of the new complex WCs along with the latest measurements of R_(τ/μ,e)(D(^(*))),we predict the numerical values of the observable R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)),R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ),and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c))from the sum *** simultaneous dependence of abovementioned physical observables on the NP WCs is established by plotting their correlation with R_(D) and R_(D^(*)),which are useful to discriminate between various NP *** find that the most significant impact of NP results from the WC C^(S)_(L)=4C^(T).Fi

关键词： B meson anomalies new physics complex coupling HFLAV

Feedback Mechanism-driven Mutation Reptile Search Algorithm for Optimizing Interpolation Developable Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 527-571页

作者： Gang Hu Jiao Wang Xiaoni Zhu muhammad Abbas Department of Applied Mathematics Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710054China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan

Curvature lines are special and important curves on *** is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering *** this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search ***,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the ***,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving *** IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is *** last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is *** developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.

关键词： Reptile search algorithm Feedback mechanism Adaptive parameter Mutation strategy SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface Shape optimization

SNR and RSSI Based an Optimized Machine Learning Based Indoor Localization Approach:Multistory Round Building Scenario over LoRa Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1927-1945页

作者： muhammad Ayoub Kamal muhammad Mansoor Alam Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak Mazliham Mohd Su’ud Malaysian Institute of Information Technology(MIIT) Universiti Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50250Malaysia Faculty of Computing and Informatics Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia Depertment of Computer Science DHA Suffa UniversityKarachiSindh75500Pakistan Riphah Institute of System Engineering(RISE) Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityIslamabad46000Pakistan Malaysian France Institute(MFI) Universiti Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50250Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

In situations when the precise position of a machine is unknown,localization becomes *** research focuses on improving the position prediction accuracy over long-range(LoRa)network using an optimized machine learning-based *** order to increase the prediction accuracy of the reference point position on the data collected using the fingerprinting method over LoRa technology,this study proposed an optimized machine learning(ML)based *** signal strength indicator(RSSI)data from the sensors at different positions was first gathered via an experiment through the LoRa network in a multistory round layout *** noise factor is also taken into account,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)value is recorded for every RSSI *** study concludes the examination of reference point accuracy with the modified KNN method(MKNN).MKNN was created to more precisely anticipate the position of the reference *** findings showed that MKNN outperformed other algorithms in terms of accuracy and complexity.

关键词： Indoor localization MKNN LoRa machine learning classification RSSI SNR localization

Smart Farming for Sustainable Rice Production:An Insight into Application,Challenge,and Future Prospect

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 47-61页

作者： Norhashila HASHIM Maimunah Mohd ALI muhammad Razif MAHADI ahmad Fikri ABDULLAH Aimrun WAYAYOK Muhamad Saufi Mohd KASSIM Askiah JAMALUDDIN Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering/SMART Farming Technology Research Centre Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor 43400Malaysia Department of Food Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaSelangor 43600Malaysia Department of Resource Management&Consumer Studies Faculty of Human EcologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor 43400Malaysia

Rice has a huge impact on socio-economic growth,and ensuring its sustainability and optimal utilization is *** review provides an insight into the role of smart farming in enhancing rice *** applications of smart farming in rice production including yield estimation,smart irrigation systems,monitoring disease and growth,and predicting rice quality and classifications are *** challenges of smart farming in sustainable rice production to enhance the understanding of researchers,policymakers,and stakeholders are *** efforts have been exerted to combat the issues in rice production in order to promote rice sector *** effective implementation of smart farming in rice production has been facilitated by various technical advancements,particularly the integration of the Internet of Things and artificial *** future prospects of smart farming in transforming existing rice production practices are also *** the utilization of smart farming,the rice industry can attain sustainable and resilient production systems that could mitigate environmental impact and safeguard food ***,the rice industry holds a bright future in transforming current rice production practices into a new outlook in rice smart farming development.

关键词： rice production smart farming food security agriculture sustainability

Fixed points stability,bifurcation analysis,and chaos control of a Lotka-Volterra model with two predators and their prey

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第4期17卷 1-38页

作者： muhammad Aqib Abbasi Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad44230Pakistan

The study of the population dynamics of a three-species Lotka-Volterra model is crucial in gaining a deeper understanding of the delicate balance between prey and predator *** research takes a unique approach by exploring the stability of fixed points and the occurrence of Hopf *** using the bifurcation theory,our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the conditions for the existence of Hopf *** is validated through detailed numerical simulations and visual representations that demonstrate the potential for chaos in these *** mitigate this instability,we employ a hybrid control strategy that ensures the stability of the controlled model even in the presence of Hopf *** research is not only significant in advancing the field of ecology but also has far-reaching practical implications for wildlife management and conservation *** results provide a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of prey-predator interactions and have the potential to inform sustainable management practices and ensure the survival of these species.

关键词： Fixed points existence and uniqueness Hopf bifurcation