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Advances in the Structural Composition of Biomass:Fundamental and Bioenergy Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第4期9卷 615-636页

作者： Neha srivastava Akshay Shrivastav Rajeev Singh Mohammed Abohashrh K.R.srivastava Safia Irfan Manish srivastava P.K.Mishra Vijai kumar Gupta Vijay kumar Thakur Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India Department of Chemical Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of TechnologyGorakhpur273010India Department of Environmental Studies Satyawati CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110052India Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Departentof Biotechnology Faculty of BiosciencesIntegral UniversityLucknow226026India Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC)EdinburghEH93JGUK

Increased environmental pollution due to the organic wastes over the world is one of the most burning *** organic wastes lie under the category of biodegradable waste and can be effectively degraded from their complex compound into simple one by the action of microbes or other living ***,lignocellulosic biomass is a major part of the biodegradable waste and belongs to the group of renewable energy source,which can be very effective for bioenergy *** are made up of different compounds such as cellulose,hemicelluloses,lignin and *** from these components,based on the structural analysis biomass also consist of bioactive substances such as carotenoids,flavonoids,lignin and *** review explores a complete overview of the classification,component and the structure of the ***,it discusses how biomasses can play the key role of substrate in many sectors such as industrial bioenergy production including gaseous and liquid biofuels.

关键词： Biomass classification composition bioactive substance biofuels

Photochemical Transformations of Some 2-（5-Methylthiophen-2-yl）-3-[（naphthalen-2-yl）methoxy]-4H-chromen-4-ones Involving Type-II Process

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第4期29卷 745-750页

作者： Kamboj, ramesh C kumar, Dinesh Sharma, Geeta Arora, Rita Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India

Photo-irradiation of 2-（5-methylthiophen-2-yl）-3-[（naphthalen-2-yl）methoxy]-4H-chromen-4-ones yielded the fascinating angular tetracyclic products via cyclization involving both 2-thienyl ring and naphthylmethoxy group via 1,4-biradical generated in the Norrish type-II process. The stereochemical dispositions of the products were determined by MM2 energy minimized programme and spectroscopic analysis.

关键词： type-II reaction radicals thienylchromone sigmatropic rearrangement substituent effects

Structural, Thermal, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Studies on New NLO Crystal∶DL-Threonium Trichloroacetate

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第z1期24卷 249-252页

作者： Gubendiran ramesh kumar Srinivasan Gokul Raj Rajagopal Mohan Ramasamy Jayave Department of Physics Presidency college Chennai-600 005 India Department of Physics Presidency college Chennai-600 005 India Department of Physics Presidency college Chennai-600 005 India Department of Physics Presidency college Chennai-600 005 India Crystal Growth Centre Anna University Chennai-600 025 India

Crystals of DL-threonium trichloroacetate (DLTTCA) was synthesized from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR and SHG measurements. Vibrational structure of the crystal was elucidated from FTIR analysis and the hydrogen bond interactions were discussed in detail. The ultraviolet transparent cutoff falls at 212 nm. Thermal stability of the compound was also studied. The powder SHG efficiency of the compound was measured as 0.62 times to that of KDP.

关键词： growth from solution nonlinear optical materials

Measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1073-1082页

作者： Vijay kumar SHANKAR Bijay Mihir KUNAR Chivukula Suryanarayana MURTHY M R ramesh Department of Mining Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India

Rock drilling is an essential operation in mining *** at the bit-rock interface plays a major role in the wear rate of the drill *** paper primarily focuses on the wear rate of tungsten carbide(WC)drill bit and the interrelationship between temperature and wear rate during rotary drilling operations conducted using a computer numerical control(CNC)*** interrelationship between the temperature and wear rate was studied with regard to three types of rock samples,i.e.,fine-grained sandstone(FG)of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)that is 17.83 MPa,medium-grained sandstone(MG)of UCS that is 13.70 MPa,and fine-grained sandstone pink(FGP)of UCS that is 51.67 *** rate of the drill bit has been measured using controlled parameters,i.e.,drill bit diameter(6,8,10,12,and 16 mm),spindle speed(250,300,350,400,and 450 rpm),and penetration rate(2,4,6,8,and 10 mm/min),***,a fully instrumented laboratory drilling set-up was *** weight of each bit was measured after the bit reached 30 mm depth in each type of the rock ***,effects of the bit-rock interface temperature and operational parameters on wear rate of the drill bits were *** results show that the wear rate of drill bits increased with an increase in temperature for all the bit-rock combinations *** is due to the silica content of the rock sample,which leads to an increase in the frictional heat between the bit-rock ***,in case of medium-grained sandstone,the weight percentage(wt%)of SiO2 is around 7.23 wt%,which presents a very low wear rate coefficient of 6.33×10^–2 mg/(N?m).Moreover,the temperature rise during drilling is also minimum,i.e.,around 74℃,in comparison to that of fine-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone *** addition,this paper develops the relationship between temperature and wear rate characteristics by employing simple linear regression analysis.

关键词： temperature wear rate drilling simple linear regression

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Subjects:Characteristics and Implications

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第3期5卷 216-223页

作者： ramesh kumar Shantam Mohan Department of Medical Gastroenterology Paras HMR Institute Patna India

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly diagnosed in obese subjects;however,it is not rare among lean *** the absence of traditional risk factors,it tends to remain *** metabolic profiles of lean NAFLD patients are frequently comparable to those of obese NAFLD *** results from several studies have been mixed,it has been generally revealed that lean subjects with NAFLD have minor insulin resistance compared to that in obese *** genetic variants are associated with NAFLD without insulin *** data suggest that the prevalence of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis do not differ significantly between lean and obese NAFLD;however,the former tend to have less severe disease at *** underlying pathophysiology of lean NAFLD may be quite *** predispositions,fructose-and cholesterol-rich diet,visceral adiposity and dyslipidaemia have potential roles in the pathogenic *** NAFLD may pose a risk for metabolic disturbances,cardiovascular morbidity or overall *** causes of hepatic steatosis are also needed to be ruled out in lean subjects with *** effectiveness of various treatment modalities,such as exercise and pharmacotherapy,on lean NAFLD is not *** loss is expected to help lean NAFLD patients who have visceral *** investigation is needed for many aspects of lean NAFLD,including mechanistic pathogenesis,risk assessment,natural history and therapeutic approach.

关键词： Lean NAFLD BMI Non-obese

Dietary salt in liver cirrhosis:With a pinch of salt!

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第10期15卷 1084-1090页

作者： ramesh kumar Sudheer Marrapu Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Patients with liver cirrhosis are advised to limit their sodium consumption to control excessive fluid *** is the most common form in which sodium is consumed ***,various recommendations urge patients to limit salt ***,there is a lack of consistency regarding salt restriction across the ***,there is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of salt restriction in the treatment of *** studies have shown that there is no difference in ascites control between patients with restriction of salt intake and those without ***,patients with cirrhosis may have several negative effects from consuming too little salt,although there are no recommendations on the lower limit of salt *** is necessary to maintain the extracellular fluid volume;hence,excessive salt restriction can result in volume contraction,which could negatively impact kidney function in a cirrhotic *** restriction in cirrhotic patients can also compromise nutrient intake,which can have a negative impact on the overall *** is insufficient evidence to recommend restricted salt intake for all patients with cirrhosis,including those with severe *** existing guidelines on salt restriction do not consider the salt sensitivity of patients;their nutritional state,volume status and sodium storage sites;and the risk of *** opinion article aims to critically analyze the existing literature with regard to salt recommendations for patients with liver cirrhosis and identify potential knowledge gaps that call for further research.

关键词： Salt Cirrhosis Sodium Hyponatremia Ascites Malnutrition

A novel PV array configuration for enhancing maximum power from PV array

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Clean Energy 2022年第6期6卷 817-826页

作者： Dharani kumar Narne T.A.ramesh kumar Rama Koteswara Rao Alla Department of Electrical Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai NagarChidambaramTamilnadu-608002India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering RVR&JC College of EngineeringGunturAndhra Pradesh-522019India

Partial shading conditions(PSC)are unavoidable and are the main reason for the reduction in power from a photovoltaic(PV)*** proper arrangement,the impact of PSC can be somewhat *** are distinct types of configurations,including series,parallel,series-parallel(SP),honeycomb,total cross-tied(TCT),*** article presents a novel SP-TCT configuration to maximize output power from PV panels under different shading *** proposed configuration performance has been examined considering a 4×4 PV array under long-narrow and long-wide,short-narrow,short-wide and uniform shading *** results of the proposed configurations are compared with existing configurations in terms of performance measures such as maximum power,fill factor,efficiency and mismatch *** all the cases,performance of the proposed configuration is nearer to the TCT configuration *** percentage improvement in terms of efficiency for the proposed novel SP-TCT configuration and TCT configuration is nearly 1.6%compared to other methods.

关键词： maximum power shading patterns PV array efficiency

Slope stability analysis of Balia Nala landslide, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 150-158页

作者： Mohit kumar Shruti Rana Pitamber Dutt Pant ramesh Chandra Patel Department of Geology Kumaun University Department of Geophysics Kurukshetra University

Balia Nala is the outlet of the Nainital lake, flowing towards southeast direction. Presence of Nainital habitation at its right bank has high socio-economic importance. This study presents the stability analysis of a ravine/valley along Balia Nala. Variegated slates(lower Krol and upper Blaini formations) are the main rock types, wherever the outcrop does exist and rest of the area is covered by slope wash and river borne materials. Three sets of joints are presented in the area, but 4 sets of joints also exist at some locations. Nainital lake fault intersected by Manora fault from southwest direction passes through eastern side of the study area, and some small faults, which are sub-branches of Nainital lake fault, are observed(with 10 m offset) and promote the landslide in the area. This study shows that different kinds of discontinuities(joints, faults and shear zones) and rapid down cutting by the stream due to neotectonic activity affect the stability of the slope. The fragile lithology and deep V-shaped valley further accelerate the mass movement in the study area. In addition, rock mass rating(RMR), factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the joints indicate the study area as landslide-prone zone. This study will be helpful in not only reducing the risk on life of people, but also in assisting the ongoing civil work in the study area.

关键词： Rock mass rating(RMR) Factor of safety(FOS) Balia Nala landslide Slope stability analysis

Data-driven approach to designing a BCI-integrated smart wheelchair through cost-benefit analysis

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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第2期3卷 1-9页

作者： Jenamani Chandrakanta Badajena Srinivas Sethi ramesh kumar Sahoo Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang(Nodal Center of Utkal University) Odisha 759146India

A smart wheelchair provides mobility assistance to persons with motor disabilities by processing sensory inputs from the *** involves accurately collecting inputs from the user during various movement activities and using them to determine their intended *** smart wheelchairs work by collecting brain signals in the form of electroencephalography(EEG)signals and by processing them into a quantized format to provide movement assistance to *** systems can be referred to as brain-computer interface(BCI)systems that work with EEG *** data from human beings in the form of brain signals through EEG,along with processing of those signals and ensuring the correctness of actions instigated by those brain signals involve a huge amount of *** this work,we carried out an experiment by taking 100 human subjects and recording their brain signals using a NeuroMax *** wheelchairs are constrained by design as the motion of those is limited either by manual operation or controlled by haptic sensors and *** main objective in this work was to design a wheelchair with better usability and control using machine learning-based knowledge,which is typically a data-driven ***,the proposed approach was designed to take inputs from human gestures and brain sensory activities to provide better usability to the *** attention meditation cost–benefit analysis(AMCBA)proposed in this paper aims to reduce the risk of inappropriate results and improve performance by considering various cost-benefit *** said classifier aims to improve the quality of emotion recognition by filtering features from EEG signals using methods of feature *** operation of the proposed method is described in two steps:in the first step,we assign weights to different channels for the extraction of spatial and temporal information from human *** second step presents the cost-benefit model to improve the accuracy t

关键词： EEG Attention Cost-benefit analysis Machine learning Meditation Smart wheelchair