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Hepatoprotection: A Hallmark of <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i>L. against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 1022-1027页

作者： Arshed Iqbal Dar ramesh chandra saxena Suresh Kumar Bansal Pest Control & Ayurvedic Drug Research Lab. S.S.L Jain P.G College Vidisha India

Objective: To demonstrate the in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Animal Model: Swiss Albino rats of either sex were used, divided into six groups with six in each group. Group 1-Normal control: The animals were maintained under normal control, which were given distilled water only. Group 2-Induction of hepatotoxicity: The animals received paracetamol 500 mg/kg b.w. (p.o) every 72 h for 10 Days. Groups 3 to 5: Animals received ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. at 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg bw/day for 7 days (p.o). Group 6: The animals were treated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o) which served as standard. Groups 3 to 6 were intoxicated with paracetamol (500 mg/kg bw) 1 h before the administration of extract or Silymarin for 10 days. Histopathological findings, different hepatic biochemical parameters viz. AST, ALT, ALP, Total bilirubin, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, & the body weight before & after treatment were evaluated to investigate the hepatoprotective activity. Results: Paracetamol induced a significant rise in AST, ALT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 200 mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. effectively reduced these pathological damages caused by paracetamol intoxication. In addition to serum parameters treatment of 200 mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract of Citrulus colocynthis L. also promotes the body weight in albino rats as shown in Figure 6 respectively. Histopathological changes of the liver samples were compared with the normal control as shown in Figures 2-5 respectively. Conclusion: From our results we may infer that the mode of action of 90% ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. (200 mg/kg bw) in affording the in-vivo hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol may be due to the cell membrane stabilization, hepatic cell regeneration & normalizing the serum param

关键词： Citrullus colocynthis L. Hepatoprotective Paracetamol Silymarin

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Analyzing driver's response to yellow indication subjected to dilemma incursion under mixed traffic condition

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 107-116页

作者： ramesh chandra Majhi Velmurugan Senathipathi Traffic Engineering and Safety Division CSIR-Central Road Research InstituteNew Delhi 110025India

Under mixed traffic conditions prevailing on Indian roads,drivers show complex response when faced with yellow signal because lane assignment gets dynamic in *** present study analyzes the effect of surrounding vehicles on response of the drivers while facing dilemma at *** dilemma zone definitions hold true in case of homogeneous traffic mix,a statistical analysis is performed to check the consistency across the definitions under mixed traffic *** study shows a significant difference in percentage of red light running in comparison to homogeneous traffic as reported by various *** carrying out the research,study locations are chosen in such a way to reflect diversity in road geometry,traffic composition and signal *** results deduced in this study indicate a strong correlation between the driver's decision making choice and the effect of presence of surrounding vehicle at the onset of yellow *** effect of critical time analysis has been found out to be one of the parameters other than critical distance in categorizing driver's aggressiveness while facing the yellow *** the process of identifying the statistical significance of dilemma zone definitions,it has been found that under heterogeneous traffic condition,drivers behave differently as compared to homogenous traffic when it comes to dilemma *** is observed that the percentage of vehicles crossing the intersection when faced with dilemma by violating the red light is 11.6%according to dilemma zone definition I whereas the definition II has yielded about 10.8%violation covering different vehicle *** above violation figures derived based on the above definition is somewhat higher as compared to homogeneous traffic condition which is observed to be of the order of 5%-6%.

关键词： Transportation engineering Mixed traffic Dilemma Dilemma zone Critical time

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Influence of Sputtering Pressure on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Ti-Si-N Thin Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 673-678页

作者： Vipin Chawla R.Jayaganthan ramesh chandra Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & Centre of Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Nano Science Laboratory Institute Instrumentation CentreIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Nanocomposite Ti-Si-N thin films have been deposited on Si （100） substrate by direct current/radio frequency （DC/RF） magnetron sputtering. The effect of varying deposition parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of Ti-Si-N films has been investigated by characterization techniques such as X-ray dif- fraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and nanoindentation, respectively. XRD analysis of the thin films exhibit all （111）, （200） and （220） peaks initially with varying sputtering pressure, but （111） peak dominates at higher sputtering pressure. The crystallite size calculated from XRD peaks shows that it increases with increasing sputtering pressure. Microstructural analy- sis reveals that the dense blurred grains transform into uniform grains in the films and shows porosity with increasing sputtering pressure. The surface roughness of the Ti-Si-N films increases with varying sputtering pressure. The hardness and Youngrs modulus values of Ti-Si-N films are 33.7 and 278.6 GPa, respectively, with 0.7 Pa sputtering pressure but it decreases with further increase in sputtering pressure due to an increase in porosity of the films.

关键词： Ti-Si-N films Nanoindentation Microstructural characterization

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Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2021年第1期6卷 109-123页

作者： Pratap chandra Nayak ramesh chandra Prusty Sidhartha Panda Department of Electrical Engineering VSSUTBurlaOdisha768018India

This paper uses a Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller for Automatic generation control (AGC) of a power system with Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) devices. Three differently rated reheat turbine operated thermal units with appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) are considered along with different FACTS devices. A new multistage controller design structure of a PDF plus (1 + PI) is introduced in the FACTS empowered power system for AGC while the controller gains are tuned by the GOA. The superiority of the proposed algorithm over the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms is demonstrated. The dynamic responses of GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) are compared with PIDF, PID and PI controllers on the same system. It is demonstrated that GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller provides optimum responses in terms of settling time and peak deviations compared to other controllers. In addition, a GOA-tuned PDF plus (1 + PI) controller with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) exhibits optimal results compared to other FACTS devices. The sturdiness of the projected controller is validated using sensitivity analysis with numerous load patterns and a wide variation of parameterization. To further validate the real-time feasibility of the proposed method, experiments using OPAL-RT OP5700 RCP/HIL and FPGA based real-time simulations are carried out.

关键词： Automatic generation control FACTS devices Multistage controller Grasshopper optimization algorithm

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Impacts of Bioinoculants Pseudomonas jesenii MP1 and Rhodococcus qingshengii S10107 on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Yield and Soil Nitrogen Status

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 388-399页

作者： Divya JOSHI ramesh chandra Deep chandra SUYAL Saurabh KUMAR Reeta GOEL Department of Microbiology College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnag ar-263145 Uttarakhand (India) Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar- 263145 Uttarakhand (India)

Cold-adapted bioinoculants are considered as harbingers of sustainable hill agriculture. Therefore, two previously characterized psychrotolerant diazotrophs, Pseudomonas jesenii MP1 and Rhodococcus qingshengii S10107, were evaluated for their plant growthpromoting potential for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown under natural field conditions. Comparative analysis of agronomical and biochemical crop parameters revealed the irrelevance of chemical fertilizers for chickpea production;the diazotrophs alone were sufficient to fulfil the crop's nutritional requirement. However, the integrated use of bacterial strains in combination with urea at 20 kg N ha^-1 as urea was being recommended for higher crop yield and better soil nitrogen status. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based soil bacterial dynamics unveiled the persistence of both diazotrophs until the end of the crop maturation period without affecting the native micro-flora. Therefore, these bioinoculants can be explored as natural nitrogen resource, and an additional incentive in their bio-formulation will be a step towards agricultural sustainability.

关键词： agricultural sustainability denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) hill agriculture psychrotolerance N fertilizer N fixation N uptake quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)

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Structural,Wettability and Optical Investigation of Titanium Oxynitride Coatings:Effect of Various Sputtering Parameters

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 512-523页

作者： Sushant K Rawal Amit Kumar Chawla R.Jayaganthan ramesh chandra Centre of Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India Nano Science Laboratory Institute Instrumentation CentreIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India Department of Mechanical Engineering Charotar University of Science and TechnologyChanga 388421India Department of Physics University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun-48007India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667India

The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various sputtering parameters such as nitrogen flow rate, deposition time and sputtering pressure on structural, wettability and optical properties of titanium oxynitride films deposited on glass substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering. The X-ray diffraction graphs of titanium oxynitride films show evolution of various textures of TiO=N and TiN phases with increasing nitrogen flow rate and deposition time, but an increase in sputtering pressure from 4.0 to 8.0 Pa results in decline of various textures observed for TiO=Ny and TiN phases. The stress and strain calculated by sin2~ method are compressive, which decrease with increasing nitrogen flow rate from 55 to I00 sccm （standard cubic centimeter per minute） and increase with increasing deposition time from 80 to I40 min due to atomic penning effect and increasing thickness of the deposited films. The titanium oxynitride films have contact angle values above 90 deg., indicating that films are hydrophobic. The maximum contact angle of I09.1 deg. is observed at deposition time of 140 min. This water repellent property can add value to potential protective, wear and corrosion resistant application of titanium oxynitride films. The band gap decreases from 1.98 to 1.83 eV as nitrogen flow rate is increased from 55 to 100 sccm; it decreases from 1.93 to 1.79 eV as deposition time is increased from 80 to 140 min as more nitrogen incorporation results in higher negative potential of valence band N2p orbital. But it increases from 2.26 to 2.34 eV for titanium oxynitride films as sputtering pressure increases from 4.0 to 8.0 Pa.

关键词： Titanium oxynitride Sputtering parameters Contact angle Optical properties

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Slope stability analysis of Balia Nala landslide, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 150-158页

作者： Mohit Kumar Shruti Rana Pitamber Dutt Pant ramesh chandra Patel Department of Geology Kumaun University Department of Geophysics Kurukshetra University

Balia Nala is the outlet of the Nainital lake, flowing towards southeast direction. Presence of Nainital habitation at its right bank has high socio-economic importance. This study presents the stability analysis of a ravine/valley along Balia Nala. Variegated slates(lower Krol and upper Blaini formations) are the main rock types, wherever the outcrop does exist and rest of the area is covered by slope wash and river borne materials. Three sets of joints are presented in the area, but 4 sets of joints also exist at some locations. Nainital lake fault intersected by Manora fault from southwest direction passes through eastern side of the study area, and some small faults, which are sub-branches of Nainital lake fault, are observed(with 10 m offset) and promote the landslide in the area. This study shows that different kinds of discontinuities(joints, faults and shear zones) and rapid down cutting by the stream due to neotectonic activity affect the stability of the slope. The fragile lithology and deep V-shaped valley further accelerate the mass movement in the study area. In addition, rock mass rating(RMR), factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the joints indicate the study area as landslide-prone zone. This study will be helpful in not only reducing the risk on life of people, but also in assisting the ongoing civil work in the study area.

关键词： Rock mass rating(RMR) Factor of safety(FOS) Balia Nala landslide Slope stability analysis

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Enhancing the energy efficiency for prolonging the network life time in multi-conditional multi-sensor based wireless sensor network

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第1期10卷 72-81页

作者： Raviteja Kocherla M.chandra Sekhar ramesh Vatambeti Research scholar Department of CSEPresidency UniversityBangaloreIndia Department of CSE Presidency UniversityBangaloreIndia Department of CSE CHRIST(Deemed to be University)BangaloreIndia

A wireless sensor network is one of the networks that is highly demanding by various real-timenetworking applications nowadays. A huge amount of sensor nodes is deployed in the networkrandomly and distributed. Most of the applications using wireless sensor network (WSN) aresurveillance monitoring applications like a forest, home, healthcare, environment, and remotemonitoring systems. Based on the application usage, the type of sensor, a number of sensornodes are deployed in such a manner where the sensors can be used effectively. But the sensornodes are restricted in the battery and sensing region. Thus, the battery of the sensor nodesis decreased based on the nodes’ function. The energy level of the sensor nodes highly affectsthe network lifetime. Improving the energy efficiency in WSN is one of the most important challengingtasks. Most of the earlier research works have proposed various methods, techniques,and routing protocols, but they are application dependent and as a common method. So, thispaper is motivated to propose a Multi-Conditional Network Analysis (MCNA) framework for savingthe energy level of the sensor nodes by reducing energy consumption. TheMCNAframeworkinvolves two different clustering processes with cluster head selection, choosing the best nodesbased on the signal strength, and the best route for data transmission. The data transmissionis done by cluster based on source-destination based. The simulation results proved that theproposed MCNA framework outperforms the other existing methods.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks energy efficiency clustering signal strength verification

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Plant Identification Using Fitness-Based Position Update in Whale Optimization Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4719-4736页

作者： Ayman Altameem Sandeep Kumar ramesh chandra Poonia Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar Department of Computer Science College of Applied StudiesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bangalore560074India Department of Computer Science CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bangalore560029India Information Systems Department Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Since the beginning of time,humans have relied on plants for food,energy,and *** are recognized by leaf,flower,or fruit and linked to their suitable *** methods are used to extract and select traits that are helpful in identifying a *** plant leaf image categorization,each plant is assigned a label according to its *** purpose of classifying plant leaf images is to enable farmers to recognize plants,leading to the management of plants in several *** study aims to present a modified whale optimization algorithm and categorizes plant leaf images into *** modified algorithm works on different sets of plant *** proposed algorithm examines several benchmark functions with adequate *** ten plant leaf images,this classification method was *** proposed model calculates precision,recall,F-measurement,and accuracy for ten different plant leaf image datasets and compares these parameters with other existing *** on experimental data,it is observed that the accuracy of the proposed method outperforms the accuracy of different algorithms under consideration and improves accuracy by 5%.

关键词： Bag-of-features feature optimization plant leaf classification swarm intelligence nature-inspired algorithm

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Fixed Point Theorems for Weakly Contractive Mappings in Ordered Metric Spaces with an Application

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2022年第2期38卷 232-242页

作者： Gopi Prasad ramesh chandra Dimri Department of Mathematics HNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar Garhwal 246174India

In this paper,we prove fixed point theorem for weakly contractive mappings using locally T-transitivity of binary relation and presenting an analogous version of Harjani and Sadarangani theorem involving more general relation theoretic metrical *** fixed point results under universal relation reduces to Harjani and Sadarangani[Nonlinear Anal.,71(2009),3403-3410]fixed point *** this way we also generalize some of the recent fixed point theorems for weak contraction in the existing literature.

关键词： R-continuity locally T-transitive binary relation weakly contractive map

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