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Smart tailoring of molecular catalysts:Mounting approach to oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 169-184页

作者： Anuj Kumar Mohd Ubaidullah Guoxin Zhang Jasvinder Kaur Saira Ajmal Mudassir Hasan krishna Kumar Yadav Hafiz M.Adeel Sharif ram K.Gupta Ghulam Yasin Nano-Technology Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryGLA UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh 281406India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research CenterPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKS 66762United States Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional UniversityRatibadBhopal 462044India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry School of SciencesIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar Pradesh 244102India Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguanGuangdong 523808China

Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern *** this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic *** concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many *** the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly *** review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current *** parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular *** facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Molecular catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Sabatier principle

The Crystal Structure Study of CaSrFe_0.75Co_0.75Mn_0.5O_6−δ by Neutron Diffraction

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 29-35页

作者： Amara Martinson Mandy Guinn ram krishna Hona Department of Environmental Science United Tribes Technical College Bismarck USA

The crystal structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ is investigated through neutron diffraction techniques in this study. The material is synthesized using a solid-state synthesis method at a temperature of 1200˚C. Neutron diffraction data is subjected to Rietveld refinement, and a comparative analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD) data is performed to unravel the structural details of the material. The findings reveal that the synthesized material exhibits a cubic crystal structure with a Pm-3m phase. The neutron diffraction results offer valuable insights into the arrangement of atoms within the lattice, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the material’s structural properties. This research enhances our knowledge of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ, with potential implications for its applications in various technological and scientific domains.

关键词： XRD Neutron Diffraction Perovskite Oxides Crystal Structure Solid-State Reaction

Influence of cerium ions on structure-dependent magnetic properties of Ba-Sr M-type hexaferrite nanocrystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 364-372,I0005页

作者： ram A.Pawar Sunil M.Patange P.M.Dighe Sher Singh Meena Abdullah GAl-Sehemi Mehboobali Pannipara Santosh S.Jadhav Department of Physics ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeAhmednagar413711MaharashtraIndia Department of Physics Shri Krishna MahavidyalayaGunjotiDistOsmanabad413606MaharashtraIndia Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science and CommercePravaranagarA/P.Loni(Kd)Tal.RahataDistAhmednagar413713MaharashtraIndia Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai400085MaharashtraIndia Department of Chemistry King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Department of Physics D.S.M's ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeJintur431509MaharashtraIndia

The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=*** hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared *** creation of the M-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray *** occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> *** refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter *** crystal structure plotted from the refined XRD data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice *** XPS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent *** nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's *** analysis of FTIR spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) *** morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEM profiles of the ferrite *** magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.M,and Mossbauer spectroscopy,*** hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the *** substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.

关键词： Ba-Sr hexaferrite Ce^(3+)substitution XPS Saturation magnetization Coercivity M?ssbauer spectroscopy

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On the spatio-temporal variation in b-value after 25 April 2015 Gorkha,Nepal earthquake

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第5期13卷 525-533页

作者： ram krishna Tiwari Harihar Paudyal Daya Shanker Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityBharatpurChitwanNepal Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia

In the present study,the spatial-temporal distribution of b-value along the five faults area(the Judi fault,Thaple fault,Kathmandu fault,Motihari-Gauri Shanker fault,and Motihari-Everest fault)was investigated after the Gorkha earthquake(M7.8).The earthquake catalog of 10,500 events was prepared by compiling the published *** study area is bounded in the central Himalaya from 26.5°to 29°in latitude direction and 84°to 87°in longitude *** frequency magnitude distribution shows the variation of the b-value along with fault areas from 0.45 to 0.69,indicating a common characteristic of aftershock *** particular,the Judi fault area,Thaple fault area,and Motihari-Everest fault area are characterized by the low b-values of 0.45±0.02,0.48±0.02,and 0.55±0.04,*** regions could be the source region for future *** low b-value observed for fault areas are also consistent with the thrust faulting pattern in the region as indicated by the focal mechanism of mainshock and major *** temporal variation of b-value shows inevitable fluctuations during25 April to 12 May *** the area selected,the Motihari-Everest fault area is in critical strain(mechanically locked)conditions,as indicated by the stepwise energy release pattern.

关键词： Frequency-magnitude distribution Time series analysis Thrust fault Stress Central Himalaya

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Gorkha earthquake (MW7.8) and aftershock sequence: A fractal approach

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Earthquake Science 2022年第3期35卷 193-204页

作者： ram krishna Tiwari Harihar Paudyal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44618Nepal Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityBharatpurChitwan 44200Nepal

On April 25, 2015, Nepal was struck by the MW7.8 Gorkha earthquake followed by an intense aftershock sequence. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the Himalayan arc, causing more than 8900 fatalities. In this study, we analyzed the dataset (429 events, magnitude of completeness (Mc) ≥ 4.2 local magnitude) of the first 45 days after the Gorkha earthquake to estimate the seismicity parameters b-value, D-value, and p-value. We used the maximum likelihood method to estimate the b-value and Omori-Utsu parameters, whereas the correlation integral method was applied to estimate the fractal dimension (D-value). The analysis was carried out using running and sliding window techniques. The lowest b-value (0.57 ± 0.04) and the highest D-value (1.65 ± 0.02) were computed at the time of the Gorkha earthquake, after which the b-value significantly increased to a maximum of 1.57. It again dropped to 0.93 at the time of the major aftershock on May 12, 2015. The D-value showed an initial quick drop and then decreased in a wavy pattern until the end of the study period, indicating the clustering and scattering of earthquakes in a fault region. The b-value contour map identified the eastern part of the study area as a high stress region (b = ~0.8), implying that the stress shifted to that region. The D-value contour map reveals that the seismogenic structure shifted from linear to planar in the region. The rate of aftershock decay (p = 0.86 ± 0.04) for a short period reflects that the level of stress decreased rapidly. This study helps to understand the level of stress and seismicity pattern of a region, which could be useful for aftershock studies.

关键词： Omori-Utsu law correlation integral fractal dimension b-value central Himalaya

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喜马拉雅东段及其周边地区地震b值和分形维数时空分布特征

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Applied Geophysics 2022年第3期19卷 458-469,472页

基于1964—2020年1373次地震(Mc=4.0),采用滑动窗口方法对喜马拉雅山脉东段及其周边地区(26°N–31°N和87°E–98°E)地震b值和分形维数时空特征进行分析。论文将研究区划分为3个子区,即A区(87°E–92°E),B区(92°E–94°E)和C区(94°... 详细信息

基于1964—2020年1373次地震(Mc=4.0),采用滑动窗口方法对喜马拉雅山脉东段及其周边地区(26°N–31°N和87°E–98°E)地震b值和分形维数时空特征进行分析。论文将研究区划分为3个子区,即A区(87°E–92°E),B区(92°E–94°E)和C区(94°E–98°E)。在A区包括尼泊尔东部,b值要高于其他区域,说明该区域可能存在高应力集聚和凹凸体。同时,A区地震具有高空间(Dc>1.5)和低时间分形维数(Dt<0.31),说明地震孕育断层接近于2维结构,且震中具有群聚群发特征。A区、C区地震b值与空间分形维度弱负相关,两者在B区则呈弱正相关。基于b值和分形维数,论文解释了喜马拉雅山脉东段孕震结构的时空变化的特征,可为理解区域强震发生规律提供理论基础。

关键词：喜马拉雅山脉东段断层 b值分形维度地震聚类

A Novel Approach Based on Hybrid Algorithm for Energy Efficient Cluster Head Identification in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第10期43卷 259-273页

作者： C.ram Kumar K.Murali krishna Mohammad Shabbir Alam K.Vigneshwaran Sridharan Kannan C.Bharatiraja Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr.N.G.P.Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641048India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyDuvvadaVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyJazan UniversityJizan45142Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of EngineeringTiruchirappalli621112India Department of Computer Science and Engineering JKK Munirajah College of TechnologyErode638506India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India

The Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)is a self-organizing network with random deployment of wireless nodes that connects each other for effective monitoring and data *** clustering technique employed to group the collection of nodes for data transmission and each node is assigned with a cluster *** major concern with the identification of the cluster head is the consideration of energy consumption and hence this paper proposes an hybrid model which forms an energy efficient cluster head in the Wireless Sensor *** proposed model is a hybridization of Glowworm Swarm Optimization(GSO)and Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithm for the better identification of cluster *** performance of the proposed model is compared with the existing techniques and an energy analysis is performed and is proved to be more efficient than the existing model with normalized energy of 5.35%better value and reduction of time complexity upto 1.46%.Above all,the proposed model is 16%ahead of alive node count when compared with the existing methodologies.

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster cluster head hybrid model glowworm swarm optimization artificial bee colony algorithm energy consumption

Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： ram Kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman Ajit Kumar Karna Basu Dev Pandey Chuman Lal Das krishna Prasad Paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal

喜马拉雅东段及其周边地区地震b值和分形维数时空分布特征（英文）

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Applied Geophysics 2022年第3期 458-469+472页

作者： ram krishna Tiwari Harihar Paudyal Daya Shanker Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan University Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

基于1964—2020年1373次地震(Mc=4.0)，采用滑动窗口方法对喜马拉雅山脉东段及其周边地区(26°N–31°N和87°E–98°E)地震b值和分形维数时空特征进行分析。论文将研究区划分为3个子区，即A区(87°E–92°E), B区(92°E–94°E)和C区(9... 详细信息

基于1964—2020年1373次地震(Mc=4.0)，采用滑动窗口方法对喜马拉雅山脉东段及其周边地区(26°N–31°N和87°E–98°E)地震b值和分形维数时空特征进行分析。论文将研究区划分为3个子区，即A区(87°E–92°E), B区(92°E–94°E)和C区(94°E–98°E)。在A区包括尼泊尔东部，b值要高于其他区域，说明该区域可能存在高应力集聚和凹凸体。同时，A区地震具有高空间(Dc>1.5)和低时间分形维数(Dt<0.31)，说明地震孕育断层接近于2维结构，且震中具有群聚群发特征。A区、C区地震b值与空间分形维度弱负相关，两者在B区则呈弱正相关。基于b值和分形维数，论文解释了喜马拉雅山脉东段孕震结构的时空变化的特征，可为理解区域强震发生规律提供理论基础。

关键词：喜马拉雅山脉东段断层 b值分形维度地震聚类