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Jatropha oil methyl ester and its blends used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 32-38页

作者： Y.v.Hanumantha Rao ram Sudheer voleti v.S.Hariharan A.v.Sitarama Raju Department of Mechanical Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah College of EngineeringGreen FieldsGuntur-522502Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of EngineeringMylavaramKrishna DtAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jawaharalal Nehru Technological University College of EngineeringKakinadaPin:533003Andhra PradeshIndia

Biomass derived vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for agricultural diesel *** of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high *** performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the transesterification *** this present work,the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Jatropha oil as the fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust *** fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity,calorific value,flash point,carbon residue and specific gravity were *** indicate that B25 has closer performance to diesel and B100 has lower brake thermal efficiency mainly due to its high viscosity compared to *** brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel and its blends was found to be slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at tested load conditions and there was no difference of efficiency between the biodiesel and its blended *** Jatropha biodiesel and its blended fuels,the exhaust gas temperature increased with the increase of power and amount of ***,its diesel blends showed reasonable efficiencies,lower smoke,CO_(2),CO and HC emissions.

关键词： Jatropha oil bio-fuels transesterification performance and emission characteristics

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Lap Welded Aluminum Alloy AA2014

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第5期28卷 414-426页

作者： S. Babu G.D. Janaki ram P.v. venkitakrishnan G. Madhusudhan Reddy K. Prasad Rao Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre Indian Space Research Organisation Tiruvananthapuram India Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Hyderabad India

Friction stir lap welds were produced in 3 mm thick Alclad sheets of Al alloy 2014-T4 using two different tools （with triangular and threaded taper cylindrical pins）. The effects of tool geometry on weld microstructure, lap-shear performance and failure mode were investigated. The pin profile was found to significantly influence the hook geometry, which in turn strongly influenced the joint strength and the failure mode. Welds produced in alloy 2014-T4 Alclad sheets by using triangular and threaded taper cylindrical tools exhibited an average lap-shear failure load of 16.5 and 19.5 kN, respectively, while the average failure load for standard riveted joints was only 3.4 kN. Welds produced in alloy 2014-T6 Alclad sheets and in alloy 2014-T4 bare sheets （i.e., no Alclad） were comparatively evaluated with those produced in alloy 2014-T4 Alclad sheets. While the welds made （with threaded taper cylindrical tool） in T6 and T4 conditions showed very similar lap-shear failure loads, the joint efficiency of the welds made in T6 condition （43%） was considerably lower （because of the higher base material strength） than those made in T4 condition （51%）. The Alclad layers were found to present no special problems in friction stir lap welding. Welds made with triangular tool in alloy 2014-T4 Alclad and bare sheets showed very similar lap-shear failure loads. The present work provides some useful insights into the use of friction stir welding for joining Al alloys in lap configuration.

关键词： Aluminum alloys Friction stir welding Lap joints Lap-shear testing

Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 222-229页

作者： Shailendra Raghuwanshi Swati misra Rajendra Kumar Saxena Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South CampusBenito Juarez Road New Delhi 110 021India

Background： Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw （WS） and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% （w/w） on WS followed by fermentation with Ganodermo sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein （CP） content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed. Results： Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% （w/v） tannic acid （TA） was initially used as a substrate in medium containing （% w/v） sucrose （1.0）, NaNO3 （1.0）, and MgSO4 （0.08 pH, 5.0） in a 300-L fermentor （working volume 220 L）, and concomitantly fed with 1.0% （w/v） TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% （w/w） tannase showed 37.8% （w/w） lignin degradation with only a 20.4% （w/w） decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content （up to 1.28-fold） along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained. Conclusions： The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.

关键词： Ganoderma sp High energy cattle feed Tannase Tannin free myco-straw

Macro to nanoscale deformation of transformation-induced plasticity steels：Impact of aluminum on the microstructure and deformation behavior

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第5期34卷 745-755页

作者： v.S.Y.Injeti Z.C.Li B.Yu R.D.K.misra Z.H.Cai H.Ding Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering500 W. University Avenue USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China

This work aims to elucidate the impact of aluminum-content on microstructure and deformation mechanisms of transformation-induced plasticity（TRIP） steels through macroscale and nanoscale deformation experiments combined with post-mortem electron microscopy of the deformed *** solid-state transformation-induced mechanical deformation varied with the Al contents,and influenced tensile strength-ductility *** with 2–4 wt% Al were characterized by TRIP *** contrast to 2 Al-TRIP and 4 Al-TRIP steels,twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） was also observed in conjunction with strain-induced martensite in 6 Al-TRIP *** behavior is attributed to the increase in stacking fault energy with the increase of Al content and stability of austenite,which depends on the local chemical *** study addresses the knowledge gap with regard to the effect of Al content on austenite stability in medium-Mn TRIP *** combination is expected to potentially enable cost-effective alloy design with high strength-high ductility condition.

关键词： Medium-manganese steels Aluminum content Electron microscopy Mechanical properties Nanoscale deformation TRIP steel Twinning

Reversing gastric mucosal alterations during ethanol-induced chronic gastritis in rats by oral administration of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4318-4324页

作者： Ricardo vázquez-ramírez Marisela Olguín-Martínez Carlos Kubli-Garfias Rolando Hernández-Mu■oz Depto.de Biología Celular y Fisiología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 70-243México D.F. 04510Mexico Depto.de Biología Celular Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 70-243México D.F. 04510Mxico Depto. de Biología Celular Institute de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 70-243México D.F. 04510Mxico

AIM： To study the effect of mucilage obtained from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica （Cactaceae） on the healing of ethanol-induced gastritis in rats. METHODS： Chronic gastric mucosa injury was treated with mucilage （5 mg/kg per day） after it was induced by ethanol. Lipid composition, activity of 5＇-nucleotidase （a membrane-associated ectoenzyme） and cytosolic activities of lactate and alcohol dehydrogenases in the plasma membrane of gastric mucosa were determined. Histological studies of gastric samples from the experimental groups were included. RESULTS： Ethanol elicited the histological profile of gastritis characterized by loss of the surface epithelium and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Phosphatidylcholine （PC） decreased and cholesterol content increased in plasma membranes of the gastric mucosa. In addition, cytosolic activity increased while the activity of alcohol dehydrogenases decreased. The administration of mucilage promptly corrected these enzymatic changes. In fact, mucilage readily accelerated restoration of the ethanol-induced histological alterations and the disturbances in plasma membranes of gastric mucosa, showing a univocal anti-inflammatory effect. The activity of 5＇-nucleotidase correlated with the changes in lipid composition and the fluidity of gastric mucosal plasma membranes. CONCLUSION： The beneficial action of mucilage seems correlated with stabilization of plasma membranes of damaged gastric mucosa. Molecular interactions between mucilage monosaccharides and membrane phospholipids, mainly PC and phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, may be the relevant features responsible for changing activities of membrane-attached proteins during the healing process after chronic gastric mucosal damage.

关键词： Gastritis Mucilage Chronic gastric mucosal injury Ethanol

Event-driven flood management:design and computational modules

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2016年第1期19卷 39-55页

作者： vinod Kumar Sharma G.Srinivasa Rao E.Amminedu P.v.Nagamani Abhinav Shukla K.ram Mohan Rao v.Bhanumurthy National Remote Sensing Centre ISRO HyderabadHyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Geo-Engineering Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia

Flood management is a set of activities that have to be carried out in collaboration with multiple *** flood information with early warning generated using remote sensing satellite technologies can help the agencies to effectively manage the situation on *** environmental parameters and forecasts provided by different agencies can be analyzed and compared with historical flood events for generating probable flood event *** information(environmental parameters)provided by the agencies are heterogeneous and noncompliant to standards and distributed in *** of data from distributed resources and automation of data analysis process for flood management is a primary prerequisite for faster and efficient *** 2.0-based web services enable data creation,sharing,communication,and collaboration on *** data sharing on web 2.0 for making quality of service using open-source software for efficient flood management is a *** software architectures proposed for risk and environmental crisis management are too generic in nature and needs lot of modification for flood *** event-driven model coupled with data standardization procedures using service-oriented architecture provides an effective framework for flood *** this paper,a framework capable of collecting heterogeneous distributed flood-related information for analyzing and alerting probable flood events is *** framework has been implemented to generate automatic flood extent maps,by analyzing the distributed satellite data(as service).The automation of flood delineation process reduces the overall flood product generation ***-source web tools have been utilized in development of spatial information system to visualize and analyze the actual situation on ground facilitating overall decision-making process.

关键词： Flood management software architectures service oriented architecture(SOA) event-based methods automation heterogeneous data

Lie group analysis, numerical and non-traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional diffusion–advection equation with variable coefficients

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 71-76页

作者： vikas Kumar R.K.Gupta ram Jiwari Department of Mathematics D.A.V.College Pundari School of Mathematics and Computer Applications Thapar University

In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.

关键词： diffusion-advection equation Lie group analysis numerical solutions extended (G'/G)-expansion method

Comparative study of green peas using with blanching & without blanching techniques

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第2期6卷 285-296页

作者： Om Prakash Pandey Bimal Kumar Mishra Ashok misra Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraRanchiIndia Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraRanchiIndia

This paper attempts to analyze the kinetics involved in the drying of green peas in‘with blanching’and‘without blanching’*** by hot water mixed with a solution of citric acid(0.1–0.2 mg/ml)at 70C–100C is the treatment provided to the samples of green *** analysis shows that the moisture content in green peas of three different sizes is reduced at different temperatures and demonstrates the effect of the rate of drying of the moisture *** different diameters and temperatures,the parameters are analyzed using‘with blanching’and‘without blanching’*** is observed that‘with blanching’process plays a significant role in the reduction of moisture content under different temperatures and diameters in a lesser time as compared to‘without blanching’.The operative activation energy and moisture diffusivity are described by using Fick’s law of *** calculation of effective moisture diffusivity can be done via the utilization of *** drying data is subjected to two models of mathematical nature:Simple Exponential model,and Page *** performance of these models is examined by means of comparing the coefficient of determination(R2),chi-square(v2)and root mean square error(RMSE)between the experimental and forecasted value of moisture ratio obtained‘with blanching’and‘without blanching’.The experimental data was seen to be in accordance with the Page *** comparisons of energy consumption,energy efficiency and also the cost of the drying processes for‘with blanching’and‘without blanching’have been accomplished to optimize and reduce process condition and the cost of the process,respectively.

关键词： Hot air drying Green peas Drying kinetics Blanching Fluidized bed dryer

Role of zonula occludens in gastrointestinal and liver cancers

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第12期10卷 3647-3661页

作者： Amit Kumar ram Balasubramaniyan vairappan Liver Diseases Research Lab Department of BiochemistryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherry 605006India

A growing body of evidence suggests that tight junction(TJ)proteins play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases,including gastrointestinal(GI)cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).TJ proteins primarily maintain the epithelial and endothelial cells intact together through integral proteins however,recent reports suggest that they also regulate gene expression necessary for cell proliferation,angiogenesis,and metastasis through adapter proteins such as zonula occludens(ZO).ZO proteins are membrane-associated cytosolic scaffolding proteins that modulate cell proliferation by interacting with several transcription *** ZO proteins in GI cancer and HCC are correlated with tumor development and poor *** has searched for using the keyword ZO and gastric cancer,ZO and cancer,and ZO and HCC for the last ten years to *** review summarized the role of ZO proteins in cell proliferation and their expression in GI cancer and ***,therapeutic interventions targeting ZO in GI and liver cancers are reviewed.

关键词： Tight junction Zonula occludens-1 Zonula occludens-1 associated nucleic acid binding protein Hepatocellular carcinoma Colon cancer Gastric cancer