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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Mn^(2+)-Doped Cadmium Formate Dihydrate Single Crystals

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 208-211页

作者： Indrajeet Mishra ram Kripal Sanjay misra EPR Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of AllahabadAllahabad21100 India 2Department of Physics Buddha P.G.CollegeKushinagar(U.P.)India

An electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)study on Mn^(2+)doped Cadmium formate dihydrate single crystals is carried *** EPR spectrum at room temperature exhibits only one out of five fine structural transitions which split into six hyperfine lines in all *** spectrum is simulated using the EasySpin program and evaluated spin Hamiltonian *** simulated EPR spectrum is in good agreement with the *** comparing direction cosines of spectroscopic splitting factor g and the direction cosines of different bonds determined by the crystal structure data it is found that Mn^(2+)enters the lattice substitutionally and only one Mn^(2+)site is *** obtained g and the hyperfine interaction constant A achieved are g=2.006±0.002,A=(98±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1)and the second-order axial zero-field splitting parameter D=(60±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1).

关键词： hydrate splitting spectrum

Soil nitrogen balance assessment and its application for sustainable agriculture and environment

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 843-855页

作者： Rabindra Nath Roy ram vimal misra Land and Water Development Division FAO Rome 00100Italy

Soil nitrogen balance assessment (SNBA) serves as an effective tool for estimating the magnitude of nitrogen loss/gain of the agro-eco systems and to appraise their sustainability. SNBA brings forth awareness of soil fertility problems, besides providing information relating to the resultant release of nitrogen into the environment consequent to agricultural practices. Quantitative information relating to nitrogen escape into the environment through such exercises can be gainfully utilized for identification of causative factors, enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and formulating programmes aimed at plugging N leakages. An overview of nitrogen balance approaches and methodologies is presented. A deeper understanding and insight into the agro-eco systems provided by the SNBA exercises can lay the basis for the formulation of effective agronomic interventions and policies aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture and a benign environment.

关键词： nitrogen balance soil fertility sustainable agriculture nutrient flows and macro meso and micro levels

Ileoscopy in 39 hematochezia patients with normal colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3101-3104页

作者： SP misra M Dwivedi v.misra Department of Gastroenterology and Pathology Moti Lal Nehru Medical College Allahabad 211001India

AIM： To assess the role of retrograde terminal ileoscopy in hematochezia patients with normal colonoscopy. METHODS： Between January 1997 and March 2005, 39 hematochezia patients （males 36, females 3, mean age 44.7 years） with a reported normal colonoscopy underwent a repeat colonoscopy. After reaching the cecum, attempt was made to localize the ileocecal valve and intubate the terminal ileum. Any abnormality in the mucosa of the terminal ileum was carefully recorded and biopsies were obtained from suspiciouslooking lesions. RESULTS： During the study period there were 39 patients admitted for hematochezia in whom colonoscopy till cecum did not reveal any abnormality. Fulllength colonoscopy till the cecum could be performed in all the patients. The terminal ileum could be intubated in 36 patients. No abnormality was noted in 31 patients. Ileal ulcers were noted in two patients. Noclularity along with ulceration of the ileal mucosa, a Dieulafoy＇s lesion, and an angiomatous malformation were noted in one patient each. Histological examination of the biopsies obtained from the ulcers revealed typical tuberculous lesion in the patient with nodularity and ulceration. One of the patients had typhoid ulcers and another had non-specific ulcers. CONCLUSION： Retrograde terminal ileoscopy gives limited but valuable information, in patients with hematochezia and should be attempted in all such patients.

关键词： Endoscopy Ileum Colon Diagnosis Tuberculosis Ulcer GI bleeding

A Constructive Use of ChatGPT in the Classroom:An Empirical Study

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2024年第4期4卷 318-324页

作者： ram B.misra Yang Li Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Feliciano School of BusinessMontclair State UniversityMontclairUSA

ChatGPT,launched on November 30,2022,has been adopted by the industries and academia *** have started using ChatGPT for classroom *** the search for the use of this tool for constructive purposes,the professor of a graduate class(MBA)on Supply Chain and Operations Management decided to require students to use ChatGPT to first generate some material for their term ***,ChatGPT generates one to two pages of original material for the student who is not well trained in using it,which was the case for the students in this ***,the students were asked to use the ChatGPT-generated material as a guide to writing a 10-page long paper with new references and citations added.A comparative study is conducted to determine the usefulness of ChatGPT on this *** preliminary results indicate that students found ChatGPT useful in generating their own ***,our analysis shows beginners of ChatGPT have limited capacity to generate high-quality content based on ***,text mining is conducted to compare the readability and information density of ChatGPT-generated content and student-generated content.

关键词： ChatGPT constructive use term paper

Low temperature friction stir welding of P91 steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第4期12卷 285-289页

作者： Prasad Rao KALvALA Javed AKram Mano misra Damodaram ramACHANDRAN Janaki ram GABBITA University of Utah Salt Lake City USA SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India

Bead-on-plate friction stir welds were made on P91 alloy with low and high rotational speeds(100 and 1000 RPM) to study their effects on weld microstructural changes and impression creep behavior. Temperatures experienced by the stir zone were recorded at the weld tool tip. Different zones of welds were characterized for their microstructural changes, hardness and creep behavior(by impression creep tests). The results were compared with submerged arc fusion weld. Studies revealed that the stir zone temperature with 100 RPM was well below A_(c1) temperature of P91 steel while it was above A_(c3) with 1000 RPM. The results suggest that the microstructural degradation in P91 welds can be controlled by low temperature friction stir welding technique.

关键词： Friction stir welding P91 Low temperature Martensite Carbides Impression creep

Downregulation of miRNA-21 and cancer stem cells after chemotherapy results in better outcome in breast cancer patients

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第4期14卷 310-313页

作者： Shailendra Dwivedi Puneet Pareek Jeewan ram vishnoi Praveen Sharma Sanjeev.misra Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur IndiaGorakhpur 273008Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Radiation Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Surgical Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Department of Surgical Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia King George’s Medical University Lucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia

Epigenetic modifications have been observed as a decline in miRNA-21 expression and breast cancer stem cell(CSC)population after 3 cycles of standard *** epigenetic response(miRNAs expression)and CSCs are also correlated in patients with Breast *** patients who tolerated chemotherapy well,miRNA-21(non-coding RNA)expression decreased significantly after three cycles of *** miRNA-21 expression in breast cancer tissue was quantified by quantitative PCR(real-time PCR)using the standard *** addition,breast CSCs(CD44+/CD24-)were also decreased in these *** miRNA-21 regulates cell division,proliferation,and autophagy of cancerous cells(as it targets phosphatase and tensin homolog/AKT/transcription factor EB/programmed cell death 4/autophagy-related protein 5 and chemotherapy also produces similar effects),thereby contributing to these ***,when all of the targets on genes have been explored by mimic miRNA,chemotherapy combined with anti-miRNA21 therapy may prove useful in the care of cancer patients.

关键词： Epigenetic modification miRNA-21 Breast carcinoma Autophagy Chemotherapy Breast cancer stem cells

Effect of temperature dependent viscosity on revolving axi-symmetric ferrofluid flow with heat transfer

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第11期33卷 1441-1452页

作者： P. ram v. KUMAR Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra Haryana 136119 India

The prime objective of the present study is to examine the effect of tempera- ture dependent viscosity/z（T） on the revolving axi-symmetric laminar boundary layer flow of an incompressible, electrically non-conducting ferrofiuid in the presence of a stationary plate subjected to a magnetic field and maintained at a uniform temperature. To serve this purpose, the non-linear coupled partial differential equations are firstly converted into the ordinary differential equations using well-known similarity transformations. The popular finite difference method is employed to discretize the non-linear coupled differ- ential equations. These discretized equations are then solved using the Newton method in MATLAB, for which an initial guess is made with the help of the Flex PDE Solver. Along with the velocity profiles, the effects of temperature dependent viscosity are also examined on the skin friction, the heat transfer, and the boundary layer displacement thickness. The obtained results are presented numerically as well as graphically.

关键词： ferrofluid temperature dependent viscosity boundary layer axi-symmetry,magnetic field

A critique of supernova data analysis in cosmology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1195-1198页

作者： ram Gopal vishwakarma Jayant v. Narlikar Unidad Académica de Matemáticas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

Observational astronomy has shown significant growth over the last decade and has made important contributions to cosmology. A major paradigm shift in cosmology was brought about by observations of Type Ia supernovae. The notion that the universe is accelerating has led to several theoretical challenges. Unfortunately, although high-quality supernovae data-sets are being produced, their statistical anal- ysis leaves much to be desired. Instead of using the data to directly test the model, several studies seem to concentrate on assuming the model to be correct and limiting themselves to estimating model parameters and internal errors. As shown here, the important purpose of testing a cosmological theory is thereby vitiated.

关键词： cosmology: observations -- supernovae Ia: general