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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Mn^(2+)-Doped Cadmium Formate Dihydrate Single Crystals

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 208-211页

作者： Indrajeet Mishra ram Kripal Sanjay misra EPR Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of AllahabadAllahabad21100 India 2Department of Physics Buddha P.G.CollegeKushinagar(U.P.)India

An electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)study on Mn^(2+)doped Cadmium formate dihydrate single crystals is carried *** EPR spectrum at room temperature exhibits only one out of five fine structural transitions which split into six hyperfine lines in all *** spectrum is simulated using the EasySpin program and evaluated spin Hamiltonian *** simulated EPR spectrum is in good agreement with the *** comparing direction cosines of spectroscopic splitting factor g and the direction cosines of different bonds determined by the crystal structure data it is found that Mn^(2+)enters the lattice substitutionally and only one Mn^(2+)site is *** obtained g and the hyperfine interaction constant A achieved are g=2.006±0.002,A=(98±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1)and the second-order axial zero-field splitting parameter D=(60±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1).

关键词： hydrate splitting spectrum

Soil nitrogen balance assessment and its application for sustainable agriculture and environment

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 843-855页

作者： Rabindra Nath Roy ram Vimal misra Land and Water Development Division FAO Rome 00100Italy

Soil nitrogen balance assessment (SNbA) serves as an effective tool for estimating the magnitude of nitrogen loss/gain of the agro-eco systems and to appraise their sustainability. SNbA brings forth awareness of soil fertility problems, besides providing information relating to the resultant release of nitrogen into the environment consequent to agricultural practices. Quantitative information relating to nitrogen escape into the environment through such exercises can be gainfully utilized for identification of causative factors, enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and formulating programmes aimed at plugging N leakages. An overview of nitrogen balance approaches and methodologies is presented. A deeper understanding and insight into the agro-eco systems provided by the SNbA exercises can lay the basis for the formulation of effective agronomic interventions and policies aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture and a benign environment.

关键词： nitrogen balance soil fertility sustainable agriculture nutrient flows and macro meso and micro levels

Low temperature friction stir welding of P91 steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第4期12卷 285-289页

作者： Prasad Rao KALVALA Javed AKram Mano misra Damodaram ramACHANDRAN Janaki ram GAbbITA University of Utah Salt Lake City USA SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India

bead-on-plate friction stir welds were made on P91 alloy with low and high rotational speeds(100 and 1000 RPM) to study their effects on weld microstructural changes and impression creep behavior. Temperatures experienced by the stir zone were recorded at the weld tool tip. Different zones of welds were characterized for their microstructural changes, hardness and creep behavior(by impression creep tests). The results were compared with submerged arc fusion weld. Studies revealed that the stir zone temperature with 100 RPM was well below A_(c1) temperature of P91 steel while it was above A_(c3) with 1000 RPM. The results suggest that the microstructural degradation in P91 welds can be controlled by low temperature friction stir welding technique.

关键词： Friction stir welding P91 Low temperature Martensite Carbides Impression creep

Downregulation of miRNA-21 and cancer stem cells after chemotherapy results in better outcome in breast cancer patients

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第4期14卷 310-313页

作者： Shailendra Dwivedi Puneet Pareek Jeewan ram Vishnoi Praveen Sharma Sanjeev misra biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur IndiaGorakhpur 273008Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Radiation Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Surgical Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Department of biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia Department of Surgical Oncology All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpur 342005RajasthanIndia King George’s Medical University Lucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia

Epigenetic modifications have been observed as a decline in miRNA-21 expression and breast cancer stem cell(CSC)population after 3 cycles of standard *** epigenetic response(miRNAs expression)and CSCs are also correlated in patients with breast *** patients who tolerated chemotherapy well,miRNA-21(non-coding RNA)expression decreased significantly after three cycles of *** miRNA-21 expression in breast cancer tissue was quantified by quantitative PCR(real-time PCR)using the standard *** addition,breast CSCs(CD44+/CD24-)were also decreased in these *** miRNA-21 regulates cell division,proliferation,and autophagy of cancerous cells(as it targets phosphatase and tensin homolog/AKT/transcription factor Eb/programmed cell death 4/autophagy-related protein 5 and chemotherapy also produces similar effects),thereby contributing to these ***,when all of the targets on genes have been explored by mimic miRNA,chemotherapy combined with anti-miRNA21 therapy may prove useful in the care of cancer patients.

关键词： Epigenetic modification miRNA-21 breast carcinoma Autophagy Chemotherapy breast cancer stem cells

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一种可能的类热态──双温态

北京师范大学学报（自然科学版） 1995年第2期31卷 269-270页

作者：赵峥朱建阳王永成 b.misra 北京师范大学物理学系抚州师范专科学校物理学系 Sehool of Physical Sciences Jawaharlal Nebru UniversityNew-DelhtIndia

一种可能的类热态──双温态赵峥，朱建阳，王永成，Ｂ．Ｍｉｓｒａ（北京师范大学物理学系，１００８７５，北京；抚州师范专科学校物理学系，３４４０００，江西抚州；ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｊａｗａｈ... 详细信息

一种可能的类热态──双温态赵峥，朱建阳，王永成，Ｂ．Ｍｉｓｒａ（北京师范大学物理学系，１００８７５，北京；抚州师范专科学校物理学系，３４４０００，江西抚州；ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＪａｗａｈａｒｌａｌＮｅｈｒｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...

关键词： bogolubov变换 Rindler观测者双温态类热态

Potential cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 778-788页

作者： ram b. Shrestha Megha N. Parajulee Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center 1102 E. FM 1294 Lubbock TX 79403 United States

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, was determined by assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the laboratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady beetle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total available time, indicating that convergent lady beetles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding by regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age-specific mortality in absence of prey revealed that lady beetles could survive for an extended period of time （more than 2 weeks） without prey. The ability of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the rebound of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural biological control. A two-year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders （27%） were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed by convergent lady beetles （23.5%）, hooded beetles （13.5%）, minute pirate bugs （11%）, green lacewings （9.5%）, bigeyed bugs （7.5%）, scymnus beetles （3%）, soft-winged flower beetles （2%）, damsel bugs （1.5%）, and assassin bugs （1.5%）. A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population below economic threshold for the entire growing season.

关键词： Aphis gossypii biological control cotton IPM functional response Hippo-damia convergens natural suppression

Industrial Structural Changes in Hong Kong,China under One Country,Two Systems Framework

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第3期22卷 302-318页

作者： Simon Xiaobin ZHAO Carola b ramóN-bERJANO International Center for China Development Studies & Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciencesthe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated busi- ness and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region, since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems （OCTS） in 1997. This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial struc- tural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities, The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland＇s cities as the rise of China, the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world wilt brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.

关键词： economic transformation Hong Kong industrial structural changes One Country Two Systems

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE DEPLETION OF FORESTRY RESOURCES DUE TO POPULATION AND POPULATION PRESSURE AUGMENTED INDUSTRIALIZATION

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第1期5卷 186-201页

作者： A.K.misra KUSUM LATA J.b.SHUKLA Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India bIT BIIFR&DBhabha Group of Institutions Kanpur(Rural)-209204India

In this paper,a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the depletion of forestry resources caused simultaneously by population and population pressure augmented *** control of population pressure,using economic efforts is also considered in the modeling *** is assumed that cumulative biomass density of forestry resources and the density of population follow logistic *** is further assumed that the density of population and the level of industrialization increase as the cumulative biomass density of forestry resources *** cumulative density of economic efforts,which are applied to control the population pressure,is considered to be proportional to the population *** model analysis shows that as the population pressure increases,the level of industrialization increases leading to decrease in the cumulative biomass density of forestry *** is found that if population pressure is controlled by using some economic efforts,the decrease in cumulative biomass density of forestry resources can be made much less than the case when no control is *** is also noted that if the population pressure augmented industrialization increases without control,the forestry resources may become extinct.

关键词： Mathematical model forestry resources population pressure industrialization economic efforts stability