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A Generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array Geometry With novel Trapezoidal Switching

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1967-1972页

作者： Gopi ram Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)*** various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication *** work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time *** time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over ***,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(SLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CSO)approach.

关键词： Hexagonal array geometry radiation pattern time-modulation trapezoidal pulse

A Probabilistic Trust Model and Control Algorithm to Protect 6G networks against Malicious Data Injection Attacks in Edge Computing Environments

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 631-654页

作者： Borja Bordel Sánchez ramón Alcarria Tomás Robles Department of Computer Systems Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain Department of Geospatial Engineering Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain

Future 6G communications are envisioned to enable a large catalogue of pioneering *** will range from networked Cyber-Physical Systems to edge computing devices,establishing real-time feedback control loops critical for managing Industry 5.0 deployments,digital agriculture systems,and essential *** provision of extensive machine-type communications through 6G will render many of these innovative systems autonomous and *** full automation will enhance industrial efficiency significantly,it concurrently introduces new cyber risks and *** particular,unattended systems are highly susceptible to trust issues:malicious nodes and false information can be easily introduced into control ***,Denialof-Service attacks can be executed by inundating the network with valueless *** anomaly detection schemes require the entire transformation of the control software to integrate new steps and can only mitigate anomalies that conform to predefined mathematical *** based on an exhaustive data collection to detect anomalies are precise but extremely *** models,with their limited understanding of mobile networks,can achieve precision rates no higher than 75%.Therefore,more general and transversal protection mechanisms are needed to detect malicious behaviors *** paper introduces a probabilistic trust model and control algorithm designed to address this *** model determines the probability of any node to be *** channels are pruned for those nodes whose probability is below a given *** trust control algorithmcomprises three primary phases,which feed themodel with three different probabilities,which are weighted and ***,anomalous nodes are identified using Gaussian mixture models and clustering ***,traffic patterns are studied using digital Bessel functions and the functional scalar ***,the in

关键词： 6G networks noise injection attacks Gaussian mixture model Bessel function traffic filter Volterra filter

Seedling potential of trees species along the elevational gradient in temperate hill forest of central nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1329-1344页

作者： DAnI ram Sharan BAnIYA Chitra Bahadur Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

regeneration status of tree species along elevation gradient in temperate hill forest was not understood *** research examined the tree diversity and its regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient in temperate hill forest,central *** were collected from 300 sample plots within vertical elevation bands of 10,ranging from 1365 to 2450 m asl.A random sampling method was used for data collection in three seasons,winter,pre-monsoon and post monsoon *** at breast height(DBH)was used to broadly categorize the plant individual into trees,saplings and *** tree species richness ranged from 12 to 25 with density of 350 to 1200 individuals per *** richness of tree and sapling showed statistically significant unimodal pattern,which peaked at *** showed a strong and positive linear correlation with the seedling density(Deviance=0.99,pnd a significant hump-shaped relationship with sapling density(Deviance=0.95,pns showed a statistically significant negative hump-shaped relationship with all trees,saplings and seedling stages(Deviances=0.89,0.87 and 0.57).The highest values of the Shannon-Wiener index and the lowest value of the Simpson index were found at mid-elevation for all growth *** 92%of tree species were found at regenerating stage;49%in a good renewal regeneration status,32%in fair renewal regeneration,and 11%at a poor regenerating ***,4%of tree species were reported as non-regenerating stages and 4%were newly introduced ***,the regeneration status of the study area was considered fairly well since sapling(78.5%)>seedling(10.6%)≤mature(10.9%).Among tested environmental variables,elevation and annual mean rainfall were the most influential factors in the regeneration of tree species.

关键词： regeneration potential Chandragiri hill Altitudinal gradient Species diversity Tree species richness

Exploratory study on microRnA profiles from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

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Translational neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 382-398页

作者： Ana Gámez-Valero Jaume Campdelacreu Dolores Vilas Lourdes Ispierto ramón reñé ramiroÁlvarez MPilar Armengol Francesc E.Borràs Katrin Beyer Department of Pathology Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol(IGTP)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalona 08916Spain reMAR-IVECAT group Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol(IGTP)08916 BadalonaSpain Department of neurology Hospital Universitari de BellvitgeL’Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907Spain Department of neurology Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol08916 BadalonaSpain Genomic and Microscopy facilities Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol(IGTP)08916 BadalonaSpain Department of Cell Biology Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona(UAB)BarcelonaSpain

Background:Because of the increasing life expectancy in our society,aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are one of the main issues in global *** of these diseases are characterized by the deposition of misfolded proteins and a progressive cognitive *** these diseases,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB)are the most common types of degenerative *** both show specific features,an important neuropathological and clinical overlap between them hampers their correct *** this work,we identified molecular biomarkers aiming to improve the misdiagnosis between both ***:Plasma extracellular vesicles(EVs)-from DLB,AD and healthy controls-were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography(SEC)and characterized by flow cytometry,nanoparticle Tracking Analysis(nTA)and cryo-electron *** Generation Sequencing(nGS)and related bibliographic search was performed and a selected group of EV-associated microRnAs(miRnAs)was analysed by ***:results uncovered two miRnAs(hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-21-5p)significantly down-regulated in AD samples respect to DLB patients,and a set of four miRnAs(hsa-miR-23a-3p,hsa-miR-126-3p,hsa-let-7i-5p,and hsamiR-151a-3p)significantly decreased in AD respect to *** two miRnAs showing decreased expression in AD in comparison to DLB provided area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.9 in ROC curve analysis,thus suggesting their possible use as biomarkers to discriminate between both *** gene analysis of these miRnAs using prediction online tools showed accumulation of phosphorylation enzymes,presence of proteasome-related proteins and genes involved in cell death among ***:Our data suggest that plasma-EV associated miRnAs may reflect a differential profile for a given dementia-related disorder which,once validated in larger cohorts of patients,could help to improve the differential diagnosis of DLB versus AD.

关键词： neurodegenerative disorders Biomarker Exosomes next generation sequencing Extracellular vesicles

Wood anatomical acclimation in the endemic genus Polylepis in Peruvian Andean forests

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2986-3000页

作者： Anthony GUERRA Fressia n.AMES-MARTÍnEZ Ernesto C.RODRÍGUEZ-ramÍreZ Postgraduate Programme in Agronomy/Plant Physiology Department of Biology-Institute of natural Sciences Federal University of LavrasLavras 37203-202Minas Gerais 30000-31999Brazil Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Continental UniversitySan Antonio UrbanizationHuancayo 12000Peru Ecology and Biodiversity research Programme ANDINUS AssociationMiguel Grau Street 370Huancayo 12000Peru Dendrochronology Laboratory Continental UniversitySan Carlos Avenue 1980Huancayo 12000Peru

Polylepis(Queñua)is a dominant woody plant genus in Andean Puna forests that occurs in a wide range of montane habitats and is ecologically diverse in endemism,which may be particularly threatened by climate *** anatomical traits are essential for understanding how plants adjust their ecophysiological requirements and maximize their resilience,resistance,and recovery to extreme *** the effects of extreme climatic conditions in high altitude ecosystems have been studied extensively,our knowledge is relatively limited to quantitative differences in the main xylem *** address this gap,we assessed the acclimation of wood anatomical traits in six Peruvian Andean Polylepis species with different water availability(semi-dry with high moisture and semiarid with dry winters).We selected hydraulic diameter,vessel density,vessel grouping index,solitary vessel index,vulnerability index,mesomorphy index,vessel element length,fiber length,fiber wall thickness,fiber lumen diameter,and total fiber diameter that can provide relevant eco-wood anatomical acclimation to hydric *** performed multivariate analysis to determine the leading dimensions of covariation among Polylepis species and climatic *** wood anatomical traits(vessel grouping index,vulnerability index,and fiber wall thickness)were dissimilar between xeric-and mesic-Polyelpis *** study demonstrates that wood anatomical traits in Peruvian Andean Polylepis species provides high-resolution and long-term eco-wood anatomical signals on how climate oscillations drive the acclimation processes of fiber and vessel *** findings underscore the significance of xylem hydraulic adjustment to various hydrological environments in Andean puna *** evaluating the effects of drought on wood anatomical characteristics and ecological function,we demonstrate the capacity of tree species to adapt and endure climate-related changes,thereby emphasizing their resilience and ada

关键词： Carlquist indices Climatic resilience Vessel traits Fiber Functional trait Hydric stress

Development of novel 5-FU modified siRnA against BCL-2 with enhanced efficacy and vehicle-free cellular uptake

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 23-25页

作者： Andrew Fesler Ga-ram Hwang Jingfang Ju Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA The northport Veteran's Administration Medical Center NorthportNY 11768USA Curamir Therapeutics Inc. WoburnMA 01801USA

One of the major obstacles for nucleic acid-based medicine is cellular uptake due to the concern of efficiencyand potential toxicity of the *** this work,we developed a novel approach to eliminate the need for a vehicle to allow for the cellular uptake of siRnA-based therapy with a unique modification strategy that also further enhances therapeutic *** discovery may be of great importance for the development of siRnA-based therapeutics as cellular uptake remains a critical *** this study,we have tested the potential of this modification strategy for siRnA using a siRnA that targets B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2).

关键词： eliminate uptake modified

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

MicroRnA-630:A promising avenue for alleviating inflammation in diabetic kidney disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1398-1403页

作者： Javier Donate-Correa Ainhoa González-Luis Jésica Díaz-Vera Juan ramón Hernandez-Fernaud research Unit University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria(UHNSC)Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010Spain Department of Biochemistry MicrobiologyCell Biology and GeneticsInstituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife 38000Spain

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the complications of diabetes,affecting millions of people *** relentless progression of this condition can lead to kidney failure,requiring life-altering interventions such as dialysis or *** evidence suggests that immunologic and inflammatory elements play an important role in initiating and perpetuating the damage inflicted on renal tissues,exacerbating the decline in organ ***-like receptors(TLRs)are a family of receptors that play a role in the activation of the innate immune system by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular *** data from in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the critical role of TLRs,mainly TLR2 and TLR4,in the pathogenesis of *** the diabetic milieu,these TLRs recognize diabetic-associated molecular signals,triggering a proinflammatory cascade that initiates and perpetuates inflammation and fibrogenesis in the diabetic *** non-traditional strategies targeting TLR signaling with potential therapeutic implications in DKD have been *** of these approaches is the use of microRnAs,small non-coding RnAs that can regulate gene *** editorial comments on the results of this approach carried out in a rat model of diabetes by Wu et al,published in this issue of the World Journal of *** results of the experimental study by Wu et al shows that microRnA-630 decreased levels compared to non-diabetic ***,microRnA-630 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys of diabetic rats through the modulation of *** findings indicate that the microRnA-630/TLR4 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of DKD and a potential therapeutic target capable of curbing the destructive inflammation characteristic of DKD.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic kidney disease Inflammation Toll-like receptor 4 microRnA-630

HVSR analysis of pumice sands for sediment depth characterization:A case study for Guadalajara,Mexico

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 577-591页

作者： Hafid Salgado M. Alejandro ramírez-Gaytan Adolfo Preciado Christian R.Escudero Departamento de Ciencias Exactas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMéxico Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.44430 GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Departamento del Hábitat y Desarrollo Urbano Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente(ITESO)CP.45604 TlaquepaqueMéxico

The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)methodology is used here to characterize pumice soils and to image the three-dimensional surface geometry of Guadalajara,*** to other Latin American cities,Guadalajara is exposed to high seismic risk,with the particularity of being the largest urban settlement in Latin America built on pumice *** has not yet been tested to characterize subsoil depths in pumice *** to the questionable use of traditional geotechnical tests for the analysis of pumice soils,HVSR provides an alternative for its characterization without altering its fragile and porous *** this work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak amplitude(A0)are used to constrain the depth of the major impedance contrast that represents the interface between bedrock and pumice *** were compared with borehole depths and other available geotechnical and geophysical data and show good *** of the profiles estimated on the riverbanks that cross the city,reveals different subsoil thickness that could have an impact on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual *** and academic efforts are combined in this work to characterize depth sediments,an important parameter that impacts the regulations for construction in the city.

关键词： subsoil of Guadalajara shallow soil thickness bedrock depth pumice soil characterization