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Between a Rock and a Dry Place： The Water-stressed Moss

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 478-486页

作者： Audra J. Charron ralph s. Quatrano Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis 1 Brookings Dr. St Louis MO 63130 USA

The earliest land plants faced a suite of abiotic stresses largely unknown to their aquatic algal ancestors. The descendants of these plants evolved two general mechanisms for survival in the relatively arid aerial environment. While the vascular plants or ＇tracheophytes＇ developed tissue specializations to transport and retain water, the other main lineages of land plants, the bryophytes, retained a simple, nonvascular morphology. The bryophytes--mosses, hornworts, and liverworts--continually undergo a co-equilibration of their water content with the surrounding environment and rely to a great extent on intrinsic cellular mechanisms to mitigate damage due to water stress. This short review will focus on the cellular and molecular responses to dehydration and rehydration in mosses, and offer insights into general plant responses to water stress.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress ABA poikilohydry Tortula ruralis bryophytes Physcomitrella patens.

Author Meets Critics： Discussions on Roger T. Ames＇s Confuc/an Role Eth/cs： A Vocabulary——William Keli＇i Akina, Daniel A. Bell, sarah Mattice, May sim, ralph Weber, WEN Haiming, and ZHANG Xianglong, with Responses by Roger T. Ames

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2012年第4期7卷 598-599页

作者： ralph Weber WEN Haiming

Roger T. Ames, who teaches at the University of Hawai＇i at Manoa, is beyond any doubt one of the most prominent and original voices in current discourse on Chinese philosophy. For decades he has been extremely active in advocating an understanding of ancient Chinese texts that is explicitly philosophical, that is, it speaks directly to the philosophically minded （and not primarily to the philologically oriented sinologist）. Despite this clearly confined group of addressees, he speaks decidedly not in the terminology most familiar to practitioners of dominant or mainstream Westem philosophy. Although he frequently draws contrasts and analogies with more familiar figures and more general features of Western philosophy, his favorite approach makes it a point--in fact, the central point--to give Chinese philosophy a voice of its own and thus to read its texts ＂on their own terms＂（to be understood in its double meaning as conditions and vocabulary）. But, as Ames is very much aware, translating these texts on these terms still requires a vocabulary that is not their ＂own＂-and he has thus chosen dominantly the vocabulary of early American pragmatism as the most useful in articulating what he perceives are the sensibilities of Chinese philosophy. With his many interpretative studies and philosophical translations （often co-authored with David L. Hall and Henry Rosemont Jr.）, he has pushed the frontiers of Chinese philosophy as much as of philosophy in China in various ways and into various directions--something that has found an impressive echo both in terms of followers （many relate a story that they initially became interested in Chinese philosophy by having read, say, Hall and -Ames＇s Thinking Through Confucius） and in terms of critics, who have taken issue with particular translations, the overall approach, or with both.

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Principles of carbon nanotube dielectrophoresis

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2188-2206页

作者： Wenshan Li Frank Hennrich Benjamin s.Flavel simone Dehm Manfred Kappes ralph Krupke Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute of Materials science Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany school of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo.800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240Chin

Dielectrophoresis(DEP)describes the motion of suspended objects when exposed to an inhomogeneous electric *** has been successful as a method for parallel and site-selective assembling of nanotubes from a dispersion into a sophisticated device *** have conducted extensive works to understand the DEP of nanotubes in aqueous ionic surfactant ***,only recently,DEP was applied to polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)in organic solvents due to the availability of ultra-pure sWCNT *** this paper,the focus is on the difference between the DEP in aqueous and organic *** starts with an introduction into the DEP of carbon nanotubes(CNT-DEP)to provide a comprehensive,in-depth theoretical background before discussing in detail the experimental procedures and *** academic interests,this work focuses on the CNT-DEP deposition scheme,discusses the importance of the electrical double layer,and employs finite element simulations to optimize CNT-DEP deposition condition with respect to the experimental *** important outcome is an understanding of why DEP in organic solvents allows for the deposition and alignment of sWCNTs in low-frequency and even static electric fields,and why the response of semiconducting sWCNTs(s-sWCNTs)is strongly enhanced in non-conducting,weakly polarizable *** to further improve CNT-DEP for s-sWCNT-relevant applications are given as ***,this work should serve as a practical guideline to select the appropriate setting for effective CNT DEPs.

关键词： single-walled carbon nanotubes hydrodynamics assembly deposition alignment polarizability dielectrophoresis

Review of the applications of Multiangle Imaging spectroRadiometer to air quality research

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science China Earth sciences 2009年第1期52卷 132-144页

作者： ralph A.KAHN Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA

The Multiangle Imaging spectroRadiometer(MIsR) launched by NAsA in late 1999 has a unique mul-tiangle design,which points nine cameras at fixed angles along the satellite flight track and collects reflected solar radiation *** design allows the retrieval of a rich dataset of particle abundance,shape and composition over both land and *** of its capabilities have not been seen by any currently operating satellite aerosol *** MIsR is sensitive to fine particles,it provides a new data source to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality over large geographical *** first briefly introduce the MIsR instrument,the retrieval and structure of MIsR aerosol data,and then review the applications of MIsR aerosol data in various aspects of air quality research since its *** include the spatial distributions of particle pollution events such as dust storms,wild fires,and urban *** of the high quality of MIsR aerosol data,they can be used as quantitative indicators of particle pollution *** review the current modeling studies of surface level particle ***,we introduce research results using MIsR's advanced data such as the plume heights,and particle microphysical *** the discussion,we compare MIsR research with current MODIs research to the best of our ability as MODIs data have been more extensively explored by the Chinese scientific ***,we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of MIsR data related to its applications to the air quality *** the highly quantitative measurements and comprehensive aerosol information MIsR can provide,we believe that it will provide great values to advance our understanding of the particle air pollution in China.

关键词： aerosol remote sensing MIsR multiangle imaging aerosol optical thickness particulate matters PM2.5 PM10 air pollution

The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1105-1120页

作者： Nadine Tiller ralph Bock Max-Planck-Institut for Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70s ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.

关键词： plastid translation ribosome ribosomal protein evolution plastid transformation retrograde signaling leaf development palisade cell.

A rapid absorbance-based growth assay to screen the toxicity of oligomer Aβ42 and protect against cell death in yeast

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1931-1936页

作者： Prashant Bharadwaj ralph Martins Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia school of Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute(CHIRI)Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia school of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.University of Western Australia Western AustraliaAustralia school of Biomedical science Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia

Multiple lines of evidence show that soluble oligomer forms of amyloidβprotein(Aβ42)are the most neurotoxic species in the brain and correlates with the degree of neuronal loss and cognitive deficit in Alzheimer’s *** many studies have used mammalian cells to investigate oligomer Aβ42 toxicity,the use of more simple eukaryotic cellular systems offers advantages for large-scale screening *** have previously established and validated budding yeast,saccharomyces cerevisiae to be a simple and a robust model to study the toxicity of Aβ.Using colony counting based methods,oligomeric Aβ42 was shown to induce dose-dependent cell death in *** have adapted this method for high throughput screening by developing an absorbance-based growth *** further validated the assay with treatments previously shown to protect oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death in mammalian and yeast *** assay offers a platform for studying underlying mechanisms of oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death using gene deletion/overexpression libraries and developing novel agents that alleviate Aβ42 induced cell death.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid toxicity autophagy Aβ42 oligomer high-throughput screening latrepirdine neuroprotection yeast model

Evaluation for small Visual Difference Between Conforming Meshes on strain Field

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 65-75页

作者：边哲胡事民 ralph R.Martin Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University school of Computer science Cardiff UniversityCardiffU.K.

This paper gives a method of quantifying small visual differences between 3D mesh models with conforming topology, based on the theory of strain fields. strain field is a geometric quantity in elasticity which is used to describe the deformation of elastomer. In this paper we consider the 3D models as objects with elasticity. The further demonstrations are provided： the first is intended to give the reader a visual impression of how our measure works in practice; and the second is to give readers a visual impression of how our measure works in evaluating filter algorithms. Our experiments show that our difference estimates are well correlated with human perception of differences. This work has applications in the evaluation of 3D mesh watermarking, 3D mesh compression reconstruction, and 3D mesh filtering.

关键词： 3D conforming meshes mesh comparison perception strain fields

Molecular data resolve a new order of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales and composed of black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 113-137页

作者： Damien Ertz James D.Lawrey ralph s.Common Paul Diederich Jardin botanique national de Belgique Domaine de BouchoutB-1860 MeiseBelgium Department of Environmental science and Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA 534 Fenton st LansingMI 48910USA P.Diederich Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg

Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified genus Phaeosporobolus and to the teleomorph-typified genus Lichenostigma were isolated in pure culture or sequenced directly,with nuLsU and mtssU sequences *** analyses place the species of Phaeosporobolusin a strongly supported clade with the generic type of Lichenostigma(***),the genus Phaeococcomyces and several melanized rock-inhabiting *** strongly supported nonlichenized lineage is sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales in the Arthoniomycetes and is here described as the *** new order is characterized by cells multiplying by budding,either representing black yeasts,or species in which conidiomata and ascomata are entirely made of an organised agglomeration of spherical yeast-like *** way of life is not only very different from all other Arthoniomycetes that exist only in the mycelial stage,but ascomata and conidiomata representing a dense and organised agglomeration of yeast cells might be unique amongst fungi.A further difference with the Arthoniales is the absence of *** results suggest that Phaeosporobolus usneae is the asexual stage of Lichenostigma *** species of Phaeosporobolus are transferred to the genus Lichenostigma except ***,for which the new genus Etayoa is *** genus Diederimyces is reduced into synonymy with *** other members of Lichenostigma are placed in the Dothideomycetes and are intermixed with Lichenothelia species.

关键词： Anamorphic fungi Arthoniomycetes Dothideomycetes Lichenostigmatales Phaeococcomycetaceae Yeasts

3D Morphing Using strain Field Interpolation

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2007年第1期22卷 147-155页

作者：严寒冰胡事民 ralph R Martin National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of China Beijing 100029 China Department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China school of Computer science Cardiff University Cardiff U.K.

In this paper, we present a new technique based on strain fields to carry out 3D shape morphing for applications in computer graphics and related areas. strain is an important geometric quantity used in mechanics to describe the deformation of objects. We apply it in a novel way to analyze and control deformation in morphing. Using position vector fields, the strain field relating source and target shapes can be obtained. By interpolating this strain field between zero and a final desired value we can obtain the position field for intermediate shapes. This method ensures that the 3D morphing process is smooth. Locally, volumes suffer minimal distortion, and no shape jittering or wobbling happens： other methods do not necessarily have these desirable properties. We also show how to control the method so that changes of shape （in particular, size changes） vary linearly with time.

关键词： morphing strain field interpolation