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Symbiotic chemo- and immuno-therapy for hepatitis B and C viruses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5623-5626页

作者： Babita Agrawal rakesh kumar Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta

Hepatitis B and C viruses(HBV and HCV), both cause serious chronic infections leading to fatal liver diseases. The prototype therapy for both HBV and HCV was based on IFN-α with or without ribavirin. The advent of direct-acting antivirals(DAA) for both HBV and HCV has remarkably improved the standard of treatment for both infections. While HCV can be eliminated following combination DAA therapy, HBV persists even after treatment, requiring life-long therapy with DAAs. Treatment with DAAs is also associated with high cost, the development of resistance and side effects. There is ample published evidence that both HBV and HCV can be eliminated from infected host cells through noncytolytic immune mechanisms. We need to identify the mechanisms behind this successful elimination of replicating viruses and develop them into novel immunotherapeutic regimens. Moreover, a synergy of, chemo- and immuno-therapeutic strategies will be necessary to eradicate HBV or HCV from a host.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis B virus Directacting antiviral Chemotherapy Immunotherapy

Friction and wear behavior of Cu-4 wt.％Ni-TiC composites under dry sliding conditions

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Friction 2017年第4期5卷 437-446页

作者： Pushkar JHA rakesh kumar GAUTAM Rajnesh TYAGI Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi 221005India

The present study synthesized Cu-4 wt％ Ni matrix composites reinforced with different percentages of TiC (0,2,4,6,and 8 wt％) through high-energy ball milling,followed by compaction and *** friction and wear behavior was examined at four different normal loads of 5,10,15,and 20 N.A constant sliding speed of 1.25 m/s was maintained while sliding against a hardened counterface made of EN31 steel (HRC 60) under ambient conditions using a pin-on-disk test *** composite hardness increased until the addition of 4 wt％ of TiC,beyond which it was observed to *** a trend may be attributed to the TiC agglomeration in the composites containing relatively larger amounts of TiC (i.e.,6 and 8 wt％).The wear rate linearly increased with the ***,the composites exhibited a lower rate of wear than the matrix alloy,which may have resulted from the relatively higher hardness of *** observed friction and wear behavior has been explained on the basis of hardness and presence of the transfer layer on the worn surface and its nature,i.e.,loose or well *** of 4 wt％ TiC showed the optimum performance in terms of friction and wear caused by its higher hardness and ability to hold a transfer layer of a relatively larger thickness compared to the other *** wear mechanism for the Cu4Ni matrix alloy was a mix of adhesive and oxidative wear and primarily abrasive for the composites containing hard TiC particles.

关键词： sliding wear composites TiC particles friction

Naive Bayesian classifier for hydrophobicity classification of overhead polymeric insulators using binary image features with ambient light compensation

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High Voltage 2019年第4期4卷 324-332页

作者： Rajamohan Jayabal Vijayarekha Karuppiyan rakesh kumar Sidharthan School of EEE SASTRA Deemed to be UniversityTirumalaisamudramThanjavurIndia

Dispersion nature of water droplets over the insulator surface is used for hydrophobicity *** nature of water dispersions makes naive Bayesian classifier a preferable choice,which has been investigated in this *** 12 features describing the characteristics of water droplets are extracted from the binary image using binary large objects *** light intensity is a significant factor that affects the binary image *** these insulators are installed in the outside environment,variations in ambient light intensity are *** adaptive threshold technique is proposed to compensate for ambient light *** classes of various ambient light intensities have been considered in this study,and the proposed adaptive threshold technique can produce quality binary image *** extracted from the binary image are ordered according to their principal components(PCs)using PC *** in classification accuracy with the accumulation of ordered features is *** illustrate the use of the first eight features provides a reliable classification accuracy of 97.6%for test image *** comparison to the other existing classifiers,the proposed classifier illustrates optimal performance in terms of classification accuracy and computational time.

关键词： image ambient classifier

GIS-based assessment of non-equilibrium pattern between groundwater recharge and irrigation draft in a semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第2期8卷 184-196页

作者： Bidyut K BHADRA Sanjay kumar rakesh PALIWAL Regional Remote Sensing Centre National Remote Sensing Centre Indian Space Research Organisation Department of Space Jodhpur Rajasthan 342003 India Krishi Vigyan Kendra Central Arid Zone Research Institute Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bhuj Gujarat 370105 India

Over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation can result in drastic reduction in groundwater level in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan, India. In this study, we used the long-term trend analysis of seasonal groundwater level data to predict the future groundwater scenario in 33 villages of Jodhpur district, assessed the impact of water harvesting structures on groundwater recharge and explored the non-equilibrium between groundwater recharge and irrigation draft in the study area. Analysis of groundwater level data from 26 observation wells in 33 villages in the pre-monsoon period showed that groundwater level decreased continuously at the rate of 2.07 m/a. With this declining rate, most of the tube wells （including the well with the maximum depth of 193 m） are predicted to become completely dry by 2050. Behavior of temporal groundwater level data in the study period （from 2004 to 2012） can be explained by different geospatial maps, prepared using ArcGIS software. Statistical analysis of the interpolated maps showed that the area with the maximum positive groundwater recharge occupied 63.14% of the total area during 2010-2011 and the area with the maximum irrigation draft accounted for 56.21% of the total area during 2011-2012. Higher groundwater recharge is attributed to the increase in rainfall and the better aquifer condition. Spatial distribution for the changes of average groundwater recharge and draft （2008-2009 and 2011-2012） showed that 68.50% recharge area was in positive change and 45.75% draft area was in negative change. It was observed that the area of the irrigation draft exceeded that of the groundwater recharge in most of the years. In spite of the construction of several shallow water harvesting structures in 2009-2010, sandstone aquifer zones showed meager impact on groundwater recharge. The best-fit line for the deviation between average groundwater fluctuation due to recharge and irrigation draft with time can be represented by the polynom

关键词： geographic information system groundwater fluctuation water harvesting structures Jodhpur district

Defect induced room-temperature ferromagnetism and enhanced photocatalytic activity in Ni-doped ZnO synthesized by electrodeposition

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第10期29卷 566-572页

作者： Deepika Raju kumar Ritesh kumar Kamdeo Prasad Yadav Pratyush Vaibhav Seema Sharma rakesh kumar Singh Santosh kumar College o f Commerce Arts and SciencePatna.BiharIndia Jaypee University o f Engineering and Technology GunaMadhya PradeshIndia Anugrah Narayan College PatnaBiharIndia Aryabhatta Knowledge University PatnaBiharIndia

Zn0.90Ni0.10O nanoparticles have been synthesized by single-bath two-electrode electrodeposition at constant voltage. X-ray diffraction, UV vis and photoluminescence studies reveal that a single-phase polycrystalline hcp wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO is evolved. The material consists of a large number of defects such as oxygen vacancy (Ov) and zinc interstitial (Zi). The magnetization study reveals that the sample exhibits room-temperature global ferromagnetism and the ferromagnetic ordering seems to be defect induced via bound magnetic polaron mechanism, and double exchange is also expected to have played role. Interesting optoelectronic properties have been found in the synthesized sample and the material seems to be a potential candidate to be used as a UV sensor. Such a transition metal doped ZnO based dilute magnetic semiconducting system exhibiting room-temperature ferromagnetism is likely to be first of its kind in the sense that such materials have not yet been reported to be synthesized by the simple method of electrodeposition to the best of our knowledge on the basis of ample literature review.

关键词： dilute magnetic semiconductors(DMS) bound magnetic polaron photoluminescence ferromagnetism

Vigna radiata var. GM4 Plant Growth Enhancement and Root Colonization by a Multi-Metal-Resistant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Enterobacter sp. C1D in Cr(VI)-Amended Soils

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 144-156页

作者： Gangavarapu SUBRAHMANYAM rakesh kumar SHARMA Gattupalli Naresh kumar Gattupalli ARCHANA Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Department of Biomedical Science Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research (NUCSER) Nitte University Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute Central Silk Board Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Contamination of agricultural soils by heavy metals has become a major concern due to their toxic effects on plant growth,symbiosis and consequently the yields of crops. In the present study, to enhance plant growth in Cr（VI）-amended soils, novel metalresistant plant growth-promoting bacteria（PGPB） were isolated from a soil contaminated with industrial waste effluent. One of the bacterial isolates, identified as Enterobacter sp. C1 D by 16 S r RNA gene sequencing, was found to be multi-metal resistant in nature with excellent plant growth-promoting（PGP） traits. Mung bean（Vigna radiata var. GM4） inoculation with Enterobacter sp.C1 D significantly（P ＆lt; 0.01） increased root and shoot length, shoot and root weight, and chlorophyll content in a range of Cr（VI）treatments. Plant tolerance towards Cr（VI） measured as effective concentration showed higher values with Enterobacter sp. C1 Dtreated plants compared to un-inoculated plants. Root colonization study was also carried out using green fluorescence protein-labeled Enterobacter sp. C1 D under a hydroponic system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the plant roots showed heavy bacterial loads on the surface of the plant root specifically at the root tip and the point of root hair/lateral root formation. The results of PGP traits showed that elevated indole acetic acid levels and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity enabled Enterobacter sp. C1 D to enhance V. radiata growth in Cr（VI）-amended soils, whereby it significantly increased plant tolerance towards elevated Cr（VI） concentrations.

关键词： chromium(VI) Enterobacter sp C1D heavy metal metal toxicity plant tolerance

Assessment of performance,combustion and emissions characteristics of methanol-diesel dual-fuel compression ignition engine:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第5期8卷 638-680页

作者： Mohit Raj Saxena rakesh kumar Maurya Prashant Mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagar 140001India

The energy security concern and rapidly diminishing fossil fuel resources demand the development of renewable and economically attractive fuel for reciprocating *** is a promising renewable alternative *** studies have been carried out to explore the various aspects of the utilization of methanol in compression ignition(CI)*** review paper presents a detailed analysis of the effect of methanol on performance,combustion,and emission(NOx,CO,HC,and soot)characteristics of conventional CI-engine along with dual-fuel combustion *** study focuses on methanol utilization in dual-fuel mode,which is an advanced engine combustion ***,methanol production and solubility issues of methanol in diesel are briefly *** study discusses the soot and nano-particle emission from the methanol fueled CI-engine,which is one of the main concerns in the current emission *** was found that the utilization of methanol in CI-engine has the potential to improve the performance and simultaneously with a significant reduction in NOx,CO,soot,and nano-particle emissions in comparison to neat diesel ***,unburnt HC emission reduces for methanol-diesel blended fuel operation whereas HC emissions are higher for methanoldiesel dual-fuel operation.

关键词： Methanol Dual-fuel Combustion Diesel engine Particle emissions Thermal efficiency

Cubic Auto-Catalysis Reactions in Three-Dimensional Nanofluid Flow Considering Viscous and Joule Dissipations Under Thermal Jump

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第7期71卷 779-792页

作者： rakesh kumar Ravinder kumar Reena Koundal Sabir Ali Shehzad Mohsen Sheikholeslami Department of Mathematics Central University of Himachal PradeshDharamshalaIndia Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal 57000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of TechnologyBabolIran

In this problem,simultaneous effects of Joule and viscous dissipation in three-dimensional flow of nanoliquid have been addressed in slip flow regime under time dependent rotational *** nanoparticles are submerged in the base fluid(water)due to their chemical and biological *** increment the novelty,effects of cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions and radiative heat transfer have been incorporated in the related boundary layer *** partial differential system is solved by employing the proposed implicit finite difference *** conditions and stability criteria are obtained to ensure the convergence and accuracy of solutions.A comparative analysis is proposed for no-slip nanofluid flow(NSNF)and slip nanofluid flow(SNF).Variations in skin-friction coefficients,Sherwood and Nusselt numbers against physical parameters are *** is investigated that velocity slip and temperature jump significantly control drag forces and rate of heat transfer.

关键词： cubic autocatalysis reactions viscous dissipation Joule heating rotating-fluctuating environment slip flow regime

Sexual dysfunctions and their treatment in liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1530-1540页

作者： rakesh kumar Jagdish Department of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant MedicineFortis Hospital NoidaNoida 201301UPIndia

Sexual dysfunction(SD)is a prevalent but very commonly ignored aspect in the treatment of liver diseases and *** etiology of SD is multifactorial and therefore treatment strategies are complex,especially in *** inhibitors are useful and effective in erectile dysfunction in males but in females,no single drug is available for SD,therefore multimodal treatment is required depending upon the *** foremost and fundamental requirement in both genders is to be stress-free and have adequate control of liver *** quality of life is helpful in improving SD and vice versa is also ***,patients suffering from liver diseases should come forward and ask for treatment for SD,and physicians should actively enquire about SD while history taking and evaluating these *** results in deterioration of quality of life,and both are modifiable and treatable aspects of liver diseases,which are never addressed actively,due to social taboos and fears of SD treatment in the presence of liver *** diagnosis of SD does not require costly investigations,as the diagnosis can be established based on validated questionnaires available for both genders,therefore detailed targeted history taking using questionnaires is *** are emerging in this area but is still at an early *** studies should be dedicated to SD in liver diseases.

关键词： Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Female sexual function index International index of erectile function Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Hepatic venous pressure gradient