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A v.lidated Stability-Indicating LC Method for Fluocinonide in the Presence of Degradation Products, Its Process-Related Impurities and Identification of Degradation Products

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2010年第3期1卷 113-126页

作者： Prabha Sriniv.su Dev.rak.nda v. SubbaRao raju v. k. vegesna k. Sudhak.r Babu 不详

The objectiv. of the current study was to dev.lop a v.lidated, specific and stability-indicating rev.rse phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantitativ. determination of fluocinonide and its related substances. The determination was done for activ. pharmaceutical ingredient and its pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of degradation products, and its process-related impurities. The drug was subjected to stress condi- tions of hydrolysis (acid and base), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation per International Confer- ence on Harmonization (ICH) prescribed stress conditions to show the stability- indicating power of the method. Significant degradation was observ.d during acid, base hydrolysis, and peroxide degradation. The major degradants were identified by LC-MS, FTIR and 1H/13C NMR spectral analysis. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using an impurity-spik.d solution and the samples generated from forced degra- dation studies. In the dev.loped HPLC method, the resolution between fluocinonide and its process-related impurities, (namely imp-1, imp-2, imp-3, imp-4, imp-5, imp-6, imp-7 and imp-8) and its degradation products was found to be greater than *** chromatographic separation was achiev.d on a C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column. The LC method employed a linear gradient elution and the detection wav.length was set at 240 nm. The stress samples were assayed against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance was found to be close to 99.3%. The dev.loped RP-LC method was v.lidated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.

关键词： Fluocinonide RP-LC LC-MS Forced Degradation v.lidation Stability-Indicating

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Determination of Camylofin Dihydrochloride and Nimesulide in Pharmaceutical Preparation by Gas Chromatography

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第8期2卷 944-952页

作者： Rajeev.k.mar R. Singh Manapragada v. Rathnam Sangeeta J. Singh raju v. k. vegesna 不详

This research paper describes simple analytical method for determination of Camylofin dihydrochloride and Nimesulide in tablet formulation by Gas chromatography method. Benzoic acid was used as internal standard. v.lidation was carried out in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method utilized GC (Agilent Technologies 6890 N Network.GC system with FID detector), and RTX-5 capillary column (5% diphenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane), 30 m × 0.53 mm, 1.5 μm as stationary phase. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.5 mL?min–1. The proposed method was v.lidated for linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and solution stability. It can be conv.niently adopted for routine quality control analysis.

关键词： Capillary Column Gas Chromatography Pharmaceutical Preparations Camylofin Dihydrochloride Nimesulide

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Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow ov.r a conv.ctiv.ly heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lav.nya J.Girish k.mar M.Jayachandra Babu C.S.k.raju Bander Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is because entropy analysis tak.s into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids hav. already been shown to hav. superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conv.ntionalﬂ*** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-ﬂuids by increasing the massﬂux and turbulence at the *** can be beneﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** conv.ctiv. boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the conv.ctiv. boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for v.rious engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic dev.ces or heating in industrial *** nanofluids hav. a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug deliv.ry,and food *** research inv.stigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a conv.ctiv.ly heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work.is based on the Buongiorno *** gov.rning equations are conv.rted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solv.d using the bv.4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be v.sualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the v.locity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discov.red that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inv.rse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation Bv.4C Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irrev.rsibilit

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Structural,morphological,optical and antibacterial performances of rare earth(Sm)-doped ZnO nanorods

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2119-2127页

作者： A.Rav. J.Samuel S.Sahaya Jude Dhas S.Usharani Turibius Simon D.Senthil k.mar S.k.Jasmin v.jitha A.Siv.k.mar raju Suresh k.mar C.S.Biju Department of Physics University College of Engineering Department of Physics and Research Centre Malankara Catholic College Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ.rsity Sav.etha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha University Department of Chemistry S.I.V.E.T College Department of Biotechnology Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Woman (Autonomous) Department of Physics Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology Department of Physics & Research Centre Muslim Arts College k.y Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Physics St. Alphonsa College of Arts and Science

The significant rise of ultra-v.olet（Uv. radiation and pathogenic infectious bacteria poses a serious threat to global *** researchers' interests are attracted by nov.l materials with strong Uv.lock.ng ability,antibacterial activ.ty and low toxicity to other *** this case,a simple wet chemical method with different annealing temperatures（400,500,and 600℃） was employed to create highly effectiv. rare earth（Sm）-doped ZnO ***（101） plane of wurtzite ZnO shifts towards a lower angle with increasing annealing temperature,according to the X-ray diffraction（XRD） study findings,which additionally establishes the consequence of lattice *** of doublet peak. of Sm 3d(Sm 3d5/2and Sm 3d3/2) in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） spectrum clearly v.lidates the substitution of Sm3+ions in the 500℃-annealed *** 500℃-annealed nanorods exhibit combined performances of the wide band gap,improv.d Uv.absorbance,and v.v.d green luminescent emission（563 nm）.Additio nally,the nanorods hav. fav.rable Uv.block.ng execution of 96% for Uv. at 360 nm,92% for Uv. at 320 nm,and 57% for Uv. at 225 nm,which is greater than the majority of ZnO-related materials that hav. been reported up to this *** doping is also appropriate for improv.ng bacterial inhibition against the two studied strains（Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus）,in addition to the intriguing features discussed ***,with maximum inhibition zone diameters of 20±0.72 and 18±0.57 mm,respectiv.ly,these nanorods exhibit high inhibitory action against *** and *** bacterial *** rare earth-doped material dev.loped during the current experiment,which was annealed at 500℃,could potentially serv. as an effectiv. replacement for Uv.block.ng and antibacterial material,especially for biomedical applications.

关键词： Wet chemical method rare earth doping Metal oxide Uv.Shielding Bacterial inhibition

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Effects of v.riable fluid properties on the thin film flow of Ostwald-de Waele fluid ov.r a stretching surface

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第1期25卷 10-19页

作者： v.JRAv.LU k. PRASAD k. v. raju B. T. Department of Mathematics Department of Mechanical Material and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida Department of Mathematics Central College Campus Bangalore University

We inv.stigate, in this paper, the effects of thermo-physical properties on the flow and heat transfer in a thin film of a power-law liquid ov.r a horizontal stretching surface in the presence of a v.scous dissipation. The fluid properties, namely the fluid v.scosity and the fluid thermal conductiv.ty, are assumed to v.ry with temperature. Using a similarity transformation, the gov.rning partial differential equations with a time dependent boundary are conv.rted into coupled non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations （ODEs） with v.riable coefficients. Numerical solutions of the coupled ODEs are obtained by a finite difference scheme k.own as the k.ller-box method. Results for the v.locity and temperature distributions are presented graphically for different v.lues of the pertinent parameters. The effects of unsteady parameter on the sk.n friction, the wall temperature gradient and the film thick.ess are presented and analyzed for zero and non-zero v.lues of the temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties. The results obtained rev.al many interesting features that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian thin film fluid flow phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena.

关键词： Thin film flow v.riable fluid properties v.scous dissipation finite difference method

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Effect of wall temperature modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： v.v.k.nand S.v.B.,raju v.R.k. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional v.rtical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions hav. been discussed in the present *** researchers hav. contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall ***,there is no study av.ilable in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behav.or of slug flows inside ***,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature ***,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully dev.loped v.locity profile and heat transfer rate were v.lidated with benchmark.analytical *** an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow ***,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer hav. been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary *** results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improv.ment in the heat transfer ov.r liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as ov.r two-phase flow without wall temperature *** non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improv.ment in the heat ***,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow hav. also been reported in terms of v.riation of droplet shapes and film *** influence of Capillary number on the film thick.ess as well as heat transfer rates has also been *** addition,the measured fil

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

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Characterization of mixing in an optimized designed T–T mixer with cylindrical elements

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2337-2351页

作者： T.Manoj Dundi v.R.k.raju v.P.Chandramohan Mechanical Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana StateIndia

Passiv. micromixers are preferred ov.r activ. mixers for many microfluidic applications due to their relativ. ease in integration into complex systems and operational *** also incur v.ry low cost of ***,the degree of mixing is comparativ.ly low in passiv. mixers than activ. mixers due to the absence of disturbance in the flow by external forces and the inherent laminar nature of microchannel *** designs of complex channel structures and three-dimensional geometries hav. been inv.stigated in the past to obtain an efficient mixing in passiv. *** the studies on mixing enhancement with simple planar geometries of passiv. mixers hav. been few and *** present work.aims to inv.stigate the possibility of mixing enhancement by employing simple planar type designs,such as T-mixer and T–T mixer with cylindrical elements placed in the mixing *** mixing performance has been ev.luated in the Reynolds number range of 6 *** results hav. shown that T–T mixer with cylindrical elements performed significantly well and obtained v.ry good mixing quality ov.r basic T-mixer for the entire range of Reynolds number(6 to 700).The dev.ce has also shown better mixing as compared to basic T–T mixer and T-mixer with cylindrical elements.A larger pair of v.rtices formed in the stagnation area due to the presence of a cylindrical element in the *** elements downstream caused significant enhancement in mixing due to splitting and recombining *** size of the cylindrical element in the T–T mixer has been optimized to obtain better mixing performance of the *** improv.ment in mixing quality by T–T mixer with cylindrical elements has been obtained at the expense of small rise in pressure drop as compared to other passiv. designs considered in this ***,the current design of T–T mixer with cylindrical elements can act as an effectiv. and simple passiv. mixing dev.ce for v.rious mi

关键词： CFD-simulation Cylindrical elements Micromixers Mixing quality Obstructions T–T-mixer

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Hydrothermal Hgbomite Associated with v.nadiferous-Titaniferous(v.Ti) Bearing Magnetite Bands in Bhak.tarhalli Chromite Mine, Nuggihalli Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, k.rnatak., India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 845-853页

作者： raju v.S.PERUMALA Roland k.W.MERk.E National Geophysical Research Institute PO Box 724 Hyderabad India (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Department of Geology University of Pretoria

Hogbomite,a rare exotic mineral,is found to be associated with the v.nadiferous-titaniferous （v.Ti） bearing magnetite bands at Bhak.tarhalli,Nuggihaifi greenstone belt,western Dharwar Craton,*** report on a second occurrence of hogbomite from the Dharwar craton in k.rnatak.,which is the sixth documented occurrence of this mineral from *** ev.luate the chemical characteristics of hogbomite and associated Fe-Ti-minerals in an attempt to identify its formation as a primary hydrothermal mineral in a metamorphosed magnetite *** report here the presence of hogbomite as a complex oxide of Fe,Mg,Al and Ti with accessory of Zn,v.and *** studies suggest the （v.Ti） bearing magnetite （Mt） contain spinel,hogbomite,chlorite,martite,ilmenite （Ⅱ） and minor amounts of *** hogbomite displays euhedral to subhedral textures,and is up to 250 μm along the grain boundaries of magnetite and *** the samples studied,hogbomite is prismatic,irregular and elongated in *** genesis of hogbomite in v.ins between magnetite and ilmenite implies its precipitation from fluids without inv.lv.ng complicated *** models were proposed for the formation of hogbomite; howev.r,the subject is still debatable.

关键词： Hogbomite western Dharwar craton v.nadium magnetite EPMA India

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Conserv.tion and div.rgence of Grb7 family of Ras-binding domains

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Protein & Cell 2012年第1期3卷 60-70页

作者： raju v.S.Rajala Ammaji Rajala v.v.k.k.Gupta Department of Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104USA Department of Cell Biology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104USA Dean A.McGee Eye Institute Oklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Ras proteins are signal-transducing GTPases that cycle between inactiv. GDP-bound and activ. GTP-bound *** is a prolific signaling molecule interacting with a spectrum of effector molecules and acting through more than one signaling *** Ras-effector proteins contain a Ras-associating(RA)domain through which these associate with Ras in a GTP-dependent *** RA domain is highly conserv.d among the members of the growth factor receptor-bound(Grb)7 family of proteins which includes Grb7,Grb10 and *** laboratory has reported an unusual observ.tion that RA domain of Grb14 binds to the C-terminal nucleotide binding site of cyclic nucleotide gated channel(CTRCNGA1)and inhibits the channel *** modeling of the CTR-CNGA1 displays 50%---70%tertiary structural similarity towards Ras *** named this region as Ras-lik. domain(RLD).The interaction between RA-Grb14 and RLD-CNGA1 is mediated through a simple protein-protein interaction temporally and spatially regulated by light and *** is interesting to note that Grb14 binds to GTPase-mutant Rab5,a Ras-related small GTPase whereas Grb10 binds only to GTP-bound form of activ. Rab5 but not to GTPase-defectiv. mutant *** results suggest that Grb14 might hav. been ev.lv.d later in the ev.lution that binds to both Ras and nucleotide binding proteins such as *** studies also suggest that euk.ryotic CNG channels could be ev.lv.d through a gene fusion between prok.ryotic ion channels and cyclic nucleotide binding proteins,both of which might hav. undergone sev.ral sequence v.riations for functional adaptation during ev.lution.

关键词： growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 Ras-associating domain cyclic nucleotide gated channel rod outer segments tyrosine k.nase signaling Ras proteins

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A rev.ew on the current status of Fe-Al based ferritic lightweight steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 1-22页

作者： Shiv.umar k.aple Brahma raju Golla v.v.Satya Prasad Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory HyderabadIndia Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyWarangalIndia

There is an ev.r-growing demand for lightweighting of steel for structural applications,particularly for automobile and transportation *** is mainly to improv. the fuel efficiency,reduce the CO_(2) emissions and cater the increased passenger ***,the main focus is to reduce the density of the steel structure without affecting other *** can be achiev.d by down-gauging of the conv.ntional steel by replacing the steel with higher strength,howev.r,it is limited by dent resistance and ***,the nov.l idea is to reduce the density of the steel *** is well-k.own that addition of Al to steel reduces the density of the *** 1wt% of Al addition to steel can reduce the density by 1.3%,decreases the elastic modulus by 2% and it improv.s the strength by about 40 *** is a new class of low-density/lightweight steel with addition of about 6-9 wt% Al to *** of higher than 9 wt%of Al in steel leads to embrittlement issues due to ordering and env.ronmental *** disordered Fe-Al lightweight steels hav. raised considerable interest due to their low-density,high ductility,costeffectiv.ness and feasibility for bulk.*** low-density steels are env.saged in the dev.lopment of an adv.nced lightweight ground transportation system,huge structures and also for certain defence applications and in thermal power plants.

关键词： Low-density steels Disordered FeeAl Thermo-mechanical processing Microstructure Properties Structure-property correlation

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