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River Rafting in Mountainous Regions of Uttarakhand:Impacts,Suggested Mitigation Measures and Sustainability

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 511-522页

作者： Parth Sarathi MAHAPATRA rajiv pandey Sonali PRADHAN Forest Research Institute DehradunUttarakhandIndia CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia HNBG University SrinagarUttarakhandIndia Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Uttarakhand state in India is well known for its mountainous ecosystems, traditional communities and a variety of ecotourism destinations. Among various tourism activities, River Rafting along the banks of the Ganges River has increased tremendously for two decades, and has had unprecedented impacts on the traditional communities and the bio-diversity. Therefore, it is meaningful to do a comprehensive study on the various impacts associated with river rafting so as to suggest the pathways to achieve the environmental sustainability in this region. In this study, we collected primary data from randomly selected population units across all stake holders such as local people （n = too）, and camp personnel （n = 22）, through a pre-tested questionnaire survey between August 2009 and May 2010. The questionnaire contains issues on culture, social, economic, institutional and associated perceived impacts on pollution and biodiversity including views for sustainability. Secondary information was also collected from various sources and government records to supplement and strengthen the analysis. The impacts were analyzed qualitatively through a ranking mechanism to facilitate the decision making process. The perception of the interviewee about the various possible impacts of rafting was discussed with mitigating mechanism. The ranking analysis as percollected data reveals that economy and education of local community was improved significantly; however aquatic and terrestrial fauna, social cohesion and pollution （water, air, land） were significantly deteriorated. The results show that the existing practices are not sufficient to address the adverse impacts. Improvement in practices is necessary, mainly in the policy regime. Based on the analysis, some measures are recommended on how to protect community interest and environment with the development of river rafting as an ecotourism opportunity.

关键词： Eco-tourism The Ganges Impactranking Traditional community

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Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Zubair A.MALIK rajiv pandey Ajay Ballabh BHATT Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany and MicrobiologyHNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India Department of Botany Govt.Degree CollegeBeerwah Budgam(J&K)-193411India. Department of Forestry andNatural Resources HNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing *** the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) *** HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest *** MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these *** richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate *** percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in *** density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and *** concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community *** of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder *** all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of ***,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

关键词： forests vegetation canopy grazing anthropogenic disturbance moderately timber woody stands

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Empirical assessment of adaptation to climate change impacts of mountain households:development and application of an Adaptation Capability Index

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1503-1514页

作者： rajiv pandey Nandini MAITHANI Roberta ARETANO Giovanni ZURLINI Kelli M ARCHIE Ajay K GUPTA Vishnu Prasad pandey Biodiversity and Climate Change Division ICFREDehradun 248 006India Forest Research Institute Dehradun 248006India Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of SalentoLecee 73100Italy Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Asian Institute of Technology and Management(AITM) Lalitpur 44700Nepal

The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.

关键词： Adaptation strategy Adjustmentpractice Climate change Vulnerability Resilience Social networking

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Influence of slope position and aspect on the vegetation attributes and treewater relations in forests of the central Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2592-2602页

作者： Vidit TYAGI Surendra P.SINGH Ripu Daman SINGH Surabhi GUMBER Rajesh THADANI rajiv pandey Dolphin(PG)Institute of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences Dehra Dun 248007India Central Himalayan Environment Association(CHEA) Dehradun 248007India Department of Forestry and Environmental Science DSB CampusKumaun UniversityNainital 263001India Centre for Ecology Development and Research(CEDAR) A-17 Mayfair GardensNew Delhi 110016India Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education(ICFRE) Dehra Dun 248007India

While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are *** study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 MPa and-3.34±0.18 MPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 MPa and-3.77±0.18 MPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 MPa and-2.77±0.19 MPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical *** favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry *** attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill *** forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced *** favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.

关键词： Hill base Himalaya Refugia Unique species Water relation

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Analytical modeling of drain current and RF performance for double-gate fully depleted nanoscale SOI MOSFETs

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第2期33卷 28-35页

作者： rajiv Sharma Sujata pandey Shail Bala Jain Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityDelhiIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amity UniversitySector-125 NoidaIndia

A new 2D analytical drain current model is presented for symmetric double-gate fully depleted nanoscale SOI *** of device parameters like transconductance for double-gate fully depleted nanoscale SOI MOSFETs is also carried *** this work is concluded by modeling the cut-off frequency, which is one of the main figures of merit for analog/RF performance for double-gate fully depleted nanoscale SOI *** results of the modeling are compared with those obtained by a 2D ATLAS device simulator to verify the accuracy of the proposed model.

关键词： double-gate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator Poisson's equation radio frequency ATLAS

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Double co-host emitter based top emitting white organic light emitting diodes with enhanced brightness and efficiency

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Optoelectronics Letters 2021年第10期17卷 581-585页

作者： Neha Jain Sujata pandey rajiv Kr.Singh O.P.Sinha Department of ECE Amity School of Engineering and TechnologyAmity UniversityUPNoidaIndia Department ofEEE Galgotia College of Engineering and TechnologyGreater NoidaIndia CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New DelhiIndia Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University UPNoidaIndia

Novel and simplified bi-layer top-emitting white organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs)with dual co-host emitters have been simulated and *** consist of yellow-green emitting layer(EML)as electron transport layer(ETL)and blue EML as hole transport layer(HTL).Novelty of the device lies in simplification of tri-layer white OLED to a bi-layered device which is done by merging yellow-green EML with ETL and blue EML with *** simulated devices show Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE)colour coordinates well within the emission range of white *** results show that device A with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene(rubrene)doped ETL has achieved the lowest luminance but longest excited state *** D with tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum:4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyle-6-(1,1,7,7-tetra-methyljulolidyl-9-enyl)4 H-pyran(Alq3:DCJTB)as ETL which emits yellow light and 2,7-bis[N,N-bis(4-methoxy-phenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene(MS-TPD):bis(2-methyl-8-quninolinato)-4-phenylphenolate alu-minium(BAlq)as HTL which is responsible for blue light emission is found to have best characteristics when compared to other simulated *** has a maximum luminance of 10000 cd/m2 and current efficiency of 15.25 cd/A,respectively,and CIE coordinates are at(0.329,0.319).The device is found to be compatible to be used in solid state lighting applications because of the low driving voltage of the device.

关键词： emitter diodes white

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Effect of heterogeneity and injection rates on the recovery of oil from conventional sand packs:A simulation approach

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Petroleum Research 2023年第1期8卷 96-102页

作者： Anurag pandey Himanshu Kesarwani Amit Saxena Reza Azin Shivanjali Sharma Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geological Sciences Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyIndia Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of PetroleumGas and Petrochemical EngineeringPersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran

The study of flow through porous media has been of cardinal gravity in oil and gas applications like enhanced oil recovery(EOR),acidizing,fracturing,*** of the most anticipated apprehensions is that the core flooding and simulation have become prevalent to understand the flow through porous *** study aims at simulating and analyzing the effect of alkaline surfactant flooding through heterogeneous permeability conditions in the lab-scale *** conventional methods of core flood deal with the effective permeability of the system without considering the effect of heterogeneity within the *** heterogeneous studies are conducted by simulating a finely meshed 2-D axisymmetric model of the sand *** novel Karanj oil surfactant extracted from Pongamia Pinnata,and partially hydrolyzed polyacryl amide polymer are considered for the physicochemical properties of displacing fluid used in the *** heterogeneity combinations and displacing fluid injection flow rates are introduced for a single absolute permeability *** indicate a trend of oil recovery upright with increasing vertical permeability.A lower areal sweep efficiency and early breakthrough are observed in models with high horizontal ***,the effect of heterogeneity on oil recovery is reduced with the increase in injection flow rates of displacing *** present work utilizes computational fluid dynamics to model multiphase flow through a heterogeneous permeability media and its effect on oil recovery.

关键词： Karanj oil Simulation Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Heterogenous permeability ASP Flooding

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