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New early Eocene vertebrate assemblage from western India reveals a mixed fauna of European and Gondwana affinities

Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 969-1001页

作者： Thierry smith Kishor Kumar rajendra s.rana Annelise Folie Floreal sole Corentin Noiret Thomas steeman Ashok sahni Kenneth D.Rose Directorate Earth and History of Life Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences29 rue VautierB-1000BrusselsBelgium Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 33 General Mahadeo Singh RoadDehradun248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Geology H.N.B.Garhwal UniversitySrinagar246175UttarakhandIndia scientific Heritage survey Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences29 rue VautierB-1000BrusselsBelgium Department of Geology University of Namur61 rue de BruxellesB-5000NamurBelgium Research Unit Palaeontology Ghent UniversityKrijgslaan 28158B-9000GhentBelgium Centre of Advanced study in Geology Panjab UniversityChandigarh160014India Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA

The Ypresian Cambay shale Formation at Vastan and Mangrol lignite mines in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate fauna with numerous taxa of European affinities. Here we report a new, approximately contemporary vertebrate assemblage from two fossiliferous layers in the nearby mine of Tadkeshwar. These layers have yielded a similar mammal fauna with the co-occurrence of the perissodactyl-like cambaytheriid Cambaytherium thewissi, the adapoid primates Marcgodinotius indicus and cf. Asiadapis cambayensis, and the hyaenodontid lndohyaenodon raoi. The presence of these species in both Vastan and Tadkeshwar mines and at different levels suggests that the deposits between the two major lignite seams represent a single land mammal age. Apart from the aforementioned species there is a new, smaller species of Cambaytherium, and a new genus and species of esthonychid tillodont. This fauna also contains the first large early Eocene vertebrates from India, including an unidentified Coryphodon-like pantodont, a dyrosaurid crocodyliform and a new giant madtsoiid snake. Among the Tadkeshwar vertebrates several taxa are of Gondwana affinities, such as Pelomedusoides turtles, dyr- osaurids, and large madtsoiids, attesting that the early Eocene was a crucial period in India during which Laurasian taxa of European affinities co-existed with relict taxa from Gondwana before the India-Asia collision. Our results suggest that terrestrial faunas could have dispersed to or from Europe during episodes of contact between the Indian subcontinent and different island blocks along the northern margin of the Neotethys, such as the Kohistan Ladakh island-arc system. Gondwana taxa might represent remnants of ghost lineages shared with Madagascar, which reached the Indian subcontinent during the late Cretaceous; alternatively they might have come from North Africa and passed along the southern margin of the Neotethys to reach the Indian subcontinent. These dispersals would have been

关键词： Vertebrates snakes Mammals Primates Cambay shale Formation Ypresian

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Extraction,Utilization Pattern and Prioritization of Fuel Resources for Conservation in Manali Wildlife sanctuary,Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第4期9卷 580-588页

作者： Man s.rana sakshi B.rana s.s.sAMANT Department of Plant sciences Government CollegeBanjar-Kullu175123Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Plant sciences Government CollegeKullu175101Himachal PradeshIndia G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment&Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu175126Himachal PradeshIndia

Fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous ***,annual wood consumption is very *** on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very ***,present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species,annual collection,preference and availability of fuel species in the *** four species(25 trees and 9 shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the *** collection and species preference was highest for Picea smithiana,Cedrus deodara,Indigofera heterantha,Pinus wallchiana and sorbaria tomentosa,*** use index indicating use pressure was highest for ***,***,*** and Abies pindrow,*** native species,some non-native horticultural and agroforestry species such as Malus pumila,***,Celtis australis,*** also being used as *** species showed their availability in eight forest types whereas,population and regeneration status was ***,immediate actions are suggested to sustain current and future demand of *** afforestation of degraded,uncultivated and marginal lands through high quality and preferred fuel species might reduce pressure on wild and selective species.

关键词： Fuelwood Resource Use Index Communities Conservation

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synthesis and characterization of rare earth metal doped tungsten trioxide photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第9期41卷 1302-1310,I0002页

作者： Pooja Nehra Amita Khatri Anil Kumar satyendra singh Pawan s.rana Department of Physics Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal1339SonipatHaryanaIndia special Centre for Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi10067India

Nowadays,it is concern for researchers that due to high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers in tungsten trioxide(WO_(3)) nanoparticles,the future applications are limited in the field of *** we attempt to synthesize tungsten trioxide nanoparticles with different doping concentrations of lanthanum i.e.2 wt%,4 wt%,6 wt% and 8 wt%.The synthesized samples were characterized by using various characterization techniques:X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),photoluminescence spectra(PL),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) and UV-Vis ***_(3) retains its monoclinic structure even after doping which was confirmed by XRD *** helps to descry functional groups present in the *** size of nanoparticles was calculated by using *** confirms the absence of any impurity in the synthesized *** spectroscopy confirms the presence of a large number of imperfections induced in the lattice of WO_(3).The rate of recombination was analyzed by photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy and is minimum in 4 wt% doping of *** optical bandgap was calculated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and becomes narrow along with the doping ***,it is found that doping of La in WO_(3) has considerably ameliorate the photocatalytic activity by reducing rate of recombination due to the trapping of electrons by defects introduced in the *** decolorization of Rhodamine B(RhB) dye was performed and the values of c/c_0 and rate constant(k) confirm that the 4 wt% doping shows maximum degradation *** kinetic study for photodegradation of Rhodamine B was done by using various kinetic models and results show that the reaction follows first order kinetics very ***,optimum doping of lanthanum increases the decolorization ability of WO_(3) towards RhB dye.

关键词： Photocatalytic activity WO_(3)nanoparticles Rhodamine B dye Rare earth doping Visible light

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Transverse Transport of Polymeric Nanofluid under Pure Internal Heating: Keller Box Algorithm

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第7期69卷 106-118页

作者： R.Mehmood s.rana E.N.Maraj Department of Mathematics Faculty of Natural Sciences HITEC University

The present work aims to investigate transverse Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow on a stretched panel with consideration of internal heat generation. Buongiorno model is utilized to study influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. A numerical procedure known as Keller box algorithm is used to solve the governed physical *** velocity, temperature and concentration of nanoparticles are expressed. Also, concerned physical measures such as heat and mass transfer are investigated numerically. The simulations performed revealed that fluid parameters play a significant role in heat transfer under Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Local heat flux is elevated while local mass flux is suppressed with enhancing Brownian motion parameter. streamlines pattern exhibits that flow is more inclined in the presence of Deborah number effects. To the best of our knowledge, transverse flow of an Oldroyd-B type fluid which incorporates the thermal relaxation effects has never been reported before in the presence of Brownian motion and internal heating phenomenon. Therefore we intend to discuss these features in detail. The obtained results are a novel contribution, which can be benchmark for further relevant academic research related to polymer industry.

关键词： transverse flow nanofluid Oldroyd-B internal heating

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Plant Communities and Factors Responsible for Vegetation Pattern in an Alpine Area of the Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain science 2011年第6期8卷 817-826页

作者： Man s.rana s.s.sAMANT Y.s.RAWAT Department of Plant science Government Degree College G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Department of Botany D.S.B.CampusKumaun University

The study intended to describe the alpine vegetation of a protected area of the northwestern Himalaya and identify the important environmental variables responsible for species *** placed random plots covering different habitats and altitude to record species composition and environmental *** was classified using hierarchical cluster analysis and vegetation-environment relationships were evaluated with Canonical Correspondence *** communities,each in alpine shrub and meadows were delineated and well justified in the ordination *** species for the different communities were *** species richness and diversity were found in community IV among shrub communities and community II among the *** environmental variables explained 61.5% variation in shrub vegetation and 59.8% variation in *** variables explained higher variability (～35%) than spatial variables (～21%) in both shrubs and ***,among the spatial variables and carbon/nitrogen ratio and nitrogen among the soil variables explained maximum *** 40% variations left *** and species diversity among the other variables had significant correlation with ordination *** showed that altitude and C/N ratio played a significant role in species *** sampling efforts and inclusion of other non-studied variables are also suggested for better understanding.

关键词： species diversity Indicator species Environmental variable Ordination Explainedvariation

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Free Convective Nonaligned Non-Newtonian Flow with Non-linear Thermal Radiation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第12期65卷 687-693页

作者： s.rana R.Mehmood PV s.Narayana N.s.Akbar Department of Mathematics Faculty of Natural Sciences HITEC University Taxila Cantt Pakistan Department of Mathematics VIT University Vellore India National University of sciences and Technology (NUsT) Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

The present study explores the free convective oblique Casson fluid over a stretching surface with non-linear thermal radiation effects. The governing physical problem is modelled and transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity transformation, which are solved numerically with the help of shooting method keeping the convergence control of 10^(-5) in computations. Influence of pertinent physical parameters on normal, tangential velocity profiles and temperature are expressed through graphs. Physical quantities of interest such as skin friction coefficients and local heat flux are investigated numerically.

关键词： oblique flow forced Convection non-linear thermal radiation Casson fluid

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Clinical outcomes and prognostic significance of early *** computed tomography in acute pancreatitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第2期3卷 144-147页

作者： Vishal sharma surinder s.rana Ravi K.sharma Rajesh Gupta Deepak K.Bhasin Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Background:Guidelines recommend that contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)should be carried out 72 hours after onset of an attack of acute pancreatitis(AP).However,the exact time beyond 72 hours at which CT will produce the best diagnostic yield for local complications,or whether doing a CT early in acute pancreatitis has any adverse effect on the course of disease,is not ***:The medical records of 214 consecutive patients with AP were analysed retrospectively and these patients were divided into two groups:the early CT group(CT done at 4–5 days after the onset of pain)and the late CT group(CT done in days 6–14 following onset of pain).The two groups were compared for differences in clinical outcomes and prognostic information obtained from CT,such as detection of pancreatic necrosis and local complications,and CT severity ***:Of 214 patients[143(66.8%)males;mean age 39.87613.52 years],21 patients were excluded as they did not undergo CT or CT was done more than 14 days after onset of an attack of *** early CT group included 114 patients,whilst the late CT group had *** mean CT severity index was higher in the late CT group(6.6562.27 vs.5.5262.7;P=0.005).The incidence of persistent organ failure in the early group was no different from that of the late group(38.6%vs.49.4%;P=0.143).Local complications were detected more often in the late CT group(84.8%vs.68.4%;P=0.011).There was no difference between the two groups in the need for percutaneous drainage,surgery,or mortality(all P>0.05).Conclusions:Although performing early CT does not adversely affect the outcome in AP,CT carried out more than 5 days after the onset of symptoms may detect more local complications.

关键词： acute pancreatitis computed tomography complications clinical outcomes

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Arterial pH,bicarbonate levels and base deficit at presentation as markers of predicting mortality in acute pancreatitis:a single-centre prospective study

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 226-231页

作者： Vishal sharma Thingbaijam shanti Devi Ravi sharma Puneet Chhabra Rajesh Gupta surinder s.rana Deepak K.Bhasin Department of Gastroenterology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia Department of surgery Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia

*** blood gas(ABG)parameters such as pH form part of multi-parameter scoring systems for predicting severe acute pancreatitis;however,literature on detailed evaluation of ABG alone in this context is *** with acute pancreatitis presenting to our unit between January 2012 and November 2013 were prospectively *** analysis was done at admission and development of organ failure,any need for intervention,and mortality were *** association between various parameters of ABG analysis and the development of organ failure or local complications,need for interventions(endoscopic/radiological/surgical)and mortality were *** hundred and five patients(mean age:39.33-13.85 years;61.0%males)were prospectively *** aetiology of acute pancreatitis was alcohol in 93 patients(45.4%)and gall stone disease in 73(35.6%).Organ failure developed in 71.2%patients and 83.9%had local *** 18%of patients,endoscopic/radiological/surgical interventions were needed and 14.6%*** patients(n=35)with metabolic acidosis(pHsuffered higher frequency of organ failure,need for interventions and *** with low arterial bicarbonate levels,as well as higher base deficit,also displayed higher frequency of organ failure,need for interventions and *** receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves for pHse deficit of>4 meq/L for prediction of mortality were 0.771(95%CI:0.664–0.878),0.707(95%CI:0.622–0.791)and 0.780(95%CI:0.693–0.867),*** pH,bicarbonate levels,and base deficit at presentation are useful early markers for predicting adverse outcome in acute pancreatitis.

关键词： acute pancreatitis base deficit MA organ failure

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Analysis of periodic and aperiodic convective stability of double diffusive nanofluid convection in rotating porous layer

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2016年第2期37卷 215-226页

作者： s.AGARWAL P.rana Department of Mathematics Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity University Department of Mathematics Jaypee Institute of Information Technology

The onset of periodic and aperiodic convection in a binary nanofiuid satu- rated rotating porous layer is studied considering constant flux boundary conditions. The porous medium obeys Darcy＇s law, while the nanofluid envisages the effects of the Brow- nian motion and thermophoresis. The Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory convection are obtained in terms of various non-dimensional parameters. The effect of the involved physical parameters on the aperiodic convection is studied graphicMly. The results are validated in comparison with the published literature in limiting cases of the present study.

关键词： nanofluid rotating porous medium natural convection thermophoreticflux

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some Investigations on Hybrid Fuzzy IPD Controllers for Proportional and Derivative Kick suppression

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第5期13卷 516-528页

作者： Vineet Kumar K.P.s.rana Division of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology(NSIT)

Proportional and derivative kick i.e., a large change in control action of a proportional plus integral plus derivative （PID） controller due to a sudden change in reference set-point is generally undesired in process industry. Therefore, the structure of conventional parallel PID controller is modified to integral minus proportional derivative （I-PD） controller. In this paper, three hybrid fuzzy IPD controllers such as a fuzzy I-fuzzy PD （FI-FPD） controller and its hybrid combinations with its conventional counterpart such as fuzzy I-PD （FI-PD） and I-fuzzy PD （I-FPD） are presented in view of above industrial problem. These controllers are based upon the counterpart conventional I-PD controller and contains analytical formulae. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of hybrid fuzzy controllers along with conventional I-PD and PID controllers for set-point tracking and disturbance rejection for an induction motor in closed loop using LabVIEWTM environment. The gains of conventional and hybrid fuzzy controllers are tuned using genetic algorithm （GA） for minimum overshoot and settling time. It has been observed that hybrid fuzzy controllers along with the conventional I-PD controller significantly remove the kick from the control action in reference set-point tracking. However, in disturbance rejection, I-PD and FI-PD controllers fail to eliminate the kick from the control signal. In contrast, FI-FPD and I-FPD controllers considerably reduced spikes from the control action in disturbance rejection. Among the conventional and hybrid fuzzy IPD controllers, FI--FPD demonstrates much better set-point tracking and disturbance rejection response with spike free control action.

关键词： Proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) integral minus proportional derivative (I-PD) hybrid fuzzy IPD con- troller proportional kick derivative kick.

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