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Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network:A Generalized Defense Against Adversarial Attacks

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2541-2555页

作者： Amitoj Bir Singh Lalit Kumar awasthi Urvashi Mohammad Shorfuzzaman Abdulmajeed Alsufyani Mueen Uddin National Institute of Technology JalandharPB 144001India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia School of Digital Science University Brunei DarussalamJln Tungku LinkGadongBE1410Brunei Darussalam

Neural networks play a significant role in the field of image *** an input image is modified by adversarial attacks,the changes are imperceptible to the human eye,but it still leads to misclassification of the *** have demonstrated these attacks to make production self-driving cars misclassify StopRoad signs as 45 Miles Per Hour(MPH)road signs and a turtle being misclassified as *** primary types of defense approaches exist which can safeguard against such attacks i.e.,Gradient Masking,Robust Optimization,and Adversarial Example *** few approaches use Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN)for Defense against Adversarial *** this paper,we create a new approach to defend against adversarial attacks,dubbed Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network(CD-GAN)that tackles the defense against adversarial attacks by minimizing the perturbations of the adversarial image using iterative oversampling and undersampling using ***-GAN is created using two GANs,i.e.,CDGAN’s Sub-ResolutionGANandCDGAN’s *** first is CDGAN’s Sub-Resolution GAN which takes the original resolution input image and oversamples it to generate a lower resolution neutralized *** second is CDGAN’s Super-Resolution GAN which takes the output of the CDGAN’s Sub-Resolution and undersamples,it to generate the higher resolution image which removes any remaining *** Dual GAN is formed by chaining these two GANs *** of these GANs are trained ***’s Sub-Resolution GAN is trained using higher resolution adversarial images as inputs and lower resolution neutralized images as output image ***,this GAN downscales the image while removing adversarial attack ***’s Super-Resolution GAN is trained using lower resolution adversarial images as inputs and higher resolution neutralized images as output *** of this,it acts as an Upscaling GAN while removing the adversarial a

关键词： Adversarial attacks GAN-based adversarial defense image classification models adversarial defense

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Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Da River Basin of Hoa Binh province, Northwest Vietnam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 1051-1064页

作者： NGO Thanh Son NGUYEN Duy Binh rajendra Prasad SHRESTHA Asian Institute of Technology Faculty of Land Resources Management Vietnam National University of Agriculture Faculty of Information Technology Vietnam National University of Agriculture

The objective of this study was to assess runoff discharge and sediment yield from Da River Basin in the Northwest of Vietnam using Soil and Water Assessment Tools(SWAT) *** SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed monthly stream flows and sediment yield at selected gauging *** results indicated that SWAT generally performs well in simulating runoff and sediment yield according to Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE), Observation's standard deviation ratio(RSR), and percent bias(PBIAS) *** runoff, the values of NSE, RSR, and PBIAS were 0.98,0.02, and 3.69 during calibration period and 0.99,0.01, and 1.56 during validation period, *** sediment yield, the efficiency was lower than the value of NSE, RSR, and PBIAS during calibration period were 0.81, 0.19, and-4.14 and 0.84, 0.16, and-2.56 during validation period, *** results of the study indicated that the vegetation status has a significant impact on runoff and sediment *** in land use type between 1995 and2005 from forest to field crop and urban strongly contributed to increasing the average annual runoff from 182.5 to 342.7 mm and sediment yield from101.3 to 148.1 ton-1 *** 2005 and 2010, adecrease of both runoff(from 342.7 to 167.6 mm) and sediment yield(from 148.1 to 74.0 ton-1 ha) was due to the expansion of forested area and application of soil conservation *** results of this study are important for developing soil and water conservation programs, extending future SWAT modelling studies and disseminating these results to other regions in Vietnam.

关键词： Land use change Hydrology Soil erosion Soil and Water Assessment Tools(SWAT) Da River Basin

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Insect feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities of scopoletin isolated from Artemisia annua against Spilarctia obliqua （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 189-194页

作者： Arun Kumar Tripathi rajendra Singh Bhakuni Shikha Upadhyay Rashmi Gaur Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Lucknow India

Artemisia annua （Asteraceae） is well known for its antimalarial activities due to presence of the compound artemisinin. We isolated a methoxy coumarin from the stem part of A. annua and confirmed its identity as scopoletin through mass spectral data. The structure was established from 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, 13C-NMR. The compound scopoletin was evaluated for its feeding deterrence and growth inhibitory potential against a noxious lepidopteran insect, Spilartctia obliqua Walker. Scopoletin gave FD50（feeding deterrence of 50%） value of 96.7 μg/g diet when mixed into artificial diet. S. obliqua larvae （12-day-old） exposed to the highest concentration （250μg/g diet） of scopoletin showed 77.1% feeding-deterrence. In a growth inhibitory assay, scopoletin provided 116.9% growth inhibition at the highest dose of 250μg/g diet with a GI50 （growth inhibition of 50%） value of 20.9μg/g diet. Statistical analysis showed a concentrationdependent dose response relationship toward both feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities. Artemisinin is found mainly in the leaves of A. annua and not in the stems, which are typically discarded as waste. Therefore identification of scopoletin in stems of A. annua may be important as a source of this material for pest control.

关键词： Artemisia annua feeding deterrent growth inhibitor scopoletin Spilartiaobliqua

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FDTD technique based crosstalk analysis of bundled SWCNT interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第5期36卷 90-98页

作者： Yograj Singh Duksh Brajesh Kumar Kaushik rajendra P.Agarwal Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Shobhit University

The equivalent electrical circuit model of a bundled single-walled carbon nanotube based distributed RLC interconnects is employed for the crosstalk analysis. The accurate time domain analysis and crosstalk effect in the VLSI interconnect has emerged as an essential design criteria. This paper presents a brief description of the numerical method based finite difference time domain （FDTD） technique that is intended for estimation of voltages and currents on coupled transmission lines. For the FDTD implementation, the stability of the proposed model is strictly restricted by the Courant condition. This method is used for the estimation of crosstalk induced propagation delay and peak voltage in lossy RLC interconnects. Both functional and dynamic crosstalk effects are analyzed in the coupled transmission line. The effect of line resistance on crosstalk induced delay, and peak voltage under dynamic and functional crosstalk is also evaluated. The FDTD analysis and the SPICE simulations are carried out at 32 nm technology node for the global interconnects. It is observed that the analytical results obtained using the FDTD technique are in good agreement with the SPICE simulation results. The crosstalk induced delay, propagation delay, and peak voltage obtained using the FDTD technique shows average errors of 4.9%, 3.4% and 0.46%, respectively, in comparison to SPICE.

关键词： FDTD SWCNT bundle interconnects crosstalk delay peak voltage coupled transmission lines

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Depletion of BBS Protein LZTFL1 Affects Growth and Causes Retinal Degeneration in Mice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第6期43卷 381-391页

作者： Jiangsong Jiang Kanyarat Promchan Hong Jiang Parirokh awasthi Heather Marshall Adam Harned Ven Natarajan Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Leidos Biomedical ResearchInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA Transgenic Mouse Model Laboratory Leidos Biomedical ResearchInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA Electron Microscopy Laboratory Leidos Biomedical ResearehInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA

Bardet-Biedl syndrome（BBS） is a heterogeneous disease characterized by deficiencies in various organs that are caused by defects in genes involved in the genesis, structural maintenance, and protein trafficking of cilia. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1（LZTFL1）has been identified as a BBS protein（BBS17）, because patients with mutations in this gene exhibit the common BBS phenotypes. In this study, we generated a knockout mouse model to investigate the effects of LZTFL1 depletion. Lztfl1 knockout mice were born with low birth weight, reached similar weight to those of wild-type mice at 10 weeks of age, and later gained more weight than their wild-type counterparts. LZTFL1 was localized to the primary cilium of kidney cells, and the absence of LZTFL1 increased the ciliary localization of BBS9. Moreover, in the retinas of Lztfl1 knockout mice, the photoreceptor outer segment was shortened, the distal axoneme of photoreceptor connecting cilium was significantly enlarged, and rhodopsin was targeted to the outer nuclear layer. TUNEL assay showed that many of these abnormal photoreceptor cells in Lztfl1 knockout mice underwent apoptosis. Interestingly, the absence of LZTFL1 caused an abnormal increase of the adaptor protein complex 1（AP1） in some photoreceptor cells. Based on these data, we conclude that LZTFL1 is a cilium protein and regulates animal weight and photoreceptor connecting cilium function probably by controlling microtubule assembly and protein trafficking in cilia.

关键词： LZTFL1 Cilium BBSome BBS17 Retina AP-1

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Luminescence properties of dysprosium doped YVO_4 phosphor

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第12期36卷 1245-1249页

作者： H.J.rajendra C.PANDurangappa D.L.Monika Department of Physics RNS Institute of TechnologyChannasandra Department of Physics SJB Institute of Technology

Trivalent dysprosium(Dy) activated nanocrystalline yttrium vanadate(YVO) phosphor was synthesized via co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), optical absorption and photo luminescence(PL) techniques. The XRD patterns reveal the tetragonal crystalline phase. SEM images reveal that Dy doped YVOnanocrystals are agglomerated. EDAX confirms the formation of YVO:Dy. FTIR spectrum shows two strong absorption bands at 459 and 761 cm. Optical absorption spectrum showed the surface defects in the as-prepared samples. The PL emission spectrum shows two characteristic emission bands at 485 and 575 nm. The strong yellow emission peak at 575 nm is assigned to ~4 F→~6 Hhyper sensitive transition of Dyions, Study of CIE chromaticity diagram indicates the suitability of the phosphor for the development of yellow-green LEDs.

关键词： Precipitation Yttrium vanadate Dysprosium X-ray diffraction Photoluminescence Rare earths

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Underground mining of thick coal seams

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第6期25卷 885-896页

作者： Kumar Rakesh Singh Arun Kumar Mishra Arvind Kumar Singh rajendra Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR under CSIR) Indian School of Mines (ISM)

This paper reviews underground mining methods for total thickness of a thick coal seam in single lift （TI＇rCSSL）. Review shows the required engineering for extraction of thick seams needs to be fitted with thickness of the seam, behavior of rock-mass and surrounding stress conditions for efficient mining. Variants of TI＇rCSSL are able to extract a maximum 10-12 m thickness only. An improvement in bending moment of the overlying coal band in longwall top coal caving （LTCC） provides better under-winning opportunity for the roof coal band. An acceptable limit of 25 MPa compressive strength of coal for the success of LTCC may be increased under favorable geo-technical conditions. Bord and pillar in India adopted induced caving of roof coal band for single lift depillaring of total thickness （SLDTr） of a compe- tent thick coal seam developed along floor. Case studies are given to arrest the adverse effects of extrac- tion height on pillars.

关键词： Thick coal seamSingle lift depillaring of total thicknessCSmIT)Extraction heightPillar instabilityCaving of coal

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Revisiting the morphology of pelvicalyceal system in human cadaveric kidneys with a systematic review of literature

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第3期6卷 249-255页

作者： Kusum rajendra Gandhi Sushama Chavan Department of Anatomy All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia Department of Anatomy Rural Medical CollegePravara Institute of Medical SciencesLoniMaharashtraIndia

Objective:Renal collecting system macroscopically consists of minor calyx,major calyx,renal pelvis and *** in renal collecting system is a common presentation in everyday urological *** prevalence of renal calculi ranges from 4%to 20%in different geographical *** variation in renal collecting system plays a significant role in formation of calculi in its *** large extra renal pelvis leads to stagnation of urine for longer durations and formation of *** stone free rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extra corporeal shock wave lithotomy is significantly related to anatomical factors,particularly the type of renal pelvis and dimensions(length and width)of lower *** authors described the morphology of pelvicalyceal system in a highly variable manner and the available anatomical description of pelvicalyceal system is contradictory and *** an attempt has been made to provide the precise anatomy of pelvicalyceal system in adult human ***:We studied 196 formalin embalmed kidneys to note the number of infundibulum,major and minor *** location and shape of pelvis were also ***:The intra-renal pelvis was narrow and had funnel shaped appearance in 95 of total 196(48.5%)specimens,and the extra-renal pelvis was dilated as balloon shaped in 43 of 196(21.9%)*** 41(20.9%)specimens,the renal pelvis was having partially intra-and extra-renal in *** symmetry was found in only 27.1%of 196 renal collecting *** length of lower infundibulum was more than 22 mm in 19(9.7%)of 196 cases which directly affects the stone clearance rate during open and endoscopic surgeries on pelvicalyceal ***:This study provides the accurate morphological details of the shape and dimensions of renal pelvicalyceal system to help the urologists and nephrologists.

关键词： Renal pelvis Morphology Pelvicalyceal system Urologists Renal calculi Intra-renal pelvis

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Prospects to the formation and control of potential dimer impurity E of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第3期9卷 170-177页

作者： Arun Kumar awasthi Lalit Kumar Punit Tripathi Madhava Golla Cirandur Suresh Reddy Pramod Kumar Micro Labs Ltd. Chemical Research Department API R&D Centre Plot No. 43-45 KIADB IVth Phase Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road Anekal Taluk Bangalore 560105 Karnataka India Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517502 Andhra Pradesh India

Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole derivative, is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor which is primarily used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The monographs of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) specify six impurities, viz.;impurities A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively for its active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The identification and synthesis of all impurities except impurity E are well described in the literature;however, there is no report related to impurity E. The prospects to the formation and controlling of impurity E up to -0.03% in the synthesis of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PAN) were discussed in detail for the first time. The present work described the journey towards the successful development of an optimal preparation procedure of dimer impurity E. The most plausible mechanism involved in the formation of impurity E has been proposed.

关键词： Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate Impurity E Oxidation Enrichment Column chromatography Characterization HPLC

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双金属氰化物在多组分偶联反应中的催化活性(英文)

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催化学报 2011年第10期32卷 1597-1603页

作者： Anaswara RAVINDRAN rajendra SRIVASTAVA Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagar 140001India

Several dual metal cyanide catalysts were prepared from potassium ferrocyanide,metal chloride(where metal = Zn2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+ and Fe2+),t-butanol(complexing agent) and PEG-4000(co-complexing agent).The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis(CHN and X-ray fluorescence),X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and UV-Visible *** dual metal cyanide catalysts were used in several acid catalyzed multi-component coupling reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important organic *** all these reactions,the Fe-Fe containing dual metal cyanide catalyst was the best *** catalysts can be recycled without loss in catalytic *** advantage of this method is the use of mild,efficient and reusable catalysts for various reactions,which makes them candidates for commercial use.

关键词：双元素氰化物合成反应酸催化剂催化活性

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