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Association between Infrared Thermography, Blood Count and Creatine Kinase in the Evaluation of the Welfare of Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第6期13卷 53-67页

作者： Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade raissa karolliny salgueiro cruz César Fabiano Vilela Clarisse Simões Coelho José Dantas Ribeiro Filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Hélio Cordeiro Manso Filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

The Quarter-Horses regularly participate in non-traditional sports that simulate activities on cattle ranches. In the vaquejada races, the horses run at about 30 km/h, reaching maximum heart rates of around 200 bpm, indicating the great physical effort during competitions and with that could impact welfare. To test the hypothesis that vaquejada horses can be evaluated for the quality of welfare through a combination of non-invasive and invasive methods, an experiment was developed that aimed to assess the quality of welfare through thermography and blood biomarkers before and after vaquejada races. Ten vaquejada horses, which were in regular competition, were submitted to the vaquejadas racing test were used. Thermography was performed in 14 regions of interest (head, neck and thorax) in the following phases: pre-race and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Blood samples were collected in pre-race, immediately after and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with p set at 5%. Thermography showed that local temperatures before the race and +24 hours after the races were similar (p > 0.05), as well as between +1 and +4 hours after the races (p > 0.05), which showed higher surface temperatures than the first group (pre-race and +24 hours) (p 0.05) after the exercises. In conclusion, the vaquejada horses evaluated by infrared thermography and blood analyses maintained the quality of well-being, with the physiological elevation of several parameters after the races and recovery in less than 24 hours after the races. Thermographic images were also able to help in the analysis of the regions of interest that have contact with harnesses, demonstrating that the use of adequate and correct equipment does not compromise animal welfare.

关键词： Exercise Equine CK Hematology Equestrian Sports Well-Being

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Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Assessing the Quality of Welfare of Conditioned Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第8期13卷 147-159页

作者： Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva raissa karolliny salgueiro cruz César Fabiano Vilela Joana de Sousa Araújo Simões Clarisse Simões Coelho José Dantas Ribeiro Filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Helio Cordeiro Manso Filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Equine Academic Division Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lusofona University (ULusofona) Lisbon Portugal CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development Universidade de évora évora Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.

关键词： Horse Races Welfare Hormones Cortisol Interleukins Iron

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Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Cattle Tail before and after the <i>Vaquejada</i>Race

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第6期11卷 165-176页

作者： Raíssa karolliny salgueiro cruz Maria Luiza Albuquerque Ribeiro Juliano Sarmento Macedo Brunno Aguiar Ferreira Marcelo Araújo Silva Anaemília das Neves Diniz Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Helio Cordeiro Manso Filho Professor of the Veterinary Medicine course Cesmac University Center (CESMAC) Maceió-AL Brazil Veterinarian and Member of the Association of Veterinarians of Equidae and Bovids of Alagoas (AMVEBAL) Maceió-AL Brazil Adjunct Professor at the Federal University of Alagoas Maceió-AL Brazil Equine Research Center Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife-PE Brazil

The vaquejada race is a sport with animals which has the greatest socio-economic impact in Brazil and is responsible for generating an intense cultural and economic movement. However, this activity has been the subject of questions about well-being involving the environmental and mental comfort conditions offered to equine and cattle interactions. It is necessary to perform technical evaluations of the cattle involved on the basis of scientific study to better understand the processes of sport and, with this, promote their evolution on good welfare practices in the 21st century. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that the use of the official rules of the vaquejada where cattle use a protective harness on the tail protects the cattle’s tail from injuries in this region that compromise health. Before, during and after races, a study was developed that aimed to perform a general and radiological clinical evaluation in the proximal coccygeal region in cattle that ran in a modern cattle stall. Forty male bovines were evaluated (average: 2 year-old and 420 kg). Oxen were subjected to clinical and radiological examination before and after racing with official rules. Results of the clinical and radiological evaluations performed by veterinarians, did not observe clinical occurrences before and after the races in the 40 cattle evaluated. The increase in heart and respiratory rates was a reflection of temporary management stressors, as the animals returned to the feeding/rumination/interaction pattern after running in the rest pen. The radiographic findings in the tail, represented by the reduction of the intervertebral space and areas of subcutaneous radiolucency, suggest technical artifacts derived from

关键词： Zebu Physical Exercise Locomotor Health

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Effort and Recovery in Nellore Oxen during Vaquejada Assessed with Ocular and Tail Infrared Thermography Superficial Temperature

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第7期11卷 258-271页

作者： Raíssa karolliny salgueiro cruz Cesar Fabiano Vilela Diego Barbosa de Freitas Calena Costa Paixão Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Juliette Gonçalves da Silva Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Helio Cordeiro Manso Filho Veterinary Medicine School Cesmac University Center (CESMAC) Maceió Brazil Equine Research Center Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife PE Brazil Private Veterinarian Americana SP Brazil Private Veterinarian Colorado PR Brazil Private Veterinarian Feira de Santana BA Brazil

Infrared thermography (IRT) has emerged for evaluation of animal welfare. To test the hypothesis that cattle subjected to vaquejada increased temperature in the eye (CLO) and tail due to physical effort, a research was developed that aimed to measure maximum surface temperature in the CLO and base of tail using IRT. Eighty Nellore cattle were used, which were subjected to physical effort in three periods (morning, afternoon and night). IRT was performed at CLO and base of tail, in rest pen/corral (control) and during the vaquejada (pre- and post-run). Tails’ analysis was divided in 3 points (E1, E2 and E3). ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.001) were used for analysis. Temperatures were higher in morning and afternoon and different from those at night on control (p < 0.001). During vaquejada with one run, CLO was higher in pre-run, followed by a slight reduction in post-run (p < 0.001). Analyzing temperatures variations at tail, higher temperatures were observed in the morning, followed by the evening and night (p < 0.001), but without differences within the pre- and post-run periods. Temperatures at tail’s points were higher in morning period in cattle with two runs (p < 0.001). Finally, it was concluded that there were no increases in CLO or at tail’s points after vaquejada races. The IRT method was efficient in determining surface temperatures in CLO and tail points in cattle under the same conditions and may be a good noninvasive method for clinical and welfare assessments.

关键词： Thermogram Bovine Welfare Diagnosis Exercise

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