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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 109-129页

作者： Fuller W Bazer Gwonhwa Song Jinyoung Kim Kathrin A Dunlap Michael Carey Satterfield Gregory A Johnson Robert C burghardt Guoyao Wu Department of Animal Science 442D Kleberg Center 2471 TAMU Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-2471 USA Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-2471 USA

There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus （embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes） and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea （CL） which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species.

关键词： Genes Growth factors Interferon stimulated Pregnancy Pregnancy recognition Uterus

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Could a phase model help to improve translational animal research?

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第6期5卷 550-556页

作者： Benjamin Mayer Jan Tuckermann rainer Muche Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different *** particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical ***,transferability of these findings to the human organism is *** other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative ***)provided by such experimental *** general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are ***:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational *** model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal ***:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation *** for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot *** on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical ***:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.

关键词： confirmatory trials hypothesis testing results interpretation transferability

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General Regulatory Patterns of Plant Mineral Nutrient Depletion as Revealed by serat Quadruple Mutants Disturbed in Cysteine Synthesis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 438-466页

作者： Mutsumi Watanabe Hans-Michael Hubberten Kazuki Saito rainer Hoefgen Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan Max-Planck-lnstitut fuer Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm Am Muehlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm RIKEN Plant Science Center Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan

Sulfate is an essential macronutrient for plants. Plants have developed strategies to cope with sulfate deficiency, and other nutrient ion limitations. However, the regulation of these adaptive responses and the coordinating signals that underlie them are still poorly characterized. O-acetylserine （OAS） is a marker metabolite of sulfate starvation and has been speculated to have a signaling function. OAS is synthesized by the enzyme serine acetyltransferase （SERAT）, which is encoded by five distinct genes in Arabidopsis. We investigated quadruple knockout mutants of SERAT that retained only one functional isoform. These mutants displayed symptoms of sulfate starvation. Furthermore, some of them displayed phenotypes typical of prolonged sulfate starvation, in particular, developmental programs associated with senescence or stress responses. Thus, we compared metabolite and transcriptome data from these mutants with N-, P-, K-, and S-depleted plants. This revealed many similarities with general nutrient-depletion-induced senescence （NuDIS）, in- dicating the recruitment of existing regulatory programs for nutrient-starvation responses. Several candidate genes that could be involved in these processes were identified, including transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, as well as the functional categories of their target genes. These results outline components of the regulatory network controlling plant development under sulfate stress, forming a basis for further investigations to elucidate the complete network. In turn, this will advance our broader understanding of plant responses to a range of other nutrient stresses.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress ion/metabolite sensing senescence functional genomics Arabidopsis sulfur.

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A spatially-explicit count data regression for modeling the density of forest cockchafer(Melolontha hippocastani) larvae in the Hessian Ried(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2014年第4期1卷 185-200页

作者： Matthias Schmidt rainer Hurling The Northwest German Forest Research Station

Background： In this paper, a regression model for predicting the spatial distribution of forest cockchafer larvae in the Hessian Ried region （Germany） is presented. The forest cockchafer, a native biotic pest, is a major cause of damage in forests in this region particularly during the regeneration phase. The model developed in this study is based on a systematic sample inventory of forest cockchafer larvae by excavation across the Hessian Ried. These forest cockchafer larvae data were characterized by excess zeros and overdispersion. Methods： Using specific generalized additive regression models, different discrete distributions, including the Poisson, negative binomial and zero-inflated Poisson distributions, were compared. The methodology employed allowed the simultaneous estimation of non-linear model effects of causal covariates and, to account for spatial autocorrelation, of a 2-dimensional spatial trend function. In the validation of the models, both the Akaike information criterion （AIC） and more detailed graphical procedures based on randomized quantile residuals were used. Results： The negative binomial distribution was superior to the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson distributions, providing a near perfect fit to the data, which was proven in an extensive validation process. The causal predictors found to affect the density of larvae significantly were distance to water table and percentage of pure clay layer in the soil to a depth of I m. Model predictions showed that larva density increased with an increase in distance to the water table up to almost 4 m, after which it remained constant, and with a reduction in the percentage of pure clay layer. However this latter correlation was weak and requires further investigation. The 2-dimensional trend function indicated a strong spatial effect, and thus explained by far the highest proportion of variation in larva density. Conclusions： As such the model can be used to support forest practitioners in thei

关键词： Forest cockchafer Larvae Negative binomial distribution Poisson distribution Zerc〉-inflated poissondistribution Systematic sample inventory Generalized additive model Spatial autocorrelation Randomizedquantile residuals

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Absorptive Capacities for Sustainability Technologies:Perspectives from the BRICS and China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2009年第2期7卷 3-10页

作者： rainer Walz Katrin Ostertag Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research Breslauerstr.48KarlsruheGermany Institute for Policy and Management CAS

For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.

关键词： sustainability technologies innovation absorptive capacities BRICS

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A study to investigate needle insertion at Shenshu(BL23) to puncture psoas major muscle

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第2期14卷 128-133页

作者： Kwan Leung Chia rainer Viktor Haberberger School of Medicine Flinders University Anatomy and Histology School of Medicine Flinders University

OBJECTIVE： It is unknown whether the psoas major muscle, thought to be a key muscle for treatment of lower back pain, can be punctured at Shenshu（BL23）.METHODS： Twelve dissected specimens were used for studying the needling pathway of BL23 by perpendicularly inserting the depth-measuring blade of a vernier caliper at BL23. Dimensions of psoas muscle were measured. Correlation studies were conducted. In addition, our samples were grouped by gender and underlying medical conditions for ***： Half（50%） of the needle insertions successfully punctured psoas muscle. The mean depth of needle insertion to puncture psoas muscle（D_（min）） in the group with short-term underlying medical conditions was 38.0 mm（interquartile range 29.0–51.8 mm）, approximately 6 mm deeper than 32.0（29.3–42.5） mm in the group with long-term health problems（P = 0.041）. The cross-sectional area（CSA） of psoas muscle in the former group was on average approximately 1.5 times that of the latter group（P = 0.04）. When the data were analysed by gender, the thickness of psoas muscle in the male group was 19.0（6.5–24.0） mm compared to 19.5（5.8–34.8） mm in the female group（P = 0.02）. The age in the female group（P = 0.04） and the body length of the total group（P = 0.04） negatively correlated to D_（min）.CONCLUSION： Needle insertion at BL23 might be able to puncture psoas muscle. Differences in the CSA of psoas muscle and D_（min） were observed in groups with short-term and long-term underlying medical conditions.

关键词： needle insertion point BL23(Shenshu) psoas muscles

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What paintings say

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作者： Hagen rainer

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Geovisualization with immersive virtual environments in theory and practice

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第2期12卷 123-136页

作者： Florian Hruby rainer Ressl and Genghis de la Borbolla del Valle Department of Geomatics National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity(CONABIO)Mexico CityMexico

Virtual reality(VR)is a frequently emphasized issue on the Digital Earth(DE)*** current DE research is more engaged in the technical aspects of VR applications,this paper focuses on what is possible with immersive virtual environments(IVE)from the user’s *** a brief discussion of spatial presence and embodiment in the context of IVE,both concepts will be merged into a geovisualization immersion pipeline(GIP)as a framework with which to systematically link technical and cognitive aspects of *** will then analyze the general criteria that must be met by IVE in order to facilitate the experience of spatial *** these criteria to the special requirements of geospatial data,a definition of geovisualization immersive virtual environments(GeoIVE)is ***,the theoretical considerations of this paper are set into practice,using a GeoIVE of a coral reef ecosystem as an *** we shall see,while GIS do not provide data models or data compatibility for direct visualization of GeoIVE on VR output devices,game engines can serve as middleware to fill this gap.

关键词： Digital Earth geovisualization virtual reality immersive virtual environments spatial presence

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Targeting of Vacuolar Membrane Localized Members of the TPK Channel Family

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 938-949页

作者： Marcel Dunkel Andreas Latz Karin Schumacher Thomas Muller Dirk Becker rainer Hedrich Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs-lnstitute University of W0rzburg Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Worzburg Germany Heidelberger Institut fur Pflanzenwissenschaften (HIP) University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 230 69120 Heidelberg Germany (K.S.) Present address: Physiological Ecology of Plants University ot T(3bingen Aut der Morgenstelle 1 72016 Tubingen Germany

Four members of the tandem-pore potassium channel family of Arabidopsis thaliana （TPK1, 2, 3, and 5） reside in the vacuolar membrane, whereas TPK4 is a plasma membrane K^＋-channel. By constructing chimeras between TPK1 and TPK4, we attempted to identify channel domains involved in the trafficking process and found that the TPK1 cytoplasmic C-terminal domain （CT） is critical for the ERas well as Golgi-sorting steps. Following site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a diacidic motif （DLE） required for ER-export of TPK1. However, this diacidic motif in the C-terminus is not conserved among other members of the TPK family, and TPK3 sorting is independent of its CT. Moreover, the 14-3-3 binding site of TPK1, essential for channel activation, is not involved in channel sorting.

关键词： Vacuolar Membrane TPK Channel Family Arabidopsis thaliana

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Structure and Function of TPC1 Vacuole SV Channel Gains Shape

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Molecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 764-775页

作者： rainer Hedrich Thomas D. Mueller Dirk Becker Irene Marten Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics University of Wurzburg Julius-yon-Sachs Platz 2 97082 Wurzburg Germany

Plants and animals in endosomes operate TPCI/SV-type cation channels. All plants harbor at least one TPC1 gene. Although the encoded SV channel was firstly discovered in the plant vacuole membrane two decades ago, its biological function has remained enigmatic. Recently, the structure of a plant TPC1/SV channel protein was determined. Insights into the 3D topology has now guided site-directed mutation ap- proaches, enabling structure-function analyses of TPC1/SV channels to shed new light on earlier findings. Fou2 plants carrying a hyperactive mutant form of TPC1 develop wounding stress phenotypes. Recent studies with fou2 and mutants that lack functional TPC1 have revealed atypical features in local and long-distance stress signaling, providing new access to the previously mysterious biology of this vacuolar cation channel type in planta.

关键词： Ca^2+ sensors TPC1/SV channel vacuole membrane voltage voltage sensor

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