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Incidents with Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed-Investigative Work, Risk Management and Economic Consequences

作者： Adam Hans Christian. Metzger rainer.

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第6期8卷 744-785页

作者： rainer Malisch European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food Chemisches und Veterin&auml runtersuchungsamt Freiburg (CVUA State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food) Freiburg Germany

The identification of contamination sources within the food chain with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs), (“dioxins”), and PCBs is difficult and complex. PCDD/PCDF can be formed as unintentional compounds in a number of chemical processes as well as in almost every combustion process. PCBs were intentionally produced chemicals that were manufactured for decades before the ban in marketing and use in many countries around 1985. The pattern of occurrence can change from the original source in particular via feedingstuffs to food of animal origin as result of bioaccumulation. A number of examples illustrate the challenging detective work and key scientific aspects for identification of the sources, for support of the risk management and for performance of monitoring programs. The contamination of milk and milk products in European countries with dioxins was caused by compound feeds containing citrus pulp pellets from Brazil which had high dioxin levels as a result of the use of heavily contaminated lime used for neutralization. The Belgian dioxin crisis was caused by a feed additive heavily contaminated with PCBs which were discharged into a recycled fat used in the production of animal feed. Guar gum from India was contaminated with sodium pentachlorophenate and dioxins. Clay was found to be possibly highly contaminated with dioxins possibly formed by geothermal processes over time;use of such clay as feed additive or for human intake led to elevated dioxin levels in food and humans. Bioanalytical screening in combination with comprehensive physicochemical investigations led to the detection of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in a feed additive. Buffalo milk was contaminated in Italy presumably caused by illegal deposition of waste. High PCB levels in fuel oil for drying of breadcrumb used as a feed ingredient caused a major dioxin crisis with pork meat in Ireland. Fatty acids for technical purposes

关键词： PCDDs PCDFs PCBs Feed Food Detective Work Congener Patterns Contamination Incidents Clay Geophagy Biomonitoring Bromodioxins EU Legislation Maximum Levels Action Levels

Nutrient uptake,maximum yield production,and economic return of maize under deficit irrigation with biochar and inorganic fertiliser amendments

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Biochar 2019年第4期1卷 375-388页

作者： Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi Michael Olarewaju Alatise Babatunde Sunday Ewulo rainer Horn Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Afe Babalola UniversityAdo EkitiNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science CAU KielHermann Rodewaldstr.224118 KielGermany

The individual and combined effects of biochar(B)and inorganic fertiliser(F)have all been widely proofed to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth and yield under irrigation(I)and rain fed ***,the strength of their individual and combined effects on crop productivity has been scarcely *** addition,few studies have assessed their individual and co-application effects on economic ***,a 2-year field experiment which consisted of factorial combination of irrigation(I)[100%full irrigation(FI),80%FI and 60%FI],biochar(0 and 20 t/ha)and fertiliser(0 and 300 kg/ha)was *** to the results,irrigation was the dominant factor that influences maize grain yield,followed by inorganic fertiliser and biochar,and they were all significant in their main *** strength of interaction effects among,I,F and B on maize grain yield follow the sequence F×I>B×F>B×*** economic analysis showed that the ternary combination of B,F and I was more economical than the binary combination of B plus I,and F plus I(in that order),when compared with the standalone application of I at maximum production in the field *** addition,combined applications of biochar and fertiliser improved soil nutrients,nutrient uptake in all irrigation treatments,compared to the standalone applications of biochar or *** research is,therefore,recommended for long-term evaluation of the economic viability of integrating biochar with fertiliser under irrigation.

关键词： Biochar amendment Drip irrigation Maize grain yield Economic evaluation Optimum irrigation

Multiple Calcium-Dependent Kinases Modulate ABA-Activated Guard Cell Anion Channels

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1409-1412页

作者： Sonke Scherzer Tobias Maierhofer Khaled A.S. Al-Rasheid Dietmar Geiger rainer Hedrich University of Würzburg Julius-von-Sachs-InstituteMolecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius-von-Sachs Platz 2D-97082 WürzburgGermany King Saud University Zoology DepartmentCollege of SciencePO Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Dear Editor, The plant hormone abscisic acid （ABA） governs drought stress management in plants. ABA signal transduction appears to be rather short. When under water stress con- ditions, the ABA level rises above a certain threshold and the phytohormone binds to its cytosolic RCAR/PYR/PYL-type receptor （Levchenko et al,, 2005; Joshi-Saha et al., 2011）. Following receptor activation, protein phosphatases of the clade-A PP2C type are inactivated, allowing SnRK protein kinases to phosphorylate their targets, such as bZIP tran- scription factors （Fujii et al., 2009 and references therein）. In guard cells and oocytes, we could demonstrate that the same SnRK-PP2C pair OST1-ABI1 controls the opening of the slow anion channel SLACl （Geiger et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2009）. Besides this calcium-independent activation, SLAC1 is also activated by the calcium-dependent kinases CPK21 and 23, which can be inhibited by ABI1 （Geiger et al., 2010）.

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Power,the Body and Reflexivity:Hans-Herbert K?gler's Hermeneutics in the Context of Critical Sociology

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中外文化与文论 2022年第3期52卷 21-41页

作者： rainer Winter Institute for Media and Communications Alpen-Adria-Universitat in Klagenfurt on Lake Woerther (Austria)

In his contribution,rainer Winter shows how Critical Hermeneutics,as developed by Hans-Herbert Kogler,has deepened our understanding of how agents are anchored in social processes and of their capacity to critically reflect upon these ***,he succeeded in broadening the field of critical theory by combining the anti-positivistic procedure that is hermeneutics with a critical examination of the relations of power and *** doing so,he also refined our understanding of agency and posited "self-empowerment" as an important aspiration.

关键词： power subjectivity understanding dialogue habitus body self-will(Eigensinn) self-empowerment

Supertranslations to All Orders

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Journal of Modern Physics 2010年第1期1卷 59-66页

作者： rainer Dick 不详

We calculate the transformation laws of the general linear superfield and chiral superfields under supertranslations to all orders in the translation parameters . We use the superfield formalism with complete expansions of the component fields in the coordinate shifts . The results show in particular how a general supertranslation transforms each component field of a supermultiplet into a complete superfield. The results also provide complete parametri-zations of orbits of component fields under supertranslations.

关键词： Supersymmetry Supermultiplets Supertranslations

Descemet-membrane endothelial keratoplasty in patients with retinal comorbidity -a prospective cohort study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 390-394页

作者： Kristina Spaniol Christoph Holtmann Jan-Hendrik Schwinde Sophia Deffaa rainer Guthoff Gerd Geerling University Eye Hospital Dusseldorf Moorenstraβe 5Dusseldorf 40225 Germany

AIM： To investigate indications, surgical challenges, and outcome of Descemet -membrane endothelial keratoplasty （DMEK） in patients with retinal comorbidities （RC）. METHODS： In a prospective cohort study, 8 eyes of 8 DMEK-patients with known RC were compared to 38 eyes of 38 DMEK-patients without RC. The duration of surgery, the degree of difficulty graded by the surgeon, and the complications through DMEK-surgery were analyzed for each patient. The best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, the endothelial cell count, the intraocular pressure, and the subjective satisfaction was evaluated after a 6-month follow-up. Data were compared applying the non-parametric Wilcoxon-, Chi-square- and Fisher＇s-exact-test with P≤ 0. 05 as level of significance. RESULTS： RC-patients had dry age-related macular degeneration （n=4） or history of pars-plana vitrectomy （n=4）. The main indication for DMEK was pain due to bullous keratopathy for the RC-patlents （n=7, 88%） and visual impairment due to Fuchs endothelial keratoplasty for the non-RC-patients （n=33, 87% ）. The BCVA increased for both groups （P=0.01, P〈0.001） and all corneas cleared. For the RC-patients, the subjective satisfaction improved significantly （P=0.02）. Oil-filling and missing support of the vitreous body complicated surgery in vitrectomized eyes. CONCLUSION： DMEK is a favorable technique to treat endothelial disorders even if patients suffer from a retinal comorbidity. By enhancing the corneal clarity, it enables retinal examination or intraocular surgery and increases the patients satisfaction. However, in vitrectomized or silicone-oil filled eyes, the duration of surgery and degree of complexity are increased. An experienced surgeon should perform DMEK in these patients. Clinical trial registration number： DRKS00007566.

关键词： Descemet-membrane endothelial keratoplasty age-related macular degeneration pars plana vitrectomy

Anorthern animal kingdom

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中国周刊 2005年第1期 16-23页

作者： rainer Thomm

I began photographing wild animals at Baiquan in 2002,what is really propelling me to go back time and time again,though,is the unforgettable experience of tracking down and getting shots of red foxes and shika.

关键词： Anorthern animal kingdom

One-Dimensionality and the Possibility of Utopia. The Contribution of Herbert Marcuse to a Transformation of the Present

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2017年第4期7卷 470-479页

作者： rainer Winter Alpen Adria-Universitaet Klagenfurt Klagenfurt Austria

Introduction Taking the One-Dimensional Man as a starting point, I would like to show in the following what an important contribution the work of Herbert Marcuse can make to a critical theory of the present. More than 50 years after its first publication, this book seems more relevant than ever. It allows us to understand how domination is exerted and maintained in late capitalism that is today organized according to neoliberal principals. It also allows us to ask if there can be alternatives to this society. To date, one-dimensionality has proven itself to be a relevant basic concept of critical theory that first of all analyses society critically as it is by revealing the forces that sustain, legitimize and stabilize the existing structures.

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Optical Switching of a Quantum Cascade Laser in Continuous Wave Operation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第1期27卷 268-270页

作者： Gang Chen Seong-wook Park I-Chun A. Chen Clyde G. Bethea rainer Martini Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Stevens Institute of Technology Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken N3 07030 USA College of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044

We demonstrate an optical switching in a middle infrared continuous-wave quantum cascade laser operated in single mode by illuminating its front facet with a near infrared laser. A decrease in the laser net gain is observed in the amplified spontaneous emission spectrum. This is attributed to an increase of the carrier concentration caused by the near infrared excitation. The net gain reduction allows the quantum cascade laser to be completely switched off from single mode lasing. This optical switching can be used to convert near infrared signals into middle infrared signals for free space communication.

关键词： Chinese climate network complex systems small world community