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语用学理论(中)

当代语言学 1991年第3期 10-16页

作者： LaurenceR.horn 沈家煊中国社会科学院语言研究所

事实上,Karttunen 和 Peters 在一系列论文中已经将规约隐涵这个类别扩大到包括原先由预设这个概念所占据的地盘,Karttunen ＆ Peters(1979;以下简称 K ＆ P)一文则达到了顶点。在对规约隐涵如何影响语境的解释上,他们在很大程度上求助... 详细信息

事实上,Karttunen 和 Peters 在一系列论文中已经将规约隐涵这个类别扩大到包括原先由预设这个概念所占据的地盘,Karttunen ＆ Peters(1979;以下简称 K ＆ P)一文则达到了顶点。在对规约隐涵如何影响语境的解释上,他们在很大程度上求助于早先对语用预设的解释(Karttunen 1974;Stalnaker 1974),即将其解释为说话人想当然地认为(或象是如此认为)真实的命题。这种处理与Kempson,Wilson和Boer＆ Lycan(1976)等反预设派人士的处理方法得出同一个结论,即预设现象不属于真值条件的性质。

关键词：会话隐涵否定词语用预设真值条件规约解释处理方法元语言否定语言学说话人

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Short wind pulses consistently change the morphology of roots,but not of shoots,across young plants of different growth forms

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 468-476页

作者： Johannes Heinze Luise Werger Michael Ogden Thilo Heinken rainer Hoefgen Ewald Weber Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research and Systematic BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1Potsdam 14469Germany Heinz Sielmann Foundation Dyrotzer Ring 4Wustermark(OT Elstal)14641Germany Department of Molecular Physiology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany School of Biosciences University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Institute of Biochemistry and Biology General BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 3Potsdam 14469Germany

Wind is an environmental stimulus that stresses plants of all growth forms at all life-stages by influencing the development,architecture,and morphology of roots and ***,comparative studies are scarce and no study directly investigated whether shoot and root morphological traits of trees,grasses and forbs differ in their response to short wind pulses of different wind *** this study,we found that across species,wind stress by short wind pulses of increasing intensity consistently changed root morphology,but did not affect shoot morphological traits,except plant height in four *** effects in roots were generally weak in tree species but consistent across growth ***,plant height of species was correlated with changes in specific root length and average *** results indicate that short-pulse wind treatments affect root morphology more than shoot morphology across growth *** further suggest that wind stress possibly promotes root anchorage in young plants and that these effects might depend on plant height.

关键词： Wind stress Leaf traits Root traits Growth form Morphology

Size optimization of conical piezoelectric energy harvester

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Size optimization of conical piezoelectric energy harvester

Energy analysis of a piezoelectric patch laminated on cylindrical panels subjected to harmonic line loadings

2011年全国压电和声波理论及器件应用研讨会

作者： horn-sen TZOU StrucTronics and Control Lab.Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

＜正＞Shell-type piezoelectric energy harvesters show greater potentials in engineering *** research findings find that the resulting energy changes with respect to shell/patch length and width,when the piezoelectric ... 详细信息

关键词： Piezoelectric Energy harvesting Conical shell Optimization,Design

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Energy analysis of a piezoelectric patch laminated on cylind...

Brief an einen jungen Dichter

2011年全国压电和声波理论及器件应用研讨会

作者： horn-sen TZOU StrucTronic Systems and Control Lab Department of Engineering MechanicsSchool of Aeronautics and AstronauticsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310027

＜正＞According to the direct piezoelectric effect,electric energy can be generated in piezoelectric materials when subjected to external *** paper proposes an approximate method to calculate the energy generated in p... 详细信息

关键词： Line load Simply supported Electromechanical Optimal position

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德语人文研究 2010年第3期 19-22页

作者： rainer Maria Rilke

An Franz Xaver Kappus Paris am *** 1903 Sehr geehrter Herr, Ihr Brief hat mich erst vor einigen Tagen *** will Ihnen danken f(u|¨)r sein groβes und liebes *** kann kaum *** kann nicht auf die Art Ihrer Verse eingehen;denn mir liegt jede kritische Absicht zu *** nichts kann man ein Kunst-Werk so wenig ber(u|¨)hren als mit kritischen Worten:

关键词： der Brief an einen jungen Dichter

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Generationen

德语学习 2011年第5期 4-6页

作者： rainer Maria Rilke

In unseren Stuben riecht es am Donnerstag nach Tomaten, am Sonntag nach Gnsebraten, und jeden Montag ist Wsche. So sind die Tage: der rote, der fette, der seifige.

关键词： der Generationen

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Association of the CLC-Kb T481S polymorphism with childhood hypertension

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Health 2010年第7期2卷 682-684页

作者： rainer Büscher 不详

Essential hypertension is a difficult diagnosis in children and the gene of the renal-epithelial chloride channel ClC-Kb is potentially predisposing. In vitro studies have shown that a common ClC-Kb threonine481serine (T481S) polymorphism leads to enhanced chloride channel activity and may predispose for hypertension (HT). We therefore analysed children at risk for HT for the T481S polymorphism and associated genotype with blood pressure (BP) status. A total of 48 children with essential hypertension (mean age 14.4 ±2.7 years, 26 male;22 female;mean BP 143.4 ±7.5/88 ±5.8 mmHg) were compared with 78 children with white-coat HT (WCHT), who showed occasionally hypertensive BP values, which were not confirmed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (mean age 13.7 ±2.5 years, 49 male, 29 female;mean BP 122.4 ±4.3/68.2 ±3.5 mmHg). Other causes of HT were excluded. Allelic frequencies of hypertensive patients were not significantly different from those with WCHT (HT: A 0.84;T 0.16 vs. WCHT: A 0.85;T 0.15). However, the T-allele was observed more frequently in WCHT subjects with systolic and diastolic BP exceeding the 90th percentile (A 0.71;T 0.29, n = 34, p <0.05, considered as borderline hypertensive). The preliminary data suggest that children with WCHT carry the ClC-Kb T481S polymorphism more often and that this variant may predispose for development of arterial HT.

关键词： Essential Hypertension White-Coat Hypertension Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (Abpm) Clc-Kb T481s Polymorphism Renal-Epithelial Chloride Channel

The Effect of Variable Electricity Tariffs in the Household on Usage of Household Appliances

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第4期4卷 353-365页

作者： rainer Stamminger Verena Anstett Household and Appliance Technology Section Institute for Agricultural Engineering University of Bonn Bonn Germany.

Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & ***, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The resu

关键词： Smart Appliances Consumer Behaviour Flexible Energy Tariffs Demand Side Management Demand

Evaluation of process management of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第7期3卷 514-519页

作者： Iris Holzer rainer Lehner Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Feto-Maternal Medicine and Obstetrics Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria

Objective: To evaluate the management process and the guidelines for management of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony at the General Hospital Vienna, Medical University Vienna. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on all 24 cases of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony with an estimated blood loss of more than 800 mL, in which standardized guidelines were obtained. We included all women who gave birth at the General Hospital of Vienna, the Medical University Vienna, during the period from January 1st 2003 and December 31st 2009 and who suffered blood loss 800 mL at minimum due to uterine atony. Results: The guidelines were in use for 14% - 71%. The average blood loss of the 24 cases with uterine atony was 1342 mL. Conclusion: The management process of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony deviates from the hospital’s guidelines in many cases.

关键词： Postpartum Hemorrhage Uterine Atony Management Process