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Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature

Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 36-46页

作者： rainer Janu Verena Mrlik Doris Ribitsch Jakub Hofman Petr Sedlácek Lucie Bielsk Gerhard Soja AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Konrad Lorenz-Str.243430 TullnAustria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz-Str.203430 TullnAustria Masaryk University Faculty of ScienceRECETOXKamenice 753/562500 BrnoCzech Republic Brno University of Technology Materials Research CentrePurkyňova 464/11861200 BrnoCzech Republic University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute for Chemical and Energy EngineeringMuthgasse 1071190 WienAustria

By testing 92 different biochars,this study had the objective to determine the relations between simple physico-chemical characteristics of biochar(elemental composition,ash fraction,specific surface area,process parameters)and infrared sorption characteristics revealing the presence of specific functional *** results of Diffusive Reflection Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy were statistically analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with the biochar characterization parameters as model *** dominant parameters affecting the functional group signals were the pyrolysis temperature,the H/C-ratio and specific surface area of the biochar and the ash *** models were able to explain 60-90%of data variance for specific peaks in the *** application of PCA could further reduce the input parameters to three main factors explaining 70.8%of total data *** of the first two main factors showed the similarity of infrared spectra of biochars produced at 300 and 450℃,whereas a pyrolysis temperature of 600℃ lead to a partial and a 750℃ to a nearly complete loss of biochar surface functional groups.

关键词： FTIR DRIFTS Spectroscopy Characterization Carbonization

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Coronatine-lnsensitive 1 （COI1） Mediates Transcriptional Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to External Potassium Supply

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 390-405页

作者： Patrick Armengaud rainer Breitling Anna Amtmann Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Present address: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unite de nutrition azotee des plantes RD10 78026 Versailles Cedex France Groningen Bioinformatics Centre University of Groningen Kerklaan 30 9751 NN Haren The Netherlands

The ability to adjust growth and development to the availability of mineral nutrients in the soil is an essential life skill of plants but the underlying signaling pathways are poorly understood. In Arab/dops/s thal/ana, shortage of po- tassium （K） induces a number of genes related to the phytohormone jasmonic acid （JA）. Using comparative microarray analysis of wild-type and coi1-16 mutant plants, we classified transcriptional responses to K with respect to their depen- dence on COI1, a central component of oxylipin signaling. Expression profiles obtained in a short-term experiment clearly distinguished between COil-dependent and COil-independent K-responsive genes, and identified both known and novel targets of JA-COIl-signaling. During long-term K-deficiency, coi-16 mutants displayed de novo responses covering similar functions as COil-targets except for defense. A putative role of JA for enhancing the defense potential of K-deficient plants was further supported by the observation that plants grown on low K were less damaged by thrips than plants grown with sufficient K.

关键词： Hormonal regulation nutrition secondary metabolism/natural products transcriptome analysis plantinsect interactions Arabidopsis.

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DNA Damage-Induced Transcription of Transposable Elements and Long Non-coding RNAs in Arabidopsis Is Rare and ATM-Dependent

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Molecular Plant 2016年第8期9卷 1142-1155页

作者： Zhenxing Wang rainer Schwacke Reinhard Kunze institute of Biology - Applied Genetics Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences - DCPS Freie Universit~t Berlin Albrecht-Thaler-Weg 6 14195 Berlin Germany Forschungszentrum JQlich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Plant Sciences (IBG-2) 52425 JQlich Germany

Induction and mobilization of transposable elements （TEs） following DNA damage or other stresses has been reported in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recently it was discovered that eukaryotic TEs are frequently associated with long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）, many of which are also upregulated by stress. Yet, it is unknown whether DNA damage-induced transcriptional activation of TEs and IncRNAs occurs sporadically or is a synchronized, genome-wide response. Here we investigated the transcriptome of Arabidopsis wild- type （WT） and ataxia telangiectasia mutated （atm） mutant plants 3 h after induction of DNA damage. In WT, expression of 5.2% of the protein-coding genes is 〉 2-fold changed, whereas in atm plants, only 2.6% of these genes are regulated, and the response of genes associated with DNA repair, replication, and cell cy- cle is largely lost. In contrast, only less than 0.6% of TEs and IncRNAs respond to DNA damage in WT plants, and the regulation of 〉95% of them is ATM-dependent. The ATM-downstream factors BRCA1, DRM1, JMJ30, AGO2, and the ATM-independent AGO4 participate in the regulation of individual TEs and IncRNAs. Remarkably, protein-coding genes located adjacent to DNA damage-responsive TEs and IncRNAs are frequently coexpressed, which is consistent with the hypothesis that TEs and IncRNAs located close to genes commonly function as controlling elements.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana ataxia telangiectasia mutated DNA damage response transposable element,long non-coding RNA

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Poplar Extrafloral Nectar Is Protected against Plant and Human Pathogenic Fungus

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1157-1159页

作者： María Escalante-Pérez Mario Jaborsky Jorg Reinders Oliver Kurzai rainer Hedrich Peter Ache University Würzburg BiozentrumJulius-von-Sachs-Institut für BiowissenschaftenJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 2D-97082 WürzburgGermany University Regensburg Institute of Functional GenomicsJosef-Engert-Strasse 9D-93053 RegensburgGermany Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Septomics Research CentreBeutenbergstr.11aD-07745 JenaGermany

Dear Editor, Plants secrete nectar to attract mutualistic animals, which predominantly function as pollinators, as in the case of flo- ral nectar, or defenders against herbivores, as in the case of extrafloral nectar （Nicolson et al., 2007）. Because nectars usu- ally represent aqueous solutions containing sugars and other nutrient metabolites （Baker and Baker, 1983）, they are sus- ceptible to infestation by microbial organisms, which can use the nectar-secreting tissues as entry sites to infect the plant. Nectar-secreting tissues thus require an efficient shield against pathogen infections. To date, our knowledge about the way that plants protect their nectar from microorganisms is rather limited. Several reports have focused on ＇defensive chemicals＇,

关键词： LETTERS to the editor NECTAR MYCOSES

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Molecular Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Regulating Cerebral Arterial Contractile Protein in Rats with Cerebral Infarction Based on MLCK Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第1期29卷 61-68页

作者： LI Jing ZHANG Min HE Ying DU Yuan-hao ZHANG Xue-zhu rainer Georgi Bernhard Kolberg Xu Yan-long Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjin300193China Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg69120Germany Uniklinik Mannheim Mannheim68167Germany Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou730050China

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on the vasoconstriction of cerebral artery smooth muscle cells after cerebral *** Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table:the model group(n=24),the EA group(n=24),and the normal group(n=6).The model and the EA groups were divided into different time subgroups at 0.5,1,3,and 6 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),with 6 rats in each *** model was established using intraluminal suture occlusion *** EA group was given EA treatment at acupoint Shuigou(GV 26)instantly after MCAO for 20 *** contents of cerebrovascular smooth muscle MLCK,the 3 subunits of myosin light chain phosphatase(MLCP)MYPT1,PP1c-δand M20,as well as myosin-ATPase activity were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western *** The overall expression level of the MYPT1 and PP1c-δin the model group was significantly higher(P0.05),and the other subgroups were still significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.01).After EA intervention,the expression level of each subgroup was significantly lower than the corresponding model *** was a significant difference between the 0.5 and 1 h subgroups(P<0.01),while a difference was also observed between the 3 and 6 h subgroups(P<0.05).The dynamic change rule gradually increased with the prolongation of infarction time within 6 h after *** EA intervention can inhibit contraction of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate smooth muscle relaxation by regulating MLCK pathway.

关键词： infarction vasomotor MLCK pathway Shuigou(GV 26) electroacupuncture

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Changes in plant community and soil ecological indicators in response to Prosopis juliflora and Acacia mearnsii invasion and removal in two biodiversity hotspots in Southern India

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第1期2卷 61-72页

作者： Rajasekaran Murugan Francesca Beggi Nehru Prabakaran Shafique Maqsood rainer Georg Joergensen Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition University of KasselNordbahnhof Str.1a37213 WitzenhausenGermany Bioversity International India-Regional OfficeCollege of HorticultureGKVK campus560065 BangaloreIndia Indo American Wildlife Society 603211 ChennaiTamil NaduIndia Soil Science University of KasselNordbahnhof Str.1a37213 WitzenhausenGermany Wildlife Institute of India Chandrabani248001 DehradunIndia

Invasion of alien plant species can alter local plant diversity and ecosystem processes closely linked to soil organic carbon(SOC)and nutrient *** ecosystem processes such as microbial respiration and enzyme activity have been poorly explored under alien plant invasion and especially following invasive plant species *** studied the impact of Prosopis juliflora and Acacia mearnsii invasion and subsequent removal on local plant community composition and diversity and on soil microbial respiration and enzyme activity in two biodiversity hotspots in Southern *** of Prosopis promoted recolonisation of local vegetation as indicated by a 38% and 28% increase in species richness and ground vegetation cover,respectively,compared to an unremoved *** and Acacia removal led to a significant reduction in soil microbial biomass C(MBC),respiration,dehydrogenase and urease activity due to increased microbial respiration and N mineralisation *** metabolic quotients qCO_(2) in soil at Prosopis and Acacia removed sites indicate that MBC pools declined at a faster rate than SOC,resulting decreased MBC/SOC ratios compared to their respective removed *** and undisturbed ecosystems maintain more SOC through increased belowground and aboveground C input in the soil,resulting in a higher MBC content per unit *** results indicate that the interaction between above-and below-ground communities is a critical factor determining the structure and dynamics of local plant communities,especially in ecosystems affected by plant invasions.

关键词： Biodiversity Enzyme activities Invasive plant species Metabolic quotient Restoration

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Knsterle

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德语学习 2004年第5期 7-11页

作者： rainer Brambach

Wallfried Kansterle, der einfache Schlosser^1, sitzt nach Feierabend vor dem Fernsehschirm. Wo denn sonst? - Tagesschau, Wetterkarte; die Meisterschaft der Gewichtheber^2 interessiert Kansterle.

关键词：德语阅读欣赏文学作品注释

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The man with golden hands

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中国周刊 2003年第11期 14-15页

作者： rainer THOMM

Lim Soo Foo is a man who can do nearly anything with his hands. Among his most artistic achievements is his collection of hand-crafted pipes that I was able to admire at a recent Cigar Club dinner. But, that is jumping the gun, so let’s go back in *** a lunch of Hainan chicken the next day, Mr Lim told me about his life. His father was born on Hainan Island, so I had inadvertently made the right choice. The best of the Hainan chicken, Mr Lim asserts, comes from Wenchang, his ancestral home. The father went to Malaya with his family while he was still young, and that is where Mr Lim Junior was born, during World War II. When the Japanese forces arrived, the family hid in the

关键词： that in of as for The man with golden hands with been have down

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So much more than just a few puffs of smoke

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中国周刊 2005年第Z1期 18-19页

作者： rainer Thomm

What’s the first thing to come to mind when thinking of Cuba? - Sugar? Rum? Caribbean beauties? - Possibly, but more likely it’s one of life’s ultimate luxuries: high-quality cigars. Imagine spending close to 300 kuai on a stick of tobacco, only to see it go up in smoke within less than an hour! Well, that’s exactly what discerning aficionados of the real thing are now able to do right here in Beijing. Gone are the days when one had to travel to Hong Kong in search of one’s favourite weed. A Habanos cigar shop was opened at the St Regis Hotel just a little while ago - and it was clear that Cubans don’t like to do things by half measures. What a party that was! Everyone who had ever heard of cigars was there - a great night to meet old

关键词： than more So much more than just a few puffs of smoke

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Going out for Some Chow Facets of China(V)

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中国周刊 2003年第8期 38-39页

作者： rainer Thomm

If you’re new to China, why not begin to explore your surroundings by enjoying the food? Don’t worry about going on your own into a restaurant full of unfamiliar faces. You can expect to be well looked after. A smile and some hesitation, and before you know it you will have some delicious local fare and a steaming pot of tea in front of *** watering holes for Westerners

关键词： for in of Going out for Some Chow Facets of China down have that

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