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3omorbidity and survival of patients selected for radica prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第5期15卷 667-671页

作者： Michael Froehner rainer Koch Manfred P Wirth Departments of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Dresden University of Technology Dresden D-01307 Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Dresden University of Technology Dresden D-01307 Germany

Radical prostatectomy in elderly patients is controversial. To identify very old candidates for radical prostatectomy with the highest probability of long-term survival, we studied 47 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2005 at an age of 75 years or older. A heuristic approach was used to search for subgroups with particularly high long-term survival. Several two-sided comorbidity measures and combinations of these measures were investigated to find classifications best identifying healthy, long-living elderly candidates for radical prostatectomy. Four of the 25 two-sided comorbidity classifications or combinations reached the significance level with hazard ratios between 4.00 and 4.80. After 10 years, patients identified as healthy patients according to these comorbidity measurements had exhibited relative survival rates between 129% and 137% and overall survival rates between 86% and 95%, whereas those with comorbidities had exhibited relative survival rates of only 66%-84% and overall survival rates of 44%-58%. In conclusion, classifying comorbidity may identify a meaningful proportion of men selected for radical prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older with an excellent long-term survival probability superseding that of the general population.

关键词： comorbidity old age overall survival prostate cancer radical prostatectomy relative survival

Molecular Dynamics Study of a Thermal Expansion Coefficient： Ti Bulk with an Elastic Minimum image Method

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第5期23卷 1068-1071页

作者： Yakup Hundur rainer Hippler Ziya B. Güven Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey Institut für Physik Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswald DomstraBe 10a D-17487 Greifswald. Germany Electronic and Communication Engineering Cankaya University Balgat Ankara TR-06530 Turkey

Linear thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） of Ti bulk is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The elastic minimum image convention of periodic boundary conditions is introduced to allow the bulk to adjust its size according to the new fixed temperature. The TEC and the specific heat of Ti are compared to the available theoretical and experimental data.

关键词： TITANIUM

Effects of substrate surface treatments on hybrid manufacturing of AlSi7Mg using die casting and selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第25期156卷 142-156页

作者： Haiyang Fan Ann Witvrouw Friedrich Wolf-Monheim rainer Souschek Shoufeng Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Flanders Make KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 300Bbox 2420HeverleeB-3001 LeuvenBelgium Ford Research & Advanced Engineering Ford Research and Innovation Center AachenSüsterfeldstraße 20052072 AachenGermany Yantai Research Institute Harbin Engineering University264000 YantaiChina

To balance the manufacturing cost and customizability of automotive parts,a hybrid manufacturing process combining die-casting and selective laser melting(SLM)is proposed:starting with a conventional cast substrate,SLM is utilized to add additional geometric elements on top of *** this hybrid process,the first priority is to prepare a substrate surface suitable for the subsequent SLM addition of the top-on *** this study,the original cast surface of AlSi7Mg was processed by sandblasting,wire electro-discharge machining,and laser remelting,***,additional AlSi7Mg components were built on both the original cast and treated surfaces through *** hybrid builds,these surfaces and resultant interfaces were examined by optical and scanning electron *** indicate that the defect-free metallurgical joint between the cast and additively added parts can be formed on all surfaces except for the one processed by electro-discharge *** observed epitaxial grain growth crossing the interface implies a strong connection between the cast and the SLMed *** these benefits,also mismatches in microstructure,residual stress level and element distribution between the two parts are *** a comprehensive assessment,laser remelting with no additional machining is recommended as the optimal surface treatment preceding SLM fabrication,because of its user-friendly operation,low cost,and high industrial feasibility.

关键词： Hybrid manufacturing Aluminium alloy Surface treatment Laser remelting Interface Automotive

Could a phase model help to improve translational animal research?

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第6期5卷 550-556页

作者： Benjamin Mayer Jan Tuckermann rainer Muche Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different *** particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical ***,transferability of these findings to the human organism is *** other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative ***)provided by such experimental *** general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are ***:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational *** model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal ***:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation *** for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot *** on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical ***:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.

关键词： confirmatory trials hypothesis testing results interpretation transferability

A spatially-explicit count data regression for modeling the density of forest cockchafer(Melolontha hippocastani) larvae in the Hessian Ried(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2014年第4期1卷 185-200页

作者： Matthias Schmidt rainer Hurling The Northwest German Forest Research Station

Background： In this paper, a regression model for predicting the spatial distribution of forest cockchafer larvae in the Hessian Ried region （Germany） is presented. The forest cockchafer, a native biotic pest, is a major cause of damage in forests in this region particularly during the regeneration phase. The model developed in this study is based on a systematic sample inventory of forest cockchafer larvae by excavation across the Hessian Ried. These forest cockchafer larvae data were characterized by excess zeros and overdispersion. Methods： Using specific generalized additive regression models, different discrete distributions, including the Poisson, negative binomial and zero-inflated Poisson distributions, were compared. The methodology employed allowed the simultaneous estimation of non-linear model effects of causal covariates and, to account for spatial autocorrelation, of a 2-dimensional spatial trend function. In the validation of the models, both the Akaike information criterion （AIC） and more detailed graphical procedures based on randomized quantile residuals were used. Results： The negative binomial distribution was superior to the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson distributions, providing a near perfect fit to the data, which was proven in an extensive validation process. The causal predictors found to affect the density of larvae significantly were distance to water table and percentage of pure clay layer in the soil to a depth of I m. Model predictions showed that larva density increased with an increase in distance to the water table up to almost 4 m, after which it remained constant, and with a reduction in the percentage of pure clay layer. However this latter correlation was weak and requires further investigation. The 2-dimensional trend function indicated a strong spatial effect, and thus explained by far the highest proportion of variation in larva density. Conclusions： As such the model can be used to support forest practitioners in thei

关键词： Forest cockchafer Larvae Negative binomial distribution Poisson distribution Zerc〉-inflated poissondistribution Systematic sample inventory Generalized additive model Spatial autocorrelation Randomizedquantile residuals

Absorptive Capacities for Sustainability Technologies:Perspectives from the BRICS and China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2009年第2期7卷 3-10页

作者： rainer Walz Katrin Ostertag Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research Breslauerstr.48KarlsruheGermany Institute for Policy and Management CAS

For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.

关键词： sustainability technologies innovation absorptive capacities BRICS

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What paintings say

Geovisualization with immersive virtual environments in theory and practice

作者： Hagen rainer

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第2期12卷 123-136页

作者： Florian Hruby rainer Ressl and Genghis de la Borbolla del Valle Department of Geomatics National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity(CONABIO)Mexico CityMexico

Virtual reality(VR)is a frequently emphasized issue on the Digital Earth(DE)*** current DE research is more engaged in the technical aspects of VR applications,this paper focuses on what is possible with immersive virtual environments(IVE)from the user’s *** a brief discussion of spatial presence and embodiment in the context of IVE,both concepts will be merged into a geovisualization immersion pipeline(GIP)as a framework with which to systematically link technical and cognitive aspects of *** will then analyze the general criteria that must be met by IVE in order to facilitate the experience of spatial *** these criteria to the special requirements of geospatial data,a definition of geovisualization immersive virtual environments(GeoIVE)is ***,the theoretical considerations of this paper are set into practice,using a GeoIVE of a coral reef ecosystem as an *** we shall see,while GIS do not provide data models or data compatibility for direct visualization of GeoIVE on VR output devices,game engines can serve as middleware to fill this gap.

关键词： Digital Earth geovisualization virtual reality immersive virtual environments spatial presence

Structure and Function of TPC1 Vacuole SV Channel Gains Shape

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Molecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 764-775页

作者： rainer Hedrich Thomas D. Mueller Dirk Becker Irene Marten Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics University of Wurzburg Julius-yon-Sachs Platz 2 97082 Wurzburg Germany

Plants and animals in endosomes operate TPCI/SV-type cation channels. All plants harbor at least one TPC1 gene. Although the encoded SV channel was firstly discovered in the plant vacuole membrane two decades ago, its biological function has remained enigmatic. Recently, the structure of a plant TPC1/SV channel protein was determined. Insights into the 3D topology has now guided site-directed mutation ap- proaches, enabling structure-function analyses of TPC1/SV channels to shed new light on earlier findings. Fou2 plants carrying a hyperactive mutant form of TPC1 develop wounding stress phenotypes. Recent studies with fou2 and mutants that lack functional TPC1 have revealed atypical features in local and long-distance stress signaling, providing new access to the previously mysterious biology of this vacuolar cation channel type in planta.

关键词： Ca^2+ sensors TPC1/SV channel vacuole membrane voltage voltage sensor