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Characteristics of normal human retinal pigment epithelium cells with extremes of autofluorescence or intracellular granule count

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第1期6卷 11-19页

作者： Katharina Bermond Andreas Berlin Ioana-Sandra Tarau Christina Wobbe rainer Heintzmann Christine A.Curcio Kenneth R.Sloan thomas Ach Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Department of Ophthalmology Ludwigshafen HospitalLudwigshafenGermany Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaGermany Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller University JenaJenaGermany Department of Ophthalmology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Background:Cells of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)accumulate different kinds of granules(lipofuscin,melanolipofuscin,melanosomes)within their cell bodies,with lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin being autofluorescent after blue light *** amounts of lipofuscin granules within the RPE have been associated with the development of RPE cell death and age-related macular degeneration(AMD);however,this has not been confirmed in histology so ***,based on our previous dataset of RPE granule characteristics,we report the characteristics of RPE cells from human donor eyes that show either high or low numbers of intracellular granules or high or low autofluorescence(AF)***:RPE flatmounts of fifteen human donors were examined using high-resolution structured illumination microscopy(HR-SIM)and laser scanning microscopy(LSM).Autofluorescent granules were analyzed regarding AF phenotype and absolute number of *** addition,total AF intensity per cell and granule density(number of granules per cell area)were *** the final analysis,RPE cells with total granule number below 5th or above the 95th percentile,or a total AF intensity±1.5 standard deviations above or below the mean were included,and compared to the average RPE cell at the same *** are presented as mean±standard ***:Within 420 RPE cells examined,42 cells were further analyzed due to extremes regarding total granule *** addition,20 RPE cells had AF 1.5 standard deviations below,28 RPE cells above the mean local AF *** granules predominate in RPE cells with low granule content and low AF *** cells with high granule content have nearly twice(1.8 times)as many granules as an average RPE ***:In normal eyes,outliers regarding autofluorescent granule load and AF intensity signals are rare among RPE cells,suggesting that granule deposition and subsequent AF follows intrinsic control mechanisms at a cellul

关键词： Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) granules autofluorescence(AF) lipofuscin melanolipofuscin melanosomes

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Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1572-1581页

作者： Yaojun Liu rainer Mosenthin Lihong Zhao Jianyun Zhang Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Science University of Hohenheim70593 StuttgartGermany

Background:The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K(VK)supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella ***:A total of 8032-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each(1 bird per replicate)according to a 2×2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels[0 mg/kg(VK0)vs 2 mg/kg VK(VK2)and 2 challenge treatments[Salmonella Enteritidis(SE)vs physiological saline solution(PS)].During the last 3 days of week 43 of age,birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL *** daily or received the same volume of ***:The laying rate,daily egg mass,tibia strength,CT,cOC and cOC/(cOC+ucOC)of VK2 treatment increased(P<0.05)in contrast to VK0,however,the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased(P<0.05)in contrast to ***,medullary area,serum Ca content of SE treatments increased(P<0.05)in contrast to PS *** both SE treatments,the decrease(P<0.05)in birds’tibia strength was associated with higher(P<0.05)Ca levels in *** is an interaction(P<0.05)between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca *** week 42,serum CT was positively correlated with cOC(R=0.99,P=0.009);at week 44,tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD(R=0.95,P=0.045),but negatively correlated with medullary area(R=−0.98,P=0.018).Conclusions:VK(2 mg/kg)supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella *** area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection.

关键词： Calcium Laying hen Salmonella Enteritidis Vitamin K

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Scotia Sea stratigraphy and environmental changes of the past 300 kyrs

Scotia Sea stratigraphy and environmental changes of the pas...

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中国古生物学会第26届学术年会

作者： rainer Gersonde thomas Frederichs Gerhard Kuhn Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft 27568 Bremerhaven Germany Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universitt Bremen 28334 Bremen Germany

The establishment of sediment core stratigraphy in southern high latitudes ocean is hampered by lack of calcareous microfossils,which can be well dated,and the isotopic signature can be globally *** on multi-proxy app... 详细信息

关键词： Scotia Sea stratigraphy magnetic susceptibility diatom biostratigraphy

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An annotated checklist of mammals of Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 3-52页

作者： Simon Musila Ara Monadjem Paul W.Webala Bruce D.Patterson rainer Hutterer Yvonne A.De Jong thomas M.Butynski Geoffrey Mwangi Zhong-Zheng Chen Xue-Long Jiang Mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversit?t der Tiere Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Kenya has a rich mammalian fauna. We reviewed recently published books and papers including the six volumes of Mammals of Africa to develop an up-to-date annotated checklist of all mammals recorded from Kenya. A total of 390 species have been identified in the country, including 106 species of rodents,104 species of bats, 63 species of even-toed ungulates(including whales and dolphins), 36 species of insectivores and carnivores, 19 species of primates,five species of elephant shrews, four species of hyraxes and odd-toed ungulates, three species of afrosoricids, pangolins, and hares, and one species of aardvark, elephant, sirenian and hedgehog. The number of species in this checklist is expected to increase with additional surveys and as the taxonomic status of small mammals(e.g., bats, shrews and rodents) becomes better understood.

关键词： Checklist Rodents Bats Ungulate Carnivores Shrews Kenya

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Current Injection Provokes Rapid Expansion of the Guard Cell Cytosolic Volume and Triggers Ca^2＋ Signals

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Molecular Plant 2016年第3期9卷 471-480页

作者： Lena J. Voss rainer Hedrich M. Rob G. Roelfsema Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences Biocenter Werzburg University Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Werzburg Germany

High-resolution microscopy opens the door for detailed single-cell studies with fluorescent reporter dyes and proteins. We used a confocal spinning disc microscope to monitor fluorescent dyes and the fluorescent protein Venus in tobacco and Arabidopsis guard cells. Multi-barreled microelectrodes were used to inject dyes and apply voltage pulses, which provoke transient rises in the cytosolic Ca^2＋ level. Voltage pulses also caused changes in the distribution of Lucifer Yellow and Venus, which pointed to a reversible increase of guard cell cytosolic volume. The dynamic cytosolic volume changes turned out to be provoked by current injection of ions. A reduction of the clamp current, by blocking K^＋ uptake channels with Cs^＋, strongly suppressed the cytosolic volume changes. Cs^＋ not only inhibited the expansion of the cytosol, but also inhibited hyperpolarization-induced elevations of the cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration. A complete loss of voltage-induced Ca^2＋ signals occurred when Ca^2＋-permeable plasma membrane channels were simultaneously blocked with La^3＋. This shows that two mechanisms cause hyperpolarization-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca^2＋-concentration：（i） activation of voltage-dependent Ca^2＋-permeable channels, （ii） osmotically induced expansion of the cytosol, which leads to a release of Ca^2＋ from intracellular stores.

关键词： guard cell cytosolic Ca^2+ cytosolic volume voltage clamp current injection ion channel

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MAPPING THE DAMAGED ZONE AROUND THE CRACK TIP IN HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE WITH SYNCHROTRON MICROFOCUS SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING TECHNIQUE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2010年第2期28卷 165-170页

作者： Hans-Friedrich Enderle Dieter Lilge Stephan V.Roth rainer Gehrke Jens Rieger 门永锋 Basell Polyolefine GmbH R&D65926 FrankfurtGermany HASYLAB am DESY Notkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany BASF SE Polymer Research67056 LudwigshafenGermany State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

The structural changes around a crack tip in a high density polyethylene were investigated by means of scanning synchrotron microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering technique. The scattering data confirm the process of craze structure development near a crack tip based on the evolution of voids. In addition, it was found that the main stress in the plastic zone near a crack tip exhibited a gradient distribution with respect to its strength and direction. The whole damaged area showed a strain distribution indicating a flow behavior toward the crack tip.

关键词： High density polyethylene Microfocus SAXS Crack tip Voids.

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Titanium allergy or not? “Impurity” of titanium implant materials

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Health 2010年第4期2卷 306-310页

作者： thomas Harloff Wolfgang Honle Ulrich Holzwarth rainer Bader Peter thomas Alexander Schuh Research Unit Neumarkt Clinical CenterNeumarktGermany Orthopedic Clinic Neumarkt NeumarktGermany MedTitan ErlangenGermany Orthopedic Clinic and Polyclinic University of RostockRostockGermany Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich MunichGermany

For patients suffering from allergies to nickel, chrome and cobalt, titanium implants are the implants of choice. Nevertheless, titanium implant sensitivity has been reported in the form of “allergies” and an increasing number of patients are confused. This paper aims to use spectral analysis as a diagnostic tool for analyzing different titanium implant alloys in order to determine the percentage of the alloy components and additions that are known to cause allergies. Different materials, such as sponge titanium, TiAl6Nb7, Ti21SRx, TiAl6V4 [forged alloy], TiAl6V4 [cast alloy], TMZF, pure titanium [c. p. 1] and iodide titanium were analyzed for the presence of the elements that have been associated with allergic reactions using spectral analysis. All the implant material samples contained traceable amounts of Be, Cd, Co, up to a maximum of 0.001 percent by weight [wt.%], Cr up to 0.033 wt.%, Cu up to 0.007 wt.%, Hf up to 0.035 wt.%, Mn up to 0.007 wt.%, Ni up to 0.031 wt.%, and Pd up to 0.001 wt.%. This paper demonstrates that all the investigated implant material samples contained a low but consistent percentage of components that have been associated with allergies. For example, low nickel contents are related to the manufacturing pro- cess and are completely dissolved in the titanium grid. Therefore, they can virtually be classified as “impurities”. Under certain circumstances, these small amounts may be sufficient to trigger allergic reactions in patients suffering from the corresponding allergies, such as a nickel, palladium or chrome allergy.

关键词： Allergy Implant Nickel Spectral Analysis Titanium

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GalevNB:a conversion from N-body simulations to observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第3期16卷 1-10页

作者： Xiao-Ying Pang Christoph Olczak Di-Feng Guo rainer Spurzem Ralf Kotulla National Astronomical Observatories and Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418China Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Zentrum für Astronomie der Universitat HeidelbergMonchhofstr.12-1469120 HeidelbergGermany Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Lab for Astrophysics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison475 N Charter StMadison WI 53706USA

We present GalevNB （Galev for N-body simulations）, a utility that converts fundamental stellar properties of N-body simulations into observational properties using the GALEV （GAlaxy EVolutionary synthesis models） package, and allowing direct comparisons between observations and N-body simulations. It works by converting fundamental stellar properties, such as stellar mass, temperature, luminosity and metallicity into observational magnitudes for a variety of filters used by mainstream instruments/telescopes, such as HST, ESO, SDSS, 2MASS, etc., and into spectra that span the range from far-UV （90 A） to near-IR （160 ~tm）. As an application, we use Ga 1 evNB to investigate the secular evolution of the spectral energy distribution （SED） and color magnitude diagram （CMD） of a simulated star cluster over a few hundred million years. With the results given by GalevNB we discover a UV-excess in the SED of the cluster over the whole simulation time. We also identify four candidates that contribute to the FUV peak： core helium burning stars, second asymptotic giant branch （AGB） stars, white dwarfs and naked helium stars.

关键词： stars kinematics and dynamics -- stars C-M diagrams -- stars AGB and post-AGB -- stars white dwarf

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Effect of the desolventizing/toasting process on chemical composition and protein quality of rapeseed meal

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 205-216页

作者： rainer Mosenthin Ulrike Messerschmidt Nadja Sauer Patrick Carre Alain Quinsac Friedrich Schone University of Hohenheim Institute of Animal Science Emil-Wolff Strasse 10 Stuttgart 70599 Germany KWS SAAT SE Grimsehlstrasse 31 Einbeck 37555 Germany Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Speyer Obere Langgasse 40 Speyer 67346 Germany OLEAD 11 rue Monge Parc Industriel Pessac 33600 France Terres Inovia 11 rue Monge Parc Industriel Pessac 33600 France Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture Naumburger Strasse 98 Jena 07743 Germany

Background： During processing in a desolventizer/toaster（DT）, rapeseed meal（RSM） is heated to evaporate the hexane and to reduce the level of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates（GSL）. However, excessive heat treatment may reduce amino acid（AA） content in addition to lower AA digestibility and availability in RSM. The objective of the present study was to produce from one batch of a 00-rapeseed variety（17 μmol GSL/g dry matter（DM）, seed grade quality） five differently processed RSM under standardized and defined conditions in a pilot plant,and to determine the impact of these different treatments on protein solubility and chemical composition, in particular with regard to contents of AA including reactive Lys（rL ys） and levels of total and individual ***： Four RSM were exposed to wet toasting conditions（WetT C） with increasing residence time in the DT of 48,64, 76, and 93 min. A blend of these four RSM was further processed, starting with saturated steam processing（〈 100 °C）and followed by exposure to dry toasting conditions（DryT C） to further reduce the GSL content in this ***： The contents of neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber bound crude protein（CP） increased linearly（P 〈 0.05）, as residence time of RSM in the DT increased from 48 to 93 min, whereas contents of total and most individual GSL and those of Lys, rL ys, Cys, and the calculated ratio of Lys：CP and r Lys：CP decreased linearly（P ≤ 0.05）.The combination of wet heating and DryT C resulted in the lowest GSL content compared to RSM produced under WetT C, but was associated with lowest protein ***： It can be concluded that by increasing residence time in the DT or using alternative processing conditions such as wet heating combined with DryT C, contents of total and individual GSL in RSM can be substantially *** in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate if and to which extent the observed differences in protein quality and

关键词： Anti-nutritional factor Glucosinolate Processing Protein quality Rapeseed meal

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A New Kind of Atomic Force Microscopy Scan Control Enabled by Artificial Intelligence:Concept for Achieving Tip and Sample Safety Through Asymmetric Control

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第2期7卷 50-59页

作者： Johannes Degenhardt Mohammed Wassim Bounaim Nan Deng rainer Tutsch Gaoliang Dai Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Bundesallee 10038116 BrunswickGermany Institut Für Prozessmess-und Sensortechnik Technische Universität Ilmenau EhrenbergstraBe 2998693 IlmenauGermany Institute of Production Metrology TU Braunschweig SchleinitzstraBe 2038106 BrunswickGermany

This paper introduces a paradigm shift in atomic force microscope(AFM)scan control,leveraging an artificial intelligence(AI)-based *** contrast to conventional control methods,which either show a limited performance,such as proportional integral differential(PID)control,or which purely focus on mathematical optimality as classical optimal control approaches,our proposed AI approach redefines the objective of control for achieving practical *** presented AI controller minimizes the root-mean-square control deviations in routine scans by a factor of about 4 compared to PID control in the presented setup and also showcases a distinctive asymmetric response in complex situations,prioritizing the safety of the AFM tip and sample instead of the lowest possible control *** development and testing of the AI control concept are performed on simulated AFM scans,demonstrating its huge potential.

关键词： Atomic force microscopy Artificial intelligence Deep reinforcement learning Optimal control

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