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Distribution and effects of polymorphic RANTES gene alleles in HIV/HCV coinfection - A prospective cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第48期11卷 7631-7638页

作者： Golo Ahlenstiel Agathe Iwan Jacob Nattermann Karin Bueren Jürgen K Rockstroh Hans H Brackmann Bernd Kupfer Olfert Landt Amnon peled Tilman Sauerbruch Ulrich Spengler rainer p woitas Department of Internal Medicine 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology TIB MOLBIOL Synthesis Laboratory Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy

AIM: Chemokines and their receptors are crucial for immune responses in HCV and HIV infection. RANTES gene polymorphisms lead to altered gene expression and influence the natural course of HIV infection. Therefore,these mutations may also affect the course of HIV/HCV ***: We determined allele frequencies of RANTES-403 (G→A), RANTES-28 (C→G) and RANTESIN1.1 (T→C) polymorphisms using real-time pCR and hybridization probes in patients with HIV (n = 85), HCV (n= 112), HIV/HCV coinfection (n = 121), and 109 healthy controls. Furthermore, HIV and HCV loads as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts were compared between different RANTES ***: Frequencies of RANTES-403 A, RANTES-28 G and RANTES-IN1.1 C alleles were higher in HIV infected patients than in healthy controls (-403: 28.2% vs 15.1%,p = 0.002; -28: 5.4% vs 2.8%, not significant; IN1.1:19.0% vs 11.0%, p = 0.038). In HIV/HCV coinfected patients, these RANTES alleles were less frequent than in patients with HIV infection alone (15.4% p = 0.002;1.7%; p = 0.048; 12.0%; not significant). Frequencies of these alleles were not significantly different between HIV/HCV positive patients, HCV positive patients and healthy ***: All three RANTES polymorphisms showed increased frequencies of the variant allele exclusively in patients with HIV monoinfection. The finding that the frequencies of these alleles remained unaltered in HIV/HCV coinfected patients suggests that HCV coinfection interferes with selection processes associated with these alleles in HIV infection.

关键词： RANTES polymorphism HIV/HCV-coinfectJon HCV

3omorbidity and survival of patients selected for radica prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第5期15卷 667-671页

作者： Michael Froehner rainer Koch Manfred p Wirth Departments of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Dresden University of Technology Dresden D-01307 Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Dresden University of Technology Dresden D-01307 Germany

Radical prostatectomy in elderly patients is controversial. To identify very old candidates for radical prostatectomy with the highest probability of long-term survival, we studied 47 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2005 at an age of 75 years or older. A heuristic approach was used to search for subgroups with particularly high long-term survival. Several two-sided comorbidity measures and combinations of these measures were investigated to find classifications best identifying healthy, long-living elderly candidates for radical prostatectomy. Four of the 25 two-sided comorbidity classifications or combinations reached the significance level with hazard ratios between 4.00 and 4.80. After 10 years, patients identified as healthy patients according to these comorbidity measurements had exhibited relative survival rates between 129% and 137% and overall survival rates between 86% and 95%, whereas those with comorbidities had exhibited relative survival rates of only 66%-84% and overall survival rates of 44%-58%. In conclusion, classifying comorbidity may identify a meaningful proportion of men selected for radical prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older with an excellent long-term survival probability superseding that of the general population.

关键词： comorbidity old age overall survival prostate cancer radical prostatectomy relative survival

Stochastic Differential Games with Reflection and Related Obstacle problems for Isaacs Equations

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2011年第4期27卷 647-678页

作者： rainer BUCKDAHN Département de Mathématiques Université de Bretagne Occidentale6avenue Victor-le-GorgeuB.P.80929285 Brest cedexFrance Institute for Advanced Study Shangdong UniversityJinan 250100China

In this paper we first investigate zero-sum two-player stochastic differential games with reflection, with the help of theory of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations （RBSDEs）. We will establish the dynamic programming principle for the upper and the lower value functions of this kind of stochastic differential games with reflection in a straightforward way. Then the upper and the lower value functions are proved to be the unique viscosity solutions to the associated upper and the lower Hamilton-Jacobi-Bettman-Isaacs equations with obstacles, respectively. The method differs significantly from those used for control problems with reflection, with new techniques developed of interest on its own. Further, we also prove a new estimate for RBSDEs being sharper than that in the paper of E1 Karoui, Kapoudjian, pardoux, peng and Quenez （1997）, which turns out to be very useful because it allows us to estimate the Lp-distance of the solutions of two different RBSDEs by the p-th power of the distance of the initial values of the driving forward equations. We also show that the unique viscosity solution to the approximating Isaacs equation constructed by the penalization method converges to the viscosity solution of the Isaacs equation with obstacle.

关键词： stochastic differential games value function reflected backward stochastic differential equations,dynamic programming principle Isaacs equations with obstacles viscosity solution

Insights into ligand expression heterogeneity across multiple cell types in the adult forebrain that regulates neural stem cell behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1369-1371页

作者： rainer Akkermann Kasum Azim Department of Neurology and Neuroregeneration Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

In the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), neural cell generation is restricted to two highly specialized germinal niches. These are the subventricular zone (SVZ) that borders the forebrain lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. In the case of the former niche, the SVZ gives rise daily to thousands of migratory neuroblasts that travel long distances to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream. Neural stem cells (NSCs) first engage through a sequence of activation phe no types and give rise to transiently amplifying progenitors (TAps) that subsequently differentiate into neuroblasts. Once in the olfactory bulb, they generate phenotypically distinct neurons. Most of these constitute the interneuron class that is preferentially derived from the lateral portion of the SVZ, whilst a small proportion of projection neurons are also formed from the dorsal SVZ.

关键词： Insights ligand expression cell behavior

Effects of elevated pO_3 on carbon cycle between above andbelowground organs of trees

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 932-936页

作者： LIU Xi-ping Rennenberg Heinz Matyssek rainer College of Life Sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China Institute of Forest Botany and Tree physiology University Freiburg D-79110 Freiburg Germany Department of Ecopogy/Ecophysiology of plants Technical University Munich D-85354 Freising Germany

Translocation of carbohydrate from leaves to roots via phloem and reallocation from roots to leaves via xylem regulate the allocation of carbon （C） between above and belowground organs of trees. To quantitatively analyze effects of elevated ozone concentrations pO3 on the internal cycle of C, juvenile beech and spruce were grown in phytotrons and exposed to ambient and elevated pO3 （i.e. twice-ambient O3 levels, restricted to 〈 150 ppb） for two growing seasons. The translocation of C in the phloem and xylem was quantitatively studied by investigating the phloem/xylem-loading of sugars, the differentiation of stem conductive tissue and the hourly water flow through the stem. Results in the present study shown, elevated pO3 significantly decreased C translocation from shoot to roots in beech by reducing both sugar concentration in the phloem and conductive phloem area. Elevated pO3 also significantly decreased C reallocation from the roots to the shoot in beech by reducing both of sugar concentration in the xylem and transpiration rate. The adverse effects of elevated pO3 on C translocation in the phloem and xylem, however, were small in spruce. Contrasting to beech, spruce is less sensitive to elevated pO3, regarding to phloem differentiation and sugar concentrations in the phloem and xylem.

关键词： beech carbon cycle elevated pO3 phloem spruce xylem

poplar Extrafloral Nectar Is protected against plant and Human pathogenic Fungus

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Molecular plant 2012年第5期5卷 1157-1159页

作者： María Escalante-pérez Mario Jaborsky Jorg Reinders Oliver Kurzai rainer Hedrich peter Ache University Würzburg BiozentrumJulius-von-Sachs-Institut für BiowissenschaftenJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 2D-97082 WürzburgGermany University Regensburg Institute of Functional GenomicsJosef-Engert-Strasse 9D-93053 RegensburgGermany Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Septomics Research CentreBeutenbergstr.11aD-07745 JenaGermany

Dear Editor, plants secrete nectar to attract mutualistic animals, which predominantly function as pollinators, as in the case of flo- ral nectar, or defenders against herbivores, as in the case of extrafloral nectar （Nicolson et al., 2007）. Because nectars usu- ally represent aqueous solutions containing sugars and other nutrient metabolites （Baker and Baker, 1983）, they are sus- ceptible to infestation by microbial organisms, which can use the nectar-secreting tissues as entry sites to infect the plant. Nectar-secreting tissues thus require an efficient shield against pathogen infections. To date, our knowledge about the way that plants protect their nectar from microorganisms is rather limited. Several reports have focused on ＇defensive chemicals＇,

关键词： LETTERS to the editor NECTAR MYCOSES

Underutilized plant Species in Far West Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： Ripu M.KUNWAR Laxmi MAHAT Lila N.SHARMA Keshab p.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOMINEE rainer W.BUSSMANN Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GpO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal Natural History Museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan William L.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词： Underutilized plants Relativeimportance (R/) Ethnoveterinary use Conservation Nepal

Level of education and mortality after radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 173-177页

作者： Michael Froehner rainer Koch Stefan propping Dorothea Liebeheim Matthias Hfibler Gustavo B Baretton Oliver W Hakenberg Manfred p Wirth Department of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universit~t Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of pathology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Urology University of Rostock Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6 D-18055 Rostock Germany

Estimating the risk of competing mortality is of importance in men with early prostate cancer to choose the most appropriate way of management and to avoid over- or under-treatment. In this study, we investigated the impact of the level of education in this context. The study sample consisted of 2630 patients with complete data on level of education （college, university degree, master craftsmen, comparable profession, or others）, histopathological tumor stage （organ confined or extracapsular）, lymph node status （negative or positive）, and prostatectomy specimen Gleason score （〈7, 7, or 8-10） who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2007. Overall, prostate cancer-specific, competing, and second cancer-related mortalities were study endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on these endpoints. A higher level of education was independently associated with decreased overall mortality after radical prostatectomy （hazard ratio [HR]： 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]： 0.62-0.91, p = 0.0037）. The mortality difference was attributable to decreased second cancer mortality （HR： 0.59, 95% Ch 0.40-0.85, p = 0.0052） and noncancer mortality （HR： 0.73, 95% Ch 0.55-0.98, p = 0.0345） but not to differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality （HR： 1.16, 95% Ch 0.79-1.69, p = 0.4536 in the full model）. In conclusion, the level of education might serve as an independent prognostic parameter supplementary to age, comorbidity, and smoking status to estimate the risk of competing mortality and to choose optimal treatment for men with early prostate cancer who are candidates for radical prostatectomy.

关键词： comorbidity competing risk analysis level of education life expectancy mortality proportional hazards model prostate cancer radical prostatectomy smoking socioeconomic status

Could a phase model help to improve translational animal research?

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第6期5卷 550-556页

作者： Benjamin Mayer Jan Tuckermann rainer Muche Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different *** particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical ***,transferability of these findings to the human organism is *** other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative ***)provided by such experimental *** general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are ***:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational *** model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal ***:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation *** for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot *** on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical ***:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.

关键词： confirmatory trials hypothesis testing results interpretation transferability