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An Update on Xylan Synthesis

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 769-771页

作者： Anett Doering rahul Lathe Staffan Persson Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany

Plant cell walls are complex structural frameworks that affect cell shape and differentiation, and that protect the plant cell against environmental conditions （Scheller and Ulvskov, 2010）. One of the major componen... 详细信息

关键词： GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASES BIOSYNTHESIS GENES PROTEINS MEMBERS IRX15 GT43

Carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery: Risk factors, prevention, and management

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第1期8卷 54-60页

作者： rahul K.Sharma Alexandria L.I race Jonathan B.Overdevest David A.Gudis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA

Objective:Endoscopic approaches for sinus and skull base surgery are increasing in *** objective of this narrative review is to characterize risk factors for internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery(EES),highlight preventative measures,and illustrate key management *** Sources:Comprehensive literature ***:Relevant literature was reviewed using PubMed/***:Carotid artery injury in EES is rare,with most studies reporting an incidence below 0.1%.Anatomic aberrancies,wide dissection margins,as well as specific provider and hospital factors,may increase the risk of *** teams,comprehensive preoperative imaging,patient risk assessment,and formal training in vascular emergencies may reduce the *** protocols should emphasize proper visualization of the injury site,fluid replacement,rapid packing,angiography,and endovascular techniques to achieve ***:While EES is a relatively safe procedure,carotid artery injury is a devastating complication that warrants full consideration in surgical *** preventative measures include identifying patients with notable risk factors and obtaining preoperative *** teams and management protocols are ultimately necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.

关键词： carotid injury complications internal carotid pituitary pituitary adenoma pituitary tumor skull base surgery surgical outcomes transphenoidal

Prevalence and risk factors of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites:An often unconsidered mechanism

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第10期15卷 1140-1152页

作者： rahul Arya Ramesh Kumar Tarun Kumar Sudhir Kumar Utpal Anand Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi Tanmoy Maji Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia

BACKGROUND The lymphatic system is crucial in maintaining the body fluid homeostasis.A dysfunctional lymphatic system may contribute to the refractoriness of ascites and edema in cirrhosis ***,assessment of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites(RA)can be crucial as it would call for using different strategies for fluid *** To assessing the magnitude,spectrum,and clinical associations of lymphatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis patients with *** This observational study included 155 consecutive cirrhosis patients with *** presence of clinical signs of lymphedema,such as peau d’orange appearance and positive Stemmer sign,intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)on duodenal biopsy seen as dilated vessels in the lamina propria with strong D2-40 immunohistochemistry,and chylous ascites were used to diagnose the overt lymphatic *** A total of 69(44.5%)patients out of 155 had evidence of lymphatic *** lymphedema,found in 52(33.5%)patients,was the most common manifestation,followed by IL in 42(27.0%)patients,and chylous ascites in 2(1.9%)*** to patients without lymphedema,those with lymphedema had higher mean age,median model for end-stage liver disease scores,mean body mass index,mean ascitic fluid triglyceride levels,and proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia(serum total protein<5 g/dL)and lymphocytopenia(<15%of total leukocyte count).Patients with IL also had a higher prevalence of lymphocytopenia and hypoproteinemia(28.6%vs.9.1%,P=0.004).Seven(13%)patients with lymphedema had lower limb cellulitis compared to none in those without *** multivariate regression analysis,factors independently associated with lymphatic dysfunction included obesity[odds ratio(OR):4.2,95%confidence intervals(95%CI):1.1–15.2,P=0.027],lymphocytopenia[OR:6.2,95%CI:2.9–13.2,P<0.001],and hypoproteinemia[OR:3.7,95%CI:1.5–8.82,P=0.003].CONCLUSION Lymphatic dysfunction is common in cirrho

关键词： Cirrhosis Lymphedema Lymphangicetasia Refractory ascites Chylous ascites Lymphocytopenia

Enrichment and immobilization of macromolecular analytes on a porous membrane utilizing permeation drag

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第3期8卷 187-193页

作者： Pedram Madadkar rahul Sadavarte Raja Ghosh Department of Chemical Engineering Mc Master University

Enrichment and immobilization of analytes by chemical bonding or physical adsorption is typically the first step in many commonly used analytical techniques. In this paper, we discuss a permeation drag based technique as an alternative approach for carrying out location-specific immobilization of macro- molecular analytes. Fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） labeled macromolecules and their complexes were enriched near the surface of ultrafiltration membranes and detected by direct visual observation and fluorescence imaging. The level of macromolecule enrichment at the immobilization sites could be controlled by manipulating the filtration rate and thereby the magnitude of permeation drag. Higher enrichment as indicated by higher fluorescence intensity was observed at higher filtration rates. Also, larger macromolecules were more easily enriched. The feasibility of using this technique for detecting immunocomplexes was demonstrated by carrying out experiments with FITC labeled bovine serum al- bumin （FITC-BSA） and its corresponding antibody. This permeation drag based enrichment technique could potentially be developed further to suit a range of analytical applications involving more sophis- ticated detection methods.

关键词： Macromolecule Enrichment Immobilization Concentration polarization Permeation draglmmunoassay Membrane Ultrafiltration

Optimization and Extension of Shelf-Life of Chapati Using Selected Natural Plant Extracts as Preservatives

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 906-930页

作者： Rajkumar rahul Sanjeevirayar Arrivukkarasan Shanmugam Anhuradha Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Annamalai University Tamil Nadu India

Whole wheat flour is employed to prepare an unleavened flat-baked chapati product. The majority of people in Asian communities residing all over the world and the Indian subcontinent consume chapati as a traditional staple food. There is an increase in demand for ready-to-eat chapatis due to changes in lifestyle, so this study was initiated to increase the shelf-life of chapatis using selected plant samples through optimization. The optimized dough was seen to have a good leavening and soft texture with no change in their appearance, order, or taste. The spoilage of the prepared and stored chapattis was monitored. At the conclusion of the 20 trials, the range of shelf-life obtained was between 14 to 16 days. On studying the goodness of fit statistics in the model used for the optimization based on the low s value (0.3717), there is a better description of the response. 97.94% R2 value was obtained with consideration of the response describing the fitness of the model. Similarly, its right and it determines adjacent R2 value, and predicted R2 value was not substantially less than the R2 value making the model fit. On encoding the values 0.6625 for turmeric, 0.6625 for the sweet flag, and 0.7305 for tea powders can be used to obtain the maximized shelf-life of 16 days.

关键词： Chapatti Turmeric Sweet Flag Tea and Optimization

CFD-DEM study of effect of bed thickness for bubbling fluidized beds

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Particuology 2012年第5期10卷 532-541页

作者： Tingwen Li Pradeep Gopalakrishnan rahul Garg Mehrdad Shahnam National Energy Technology Laboratory Department of EnergyMorgantownWV26505USA URS Corporation MorgantownWV26505USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

The effect of bed thickness in rectangular fluidized beds is investigated through the CFD-DEM simula- tions of small-scale systems. Numerical results are compared for bubbling fluidized beds of various bed thicknesses with respect to particle packing, bed expansion, bubble behavior, solids velocities, and par- ticle kinetic energy. Good two-dimensional （2D） flow behavior is observed in the bed having a thickness of up to 20 particle diameters. However, a strong three-dimensional （3D） flow behavior is observed in beds with a thickness of 40 particle diameters, indicating the transition from 2D flow to 3D flow within the range of 20-40 particle diameters. Comparison of velocity profiles near the walls and at the center of the bed shows significant impact of the front and back walls on the flow hydrodynamics of pseudo-2D fluidized beds. Hence, for quantitative comparison with experiments in pseudo-2D columns, the effect of walls has to be accounted for in numerical simulations.

关键词： Bubbling fluidized bedCFDWall effectDiscrete element methodPseudo-2DFlow hydrodynamics

Geochemistry of the Palaeo–Mesoproterozoic Tadpatri shales,Cuddapah basin, India: implications on provenance,paleoweathering and paleoredox conditions

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第5期37卷 715-733页

作者： rahul Mitra Gopal Chakrabarti Debasish Shome Department of Geological Sciences Jadavpur University Education Directorate Government of West Bengal

The Palaeo–Mesoproterozoic Tadapatri formation of the Cuddapah basin is comprised of clastic sedimentary rocks with minor carbonates and mafic–ultramafic sill bodies. Geochemistry of the shale is used to study the provenance, paleoweathering and paleoredox conditions of this Tadpatri formation in order to better understand the development of the Cuddapah basin during Palaeo–Mesoproterozoic time. The higher CIA(average 74.39), PIA(average 85.94) and CIW(average 87.59) values of the Tadpatri shales suggest intensely weathered *** Al2_ O_3/TiO_2(average 30.78) and LREE/HREE ratio(average 8.80) with negative europium anomaly indicate derivation of the clastic sediments from a felsic source rock. The geochemical parameters like U, U/Th, Cu/Zn,Ni/Co, V/Cr ratios reveal that the Tadpatri shales are mainly deposited in an oxic condition.

关键词：地球化学页岩起源 Al2O3/TiO2 印度岩石组成 Cu/Zn 水准

Universal converse flexoelectricity in dielectric materials via varying electric field direction

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2021年第1期12卷 107-128页

作者： Saurav Sharma Rajeev Kumar rahul Vaish School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MandiMandiIndia

Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical cou-pling phenomenon that outperforms piezoelectricity at micro and nanoscales due to its size-dependent behavior arising from gradi-ent terms in its constitutive ***,due to this gradient term flexoelectricity,to exhibit itself,requires specially designed geometry or material composition of the dielectric *** of its kind,the present study put forward a novel strategy of achieving electric field gradient and thereby converse flexoelectri-city,independent of geometry and material composition of the *** spatial variation of the electric field is established inside the dielectric material,Ba_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)TiO_(3)(BST),by manipulating electrical boundary *** unique patterns of electrode placement are suggested to achieve this spatial *** varying direction of electric field gives rise to electric field gradient,the prerequisite of converse flexoelectricity.A multi-physics cou-pling based theoretical framework is established to solve the flexo-electric actuation by employing isogeometric analysis(IGA).Electromechanically coupled equations of flexoelectricity are solved to obtain the electric field distribution and the resulting displace-ments *** maximum displacements of 0.2 nm and 2.36 nm are obtained with patterns I and II,respectively,while pattern III can yield up to 85 nm of maximum displacement.

关键词： Converse flexoelectricity electrical boundary conditions electric field direction isogeometric analysis

In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第8期13卷 750-760页

The purpose of the current study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts and their free radical scavenging activity. The study concluded that the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts have a good source of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant sources in turn which opens the high possibility of the extracts being used as food preservatives. The DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals showed that the IC50 value was above 123% of Curcuma longa ethanolic extract, 129.9% μg/ml of Acorus calamus ethanolic extract and 25% of Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts shows very strong inhibition of the free radicals. Thus, comparing the DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals of Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts with the positive control ascorbic acid, Curcuma longa and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts showed strong inhibition of the free radicals.

关键词： Total Phenolic Content Total Flavonoid Content DPPH Curcuma longa Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis