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The Awareness of Keratoconus among General Population in Saudi Arabia

Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第1期11卷 49-59页

作者： rahaf mohammed alruwaili Abeer Surihan Alharbi Omar Ali Alghamdi Yahya Abdulrahman Alyahya Nouf mohammed Albalawi Sameer Sohail Alostaz Omar Ahmed Asiri Khalid Alarfaj College of Medicine Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Ohud Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department King Fahad Hospital Albaha Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Burydah Central Hospital Qassim Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Tabuk University Tabuk Saudi Arabia Batterjee Medical College Jeddah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Keratoconus (KCN) is one of the degenerative corneal disorders, which causes impairment in normal visual acuity with a higher prevalence in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding KCN, its risk factors, and management among the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire distributed through online platforms. A mixture of convenience and snowball sampling techniques was adopted for sample collection. Our analysis included a final sample size of 837 participant responses. The questionnaire had items related to sociodemographic characteristics (5 items), knowledge (10 items), and source of information (1 item). The mean knowledge scores were calculated and categorized (good, fair, and poor) to assess each participant’s knowledge. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the statistical association between categorical variables. Results: The mean knowledge score was found to be 4.12 ± 2.6, and 67.5% of the participants showed “poor” scores. There was no statistically significant association of knowledge scores observed with any of the sociodemographic details. It was agreed by 76% and 42.5% that genetic predisposition and chronic eye inflammation could predispose to KCN. Only 38.1% (n = 157) agreed that KCN could be treated with optical glasses or contact lenses in the initial stages. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding KCN was not satisfactory among our study population. There is a need to create an increased level of awareness for KCN. Health awareness programs and community campaigns should be organized to raise awareness regarding KCN and better eye health care utilization.

关键词： Ophthalmology Inflammation Keratoconus Blindness

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The Association between Dry Eye Disease and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Saudi Arabian Adults

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第4期11卷 266-281页

作者： Danah Alrajhi rahaf Almutairi Basma Alturki Atheer Almutairi Faris Binyousef Shahad alruwaili Dalal Alessa College of Medicine Imam Mohammad Lbn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Unaizah College of Medicine Qassim University Buraydah Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department College of Medicine Imam Mohammad Lbn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial chronic ophthalmic disease. Its symptoms include blurry vision, foreign body sensation, pain, grittiness, ocular dryness and discomfort. Multiple studies have revealed that DED has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life, as well as their physical and mental health. In line with such findings, other research projects have indicated that depression, anxiety and stress share common risk factors associated with DED. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between DED and depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi Arabian adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 335 Saudi Arabian patients aimed to assess the prevalence of DED among individuals with depression, anxiety and stress. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) to assess the severity of stress, depression and anxiety, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) to assess DED symptoms. Results: The final number of participants was 448. Furthermore, 72.3% of them were aged 18 - 30 years, and 69.6% of them were females. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with DED was 62.1%, 66.1%, 54%, and 77.9% respectively. Furthermore, we found that there were no significant differences between participants regarding the severity of DED based on different age groups (P = 0.889). Females with depression, anxiety, and stress, on the other hand, were significantly more likely to have severe DED than males with similar conditions. Conclusions: We confirmed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and DED in Saudi Arabian patients. There was a significant correlation between the four studied variables in which the greatest correlation was between anxiety and DED.

关键词： Anxiety Depression Dry Eye Disease Saudi Arabia

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