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Prevalence of Malnutrition among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan: Pilot Study

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 218-229页

作者： Shahdan al-Dabbas Qamar Batayneh raghad al-jawhary Mohammad Hadi alzoubi Eyad altamimi Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

Introduction: Failure to thrive (FTT) occurs when a child’s growth falls below expected standards, typically due to inadequate nutrient intake. Factors include insufficient oral intake, poor nutrient absorption, and increased metabolic demands. Previous studies have shown high malnutrition rates in hospitalized children due to illness-related metabolic demands, decreased appetite, and inadequate intake. Our objective was to assess the growth and nutritional status of children admitted to King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) and identify the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at KAUH from July to December 2022. We included children aged 2 months to 16 years, excluding those with conditions altering growth parameters. Data were collected through pediatric data sheets, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and growth was assessed using CDC growth charts. Nutritional anemia was defined as hemoglobin 16. Results: A total of 111 patients were included (56.8% male, median age 65 months). Most patients had normal height (82%) and weight (86.5%) upon admission. However, 14.4% were stunted, 11.7% were underweight, 14.4% were overweight, and 3.6% were obese. Growth impairment correlated with higher anemia rates (p = 0.042). Nutritional anemia was present in 12% of patients. No significant relation was found between breastfeeding history and growth retardation, but maternal perception of malnutrition correlated well with actual malnutrition. Conclusion: Our study found a malnutrition prevalence of 19.8%, highlighting the need for systematic nutritional screening in hospitalized children. The study’s limitations include its small sample size and specific patient population, suggesting the need for larger, multicenter studies for more generalizable results.

关键词： Children Growth Stunting Underweight Malnutrition Nutrition Anemia

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Single image super-resolution:a comprehensive review and recent insight

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 139-156页

作者： Hanadi al-MEKHLAFI Shiguang LIU College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

Super-resolution(SR)is a long-standing problem in image processing and computer vision and has attracted great attention from researchers over the *** main concept of SR is to reconstruct images from low-resolution(LR)to high-resolution(HR).It is an ongoing process in image technology,through up-sampling,de-blurring,and *** neural network(CNN)has been widely used to enhance the resolution of images in recent *** alternative methods use deep learning to improve the progress of image super-resolution based on ***,we review the recent findings of single image super-resolution using deep learning with an emphasis on distillation knowledge used to enhance image super-resolution.,it is also to highlight the potential applications of image super-resolution in security monitoring,medical diagnosis,microscopy image processing,satellite remote sensing,communication transmission,the digital multimedia industry and video ***,we present the challenges and assess future trends in super-resolution based on deep learning.

关键词： super-resolution deep learning single-image interpolation-based learning-based reconstruction-based

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RoGRUT: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Detecting Power Trapping in Smart Grids

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3175-3192页

作者： Farah Mohammad Saad al-Ahmadi Jalal al-Muhtadi Center of Excellence in Information Assurance(CoEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia College of Computer&Information Sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

Electricity theft is a widespread non-technical issue that has a negative impact on both power grids and electricity *** hinders the economic growth of utility companies,poses electrical risks,and impacts the high energy costs borne by *** development of smart grids is crucial for the identification of power theft since these systems create enormous amounts of data,including information on client consumption,which may be used to identify electricity theft using machine learning and deep learning ***,there also exist different solutions such as hardware-based solutions to detect electricity theft that may require human resources and expensive ***-based solutions are presented in the literature to identify electricity theft but due to the dimensionality curse,class imbalance issue and improper hyper-parameter tuning of such models lead to poor *** this research,a hybrid deep learning model abbreviated as RoGRUT is proposed to detect electricity theft as amalicious and non-malicious *** key steps of the RoGRUT are data preprocessing that covers the problem of class imbalance,feature extraction and final theft *** advanced-level models like RoBERTa is used to address the curse of dimensionality issue,the near miss for class imbalance,and transfer learning for *** effectiveness of the RoGRUTis evaluated using the dataset fromactual smartmeters.A significant number of simulations demonstrate that,when compared to its competitors,the RoGRUT achieves the best classification *** performance evaluation of the proposed model revealed exemplary results across *** accuracy achieved was 88%,with precision at an impressive 86%and recall reaching 84%.The F1-Score,a measure of overall performance,stood at 85%.Furthermore,themodel exhibited a noteworthyMatthew correlation coefficient of 78%and excelled with an area under the curve of 91%.

关键词： Electricity theft smart grid RoBERTa GRU transfer learning

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Developing a Model for Parkinson’s Disease Detection Using Machine Learning algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4945-4962页

作者： Naif al Mudawi Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a chronic neurological condition that progresses over *** start to have trouble speaking,writing,walking,or performing other basic skills as dopamine-generating neurons in some brain regions are injured or *** patient’s symptoms become more severe due to the worsening of their signs over *** this study,we applied state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to diagnose Parkinson’s disease and identify related risk *** research worked on the publicly available dataset on PD,and the dataset consists of a set of significant characteristics of *** aim to apply soft computing techniques and provide an effective solution for medical professionals to diagnose PD *** research methodology involves developing a model using a machine learning *** the model selection,eight different machine learning techniques were adopted:Namely,Random Forest(RF),Decision Tree(DT),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naïve Bayes(NB),Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),K-Nearest Neighbours(KNN),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Logistic Regression(LR).Subsequently,the concentrated models were validated through 10-fold Cross-Validation and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)—Area Under the Curve(AUC).In addition,GridSearchCV was utilised to measure each algorithm’s best parameter;eventually,the models were trained through the hyperparameter tuning *** 98%accuracy,LightGBM had the highest accuracy in this ***,KNN,and SVM came in second with 96%***,the performance scores of NB and LR were recorded to be 76%and 83%,*** is to be mentioned that after applying 10-fold cross-validation,the average performance score of LightGBM accounted for 93%.At the same time,the percentage of ROC-AUC appeared at 0.92,which indicates that this LightGBM model reached a satisfactory ***,we extracted meaningful insights and figured out potential gaps on top of *** extracting meaningful in

关键词： Light GBM cross-validation ROC-AUC Parkinson’s disease(PD) SVM and XGBoost

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The optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infinite-conductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded reservoir based on a new instantaneous source function

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 68-84页

作者： Firas A.A.al-Kabbawi Independent scholar LivingstonScotlandUNITED KINGDOM

The main objective of this study is to develop the optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infiniteconductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded reservoir based on a new instantaneous source *** available semi-analytical infinite-conductivity models(ICMs)for horizontal well under rectangular bounded reservoir in literature were developed by applying superposition of pressures in space(SPS).A new instantaneous source function(i.e.,instantaneous uniform-flux segmentary source function under bounded reservoir)is derived to be used instead of SPS to develop the optimal semi-analytical *** new semi-analytical ICM is verified with ICM of Schlumberger[1]and with previous semi-analytical ICMs in terms of bottom hole pressure(BHP)profile and inflow rate distribution along the *** model is also validated with real horizontal wells in terms of inflow rate distribution along the *** results show that the developed model gives the optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infinite-conductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded *** that,high computationalefficiency and high-resolution of wellbore discretization have been achieved(i.e.,wellbore segment number could be tens of hundreds depending on solution requirement).The results also show that at pseudosteady state(PSS)flow regime,inflow rate distribution along the wellbore by previous semi-analytical ICMs is stabilized U-shaped as performance of inflow rate distribution at late radial flow ***,the previous semi-analytical ICMs are incorrectly modeling inflow rate distribution at PSS flow regime due to the negative influence of applying *** optimal semi-analytical ICM is in a general form and real time domain,and can be applicable for 3D horizontal well and 2D vertical fracture well under infinite and rectangular bounded reservoirs,of uniform-flux and infinite-conductivity wellbore conditions at any time of well life.

关键词： Infinite-conductivity model Horizontal well performance Semi-analytical modeling Rectangular bounded reservoir Instantaneous source functions Flow regimes

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Charged Particles Capture Cross-section by a Weakly Charged Schwarzschild Black Hole

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 141-146页

作者： A.M.al Zahrani A.al-Jama Physics Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

We study the capture cross-section of charged particles by a weakly charged Schwarzschild black *** dependence of the maximum impact parameter for capture on the particle’s energy is investigated numerically for different values of the electromagnetic coupling strength between the particle and the black *** capture cross-section is then *** show that the capture cross-section is independent of the electromagnetic coupling for ultra-relativistic *** astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.

关键词： stars black holes-accretion-accretion disks-black hole physics

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Degradation pathways of amino acids during thermal utilization of biomass: a review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 67-95页

作者： Mubarak al-Kwradi Mohammednoor altarawneh Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 15551United Arab Emirates

Amino acids are important nitrogen carriers in biomass and entail a broad spectrum of industrial uses,most notably as food additives,pharmaceutical ingredients,and raw materials for bio-based *** detailed information in regard to the fragmentation of amino acids is essential to comprehend the nitrogen transformation chemistry at conditions encountered during hydrothermal and pyrolytic degradation of *** underlying aim of this review is to survey literature studies pertinent to the complex structures of amino acids,their formation yields from various categories of biomass,and their fragmentation routes at elevated temperatures and in the aqueous *** predominant degradation reactions ensue in the decomposition of amino acids,namely deamination and ***,minor differences in structure can greatly affect the fate for each amino ***,amino acids,being nitrogen-rich compounds,play pivotal roles across various *** is a growing interest in producing varied types and configurations of amino *** fermentation appears to a viable approach to produce amino acids at an industrial *** innovative method under investigation is catalytic synthesis using renewable biomass as *** a method taps into the inherent nitrogen in biomass sources like chitin and proteins,eliminating the need for external nitrogen *** environmentally friendly approach is in line with green chemistry principles and has been gathering momentum in the scientific community.

关键词： amino acids pyrolysis biomass nitrogen mechanisms bioenergy

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Enhancing the Decomposition of Paper Cups Using Galleria Mellonella and Eisenia Fetida

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 349-367页

作者： Shadi Moqbel Habib al-Ghoul Abd al-Majeed al-Ghzawi Rami Mukbel Civil Engineering Department The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan Department of Chemistry Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Plant Production Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan

The composition of paper cups creates a challenge for the recycling industry,as the paperboard–plastic film composite is hard to ***,paper cups are sent to landfills or waste *** study explores the combined use of red worms(Eisenia fetida)and Greater wax moth(Galleria mellonella)in the biodegradation of paper *** study investigates the conditions and combinations that promote using Eisenia fetida and Galleria mellonella for degrading paper *** study considered the influence of environmental temperature,the presence of food waste,varying the number of Eisenia fetida worms,and the presence of a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent on the degradation *** achieve the study objectives,the study followed a quantitative *** study monitored the degradation of paper cup cuts that were placed in jars containing different combinations of Eisenia fetida worms,Galleria mellonella larvae,food waste,bedding material,and Galleria mellonella growth-slowing *** study found that the best operating temperature is *** study found that using food waste improves the performance of Eisenia fetida worms and Galleria mellonella larvae *** study found that adding a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent slightly enhances the degradation of the paper ***,a numerical model was obtained to simulate the paper cup degradation efficiency.

关键词： Paper cups resource recovery recycling circular economy Galleria mellonella Eisenia fetida

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Analysis of particle dispersion and cavity formation during bulk particle water entry using fully coupled CFD-DEM-VOF approach

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 558-580页

作者： Utkan Çalışkan Sanja Mišković Norman B.Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering University of British Columbia2329 West MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

This paper presents the development and validation of a fully coupled computational fluid dynamics—discrete element method—volume of fluid(CFD-DEM-VOF)model to simulate the complex behavior of particle-laden flows with free *** coupling between the fluid and particle phases is established through the implemented continuity,momentum,and alpha transport *** coupled particle forces such as drag,pressure gradient,dense virtual mass,viscous,and interface forces are also integrated,with drag and dense virtual mass forces being dependent on local *** integrated conservative alpha transport equation ensures phase volume conservation during interactions between particles and ***,we have implemented a trilinear interpolation method designed to operate on unstructured hexahedral *** method has been tested for its ability to properly resolve the coupling effects in the numerical simulations,particularly in cases with a relatively low cell-size *** model is validated through three distinct test cases:single particle water entry,dam break with particles,and water entry of a group of particles *** experimental setup is built to study the dynamics of the water entry of a group of particles,where three key flow features are analyzed:the evolution of average particle velocity,cavity shape,and particle dispersion cloud profiles in *** tests involve four different scenarios,including two different water levels(16.1 and 20.1 cm)and two different particle densities(2650 and 4000 kg/m3).High-speed videometry and particle tracking velocimetry(using ImageJ/TrackMate)methods are employed for experimental data *** is demonstrated that numerical results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental *** study highlights the significance of vortices in cavity shaping and particle *** validated CFD-DEM-VOF model constitutes a robust tool for simulating particle-laden flows,cont

关键词： CFD-DEM-VOF Trilinear interpolation Particle-laden flow Free-surface Particle water entry Volume conservation

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Embryonic thermal manipulation:a potential strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens for sustainable poultry production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1347-1375页

作者： Sadid al Amaz Birendra Mishra Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Due to high environmental temperatures and climate change, heat stress is a severe concern for poultry health and production, increasing the propensity for food insecurity. With climate change causing higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns in recent years, poultry are increasingly vulnerable to this environmental stressor. To mitigate heat stress, nutritional, genetic, and managerial strategies have been implemented with some success. However, these strategies did not adequately and sustainably reduce the heat stress. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to mitigate the effects of heat stress on poultry, ensuring optimal production and promoting poultry well-being. Embryonic thermal manipulation(TM) involves manipulating the embryonic environment's temperature to enhance broilers' thermotolerance and growth performance. One of the most significant benefits of this approach is its cost-effectiveness and saving time associated with traditional management practices. Given its numerous advantages, embryonic TM is a promising strategy for enhancing broiler production and profitability in the poultry industry. TM increases the standard incubation temperature in the mid or late embryonic stage to induce epigenetic thermal adaption and embryonic metabolism. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available literature and scientific evidence of the beneficial effect of pre-hatch thermal manipulation on broiler health and performance.

关键词： Broiler Embryo Epigenetics Global warming Thermoregulation

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