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Sorghum:Nutritional Factors,Bioactive Compounds,Pharmaceutical and Application in Food Systems:A Review

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1303-1325页

作者： Heba I.Mohamed Eman M.Fawzi Abdul Basit Kaleemullah rafiq lone Mahmoud R.Sofy Biological and Geological Sciences Department Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityCairo11575Egypt Department of Horticulture Faculty of Crop Production SciencesUniversity of AgriculturePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Agricultural Mechanization and Renewable Energy Technologies Faculty of Crop Production SciencesUniversity of AgriculturePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Botany Central University of KashmirGanderbal474011India Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt

After wheat,rice,maize,and barley,sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the *** to its high production,drought resistance,and heat tolerance,this crop is replacing maize in some *** is available in a variety of colors,including cream,lemon-yellow,red,and even *** principal grain anatomical components are pericarp,germ or embryo and *** review provides an overview of key sorghum grain components,including starches,fiber,proteins,lipids,and ***,we summarized phenolic compounds,flavonoids,tannins,carotenoids,vitamin E,amines,Policosanols and Phytosterols in sorghum *** is used to manufacture bread and porridge,and it provides a significant source of energy and nutrition for humans;sorghum is extensively farmed for animal ***,because the natural components in sorghum are useful in the development of healthy and functional foods,sorghum farming for both biofuel production and human consumption is gaining *** sorghum grain is high in antioxidants such as polyphenols,primarily tannins,which have a variety of health benefits,including antiproliferative properties linked to the prevention of certain cancers,antioxidant activities linked to the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress,and anti-inflammatory effects,as well as improving glucose *** these chemicals cannot be assimilated,their application in the food business has been limited,as sorghum is regarded as a lownutritional grain due to the presence of anti-nutritional components such as strong tannins,which form complexes with proteins and iron,limiting their *** review aims to show the utilization of sorghum as a source of bioactive chemicals and the value they bestow on human health due to the general biological potential it possesses.

关键词： Antioxidant anticancer food anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds sorghum

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Numerical Analysis of Bacterial Meningitis Stochastic Delayed Epidemic Model through Computational Methods

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 311-329页

作者： Umar Shafique Mohamed Mahyoub Al-Shamiri Ali Raza Emad Fadhal Muhammad rafiq Nauman Ahmed Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahore54660Pakistan Department of Mathematics Applied CollegeMahayl AssirKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Department of Physical Sciences The University of ChenabGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Mathematics&Statistics College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 400Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102-2801Lebanon Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan

Based on theWorld Health Organization(WHO),Meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges,the membranes covering the brain and spinal *** is a devastating disease and remains a significant public health *** study investigates a bacterial meningitis model through deterministic and stochastic ***-compartment population dynamics explain the concept,particularly the susceptible population,carrier,infected,and *** model predicts the nonnegative equilibrium points and reproduction number,i.e.,the Meningitis-Free Equilibrium(MFE),and Meningitis-Existing Equilibrium(MEE).For the stochastic version of the existing deterministicmodel,the twomethodologies studied are transition probabilities and non-parametric ***,positivity,boundedness,extinction,and disease persistence are studiedrigorouslywiththe helpofwell-known *** and nonstandard techniques such as EulerMaruyama,stochastic Euler,stochastic Runge Kutta,and stochastic nonstandard finite difference in the sense of delay have been presented for computational analysis of the stochastic ***,standard methods fail to restore the biological properties of the model,so the stochastic nonstandard finite difference approximation is offered as an efficient,low-cost,and independent of time step *** addition,the convergence,local,and global stability around the equilibria of the nonstandard computational method is studied by assuming the perturbation effect is *** simulations and comparison of the methods are presented to support the theoretical results and for the best visualization of results.

关键词： BacterialMeningitis disease stochastic delayed model stability analysis extinction and persistence computational methods

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Magnesium-reinforced Electrospun Synthetic-polymer Nanofibers Designed for Promoting Tissue Growth

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1412-1426页

作者： Muheeb rafiq Anjum Hamid Rather Rumysa Saleem Khan Taha Umair Wani Haseeb A.Khan Abdullah S.Alhomida Faheem A.Sheikh Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab Department of NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashmir HazratbalSrinagarJammu and Kashmir190006India Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research InstituteJeonbuk National University HospitalJeonjuJeollabuk-do54907South Korea College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828South Korea Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials Department of BiochemistryCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

The creation of 3D nanofibers offering desirable functions for bone regeneration is developed due to the latest improvisations to the electrospinning *** polymers are among the best choices for medical usage due to their lower costs,high tensile properties,and ease of spinnability compared to natural *** this communication,we report a series of interventions to polymers modified with Mg-based fillers for ideal tissue engineering *** literature survey indicated that these filler materials(e.g.,nano-sized particles)enhanced biocompatibility,antibacterial activity,tensile strength,and anti-corrosive *** review discusses electrospinning parameters,properties,and applications of the poly(ε-caprolactone),poly(lactic acid),poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxy valeric acid),polyurethane,and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)nanofibers when modified with Mg-based *** report encourages researchers to use synthetic polymers with Mg as fillers and validate them for tissue engineering applications.

关键词： Bone regeneration Magnesium Nanofibers Tissue engineering

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Depression Intensity Classification from Tweets Using Fast Text Based Weighted Soft Voting Ensemble

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2047-2066页

作者： Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq Maryam rafiq Arif Mehmood Isabel de la Torre Diez Monica Gracia Villar Helena Garay Imran Ashraf Department of Artificial Intelligence The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalnagar63100Pakistan Department of Information Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and ITRYKhan64200Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalnagar63100Pakistan Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering Unviersity of ValladolidPaseo de Belén 15Valladolid47011Spain Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Universidad Europea del Atlántico Isabel Torres 21Santander39011Spain Department of Project Management Universidad Internacional IberoamericanaCampeche24560México Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia Bogotá111611Colombia Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana AreciboPuerto Rico00613USA Universidade Internacional do Cuanza Cuito46703Angola Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541South Korea

Predicting depression intensity from microblogs and social media posts has numerous benefits and applications,including predicting early psychological disorders and stress in individuals or the general public.A major challenge in predicting depression using social media posts is that the existing studies do not focus on predicting the intensity of depression in social media texts but rather only perform the binary classification of depression and moreover noisy data makes it difficult to predict the true depression in the social media *** study intends to begin by collecting relevant Tweets and generating a corpus of 210000 public tweets using Twitter public application programming interfaces(APIs).A strategy is devised to filter out only depression-related tweets by creating a list of relevant hashtags to reduce noise in the ***,an algorithm is developed to annotate the data into three depression classes:‘Mild,’‘Moderate,’and‘Severe,’based on International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10)depression diagnostic *** baseline classifiers are applied to the annotated dataset to get a preliminary idea of classification performance on the *** FastText-based model is applied and fine-tuned with different preprocessing techniques and hyperparameter tuning to produce the tuned model,which significantly increases the depression classification performance to an 84%F1 score and 90%accuracy compared to ***,a FastText-based weighted soft voting ensemble(WSVE)is proposed to boost the model’s performance by combining several other classifiers and assigning weights to individual models according to their individual *** proposed WSVE outperformed all baselines as well as FastText alone,with an F1 of 89%,5%higher than FastText alone,and an accuracy of 93%,3%higher than FastText *** proposed model better captures the contextual features of the relatively small sample class and aids in the detection of

关键词： Depression classification deep learning FastText machine learning

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An ontology model to represent aquaponics 4.0 system’s knowledge

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第4期9卷 514-532页

作者： Rabiya Abbasi Pablo Martinez rafiq Ahmad Aquaponics 4.0 Learning Factory(AllFactory) Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211116 St.EdmontonAB T6G 2G8Canada

Aquaponics,one of the vertical farming methods,is a combination of aquaculture and *** enhance the production capabilities of the aquaponics system and maxi-mize crop yield on a commercial level,integration of Industry 4.0 technologies is *** 4.0 is a strategic initiative characterized by the fusion of emerging technologies such as big data and analytics,internet of things,robotics,cloud computing,and artificial *** realization of aquaponics 4.0,however,requires an efficient flow and inte-gration of data due to the presence of complex biological processes.A key challenge in this essence is to deal with the semantic heterogeneity of multiple data *** ontology that is regarded as one of the normative tools solves the semantic interoperation problem by describing,extracting,and sharing the domains’*** the field of agriculture,several ontologies are developed for the soil-based farming methods,but so far,no attempt has been made to represent the knowledge of the aquaponics 4.0 system in the form of an ontology ***,this study proposes a unified ontology model,AquaONT,to rep-resent and store the essential knowledge of an aquaponics 4.0 *** ontology pro-vides a mechanism for sharing and reusing the aquaponics 4.0 system’s knowledge to solve the semantic interoperation *** is built from indoor vertical farming termi-nologies and is validated and implemented by considering experimental test cases related to environmental parameters,design configuration,and product *** proposed ontology model will help vertical farm practitioners with more transparent decision-making regarding crop production,product quality,and facility layout of the aquaponics *** future work,a decision support system will be developed using this ontology model and artificial intelligence techniques for autonomous data-driven decisions.

关键词： Aquaponics 4.0 Industry 4.0 Ontology modeling Knowledge modeling Decision support system

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An analysis of agarwood trade patterns,historical perspectives,and species identification challenges:repercussions for importing nations

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TMR Modern Herbal Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： Zhao-Qi Xie Jun-Yu Xu Muhammad rafiq Chun-Song Cheng Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of ScienceJiujiang 332900China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

Background:Agarwood,primarily derived from the Aquilaria and Gyrinops genera,holds significant economic ***,there is a lack of comprehensive investigations providing guidance to importing nations regarding cultivation quantities and expected yields of Agarwood from distinct *** study aims to address this gap by exploring the historical context and trade evolution of Agarwood,highlighting its global importance,and the challenges associated with securing accurate species ***:On-site visits to Agarwood cultivation sites were conducted to gain a nuanced understanding of Aquilaria species and their cultivation ***,a thorough analysis of global export and import data for Agarwood products over the last decade was ***:China Mainland emerged as the leading exporter of Agarwood,averaging an annual export value of USD 1 ***’s substantial exports challenge the prevailing notion of limited Agarwood production within its *** Kong and Singapore are pivotal distribution hubs,while Hong Kong and Taipei feature prominently as import *** analysis uncovers anomalies in the representation of Agarwood producers from 2001 to 2008,suggesting potential misclassification of Aquilaria Agarwood as Gyrinops in global export *** findings underscore the urgency of investigating classification and reporting practices in the Agarwood ***,*** emerges as a notable source,while *** is decline in ***:This study provides crucial insights for policymakers,stakeholders,and industry players seeking to make informed decisions in the Agarwood trade *** results highlight the need for accurate species identification,classification,and reporting practices to ensure sustainable cultivation and trade of Agarwood.

关键词： Agarwood import and export trends global trade field visits industry analysis

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Graphene Nanosheets Decorated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第6期38卷 1518-1525页

作者： Samavia rafiq Zulfiqar Ali RAZA Muhammad ASLAM Muhammad Junaid BAKHTIYAR Department of Applied Sciences National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan

Textile industries extensively use colorants,such as methylene blue,and if disposed off untreated,they contaminate the effluent streams,causing a severe impact on the environment and aquatic *** degradation has been found as an inevitable approach to treat ***,we decorated the copper oxide nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets during the reflux *** resultant copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites were analyzed for structural and functional *** was observed that on increasing the copper oxide contents,the z-average size of the resultant nanocomposites *** X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of the *** surface morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles appeared to be spherical and that of the copper oxide/graphene composite somehow *** infrared analysis indicated successful intercalation of precursors in the *** bandgap of copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites varied in the range of 1.03—1.30 eV,which indicated their effective photocatalytic *** results demonstrated that after 120 min of exposure,the methylene blue removal efficiency reached 94.0%,92.2%,and 89.4%(mass fraction)on the copper oxide/graphene nanocomposite at copper oxide nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets ratios of 1:1,1.5:1,and 2:1(mass ratio),*** photodegradation performance of the prepared nano-catalyst was found satisfactory even after five cycles.

关键词： Copper oxide Graphene nanosheet Methylene blue Photocatalysis

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Computer Oriented Numerical Scheme for Solving Engineering Problems

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第8期42卷 689-701页

作者： Mudassir Shams Naila rafiq Nasreen Kausar Nazir Ahmad Mir Ahmad Alalyani Department of Mathematica and Statistics Riphah International UniversityI-14Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics NUMLIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Yildiz Technical UniversityFaculty of Arts and ScienceEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Arts in ALmandaqAl-Baha UniversityAl-BahaSaudi Arabia

In this study,we construct a family of single root finding method of optimal order four and then generalize this family for estimating of all roots of non-linear equation *** analysis proves that the local order of convergence is four in case of single root finding iterative method and six for simultaneous determination of all roots of non-linear *** non-linear equations are taken from physics,chemistry and engineering to present the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed *** real world applications are taken from fluid mechanics,i.e.,fluid permeability in biogels and biomedical engineering which includes blood Rheology-Model which as an intermediate result give some nonlinear *** non-linear equations are then solved using newly developed simultaneous iterative *** developed simultaneous iterative schemes reach to exact values on initial guessed values within given tolerance,using very less number of function evaluations in each *** convergence order of single root finding method is computed using *** computational order of convergence,CPU-time,absolute residuals errors are calculated to elaborate the efficiency,robustness and authentication of the iterative simultaneous method in its domain.

关键词： Biomedical engineering convergence order iterative method CPU-time simultaneous method

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Treatment of Polio Delayed Epidemic Model via Computer Simulations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3415-3431页

作者： Muhammad Naveed Dumitru Baleanu Ali Raza Muhammad rafiq Atif Hassan Soori Department of Mathematics Air University IslamabadPakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya University06530BalgatAnkaraTurkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

Through the study,the nonlinear delayed modelling has vital significance in the different field of allied sciences like computational biology,computational chemistry,computational physics,computational economics and many *** is a contagious viral illness that in its most severe form causes nerve injury leading to paralysis,difficulty breathing and sometimes *** recent years,developing regions like Asia,Africa and sub-continents facing a dreadful situation of *** is the reason we focus on the treatment of the polio epidemic model with different delay strategies in this *** delayed epidemic model is categorized into four compartments like susceptible,exposed,infective and vaccinated *** equilibria,positivity,boundedness,and reproduction number are ***,the sensitivity of the parameters is ***,known results like the Routh Hurwitz criterion and Lyapunov function stabilities are investigated for polio delayed epidemic model in the sense of local and global ***,the computer simulations are presented with different traditions in the support of the analytical analysis of the polio delayed epidemic model.

关键词： Polio disease delayed model stability analysis computer simulations

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DQN-Based Proactive Trajectory Planning of UAVs in Multi-Access Edge Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4685-4702页

作者： Adil Khan Jinling Zhang Shabeer Ahmad Saifullah Memon Babar Hayat Ahsan rafiq School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Department of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China

The main aim of future mobile networks is to provide secure,reliable,intelligent,and seamless *** also enables mobile network operators to ensure their customer’s a better quality of service(QoS).Nowadays,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are a significant part of the mobile network due to their continuously growing use in various *** better coverage,cost-effective,and seamless service connectivity and provisioning,UAVs have emerged as the best choice for telco *** can be used as flying base stations,edge servers,and relay nodes in mobile *** the other side,Multi-access EdgeComputing(MEC)technology also emerged in the 5G network to provide a better quality of experience(QoE)to users with different QoS ***,UAVs in a mobile network for coverage enhancement and better QoS face several challenges such as trajectory designing,path planning,optimization,QoS assurance,mobilitymanagement,*** efficient and proactive path planning and optimization in a highly dynamic environment containing buildings and obstacles are ***,an automated Artificial Intelligence(AI)enabled QoSaware solution is needed for trajectory planning and ***,this work introduces a well-designed AI and MEC-enabled architecture for a UAVs-assisted future *** has an efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)algorithm for real-time and proactive trajectory planning and *** also fulfills QoS-aware service provisioning.A greedypolicy approach is used to maximize the long-term reward for serving more users *** results reveal the superiority of the proposed DRL mechanism for energy-efficient and QoS-aware trajectory planning over the existing models.

关键词： Multi-access edge computing UAVs trajectory planning QoS assurance reinforcement learning deep Q network

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