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Climatic Changes and Their Effect on Wildlife of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2020年第4期3卷 38-43页

作者： Asad ullah Sayyed Iftekhar Ahmad rafi ullah Atta ullah khan Sikandar khan Waheed ullah Abdul Waris Department of Environmental Sciences Government Degree College Gulabad ChakdaraDir LowerPakistan Plant Ecology and Dendroecology Labartory Department of BotanyUniversity of MalakandPakistan Department of Biotechnology University of Malakand ChakdaraDir LowerPakistan Pakistan forest Institute University of PeshawarPakistan Department of Environmental Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbotabad CampusPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam University IslamabadPakistan

Climatic changes and their impact are increasingly evident in Pakistan,especially in the mountainous regions. Mountain ecosystems are consideredto be sensitive indicators of global warming;even slight variationsin temperature can lead to significant shifts in local climate, which can,in turn, drastically affect the natural environment, subsequently alteringpeople’s lifestyle and wildlife habitats. The targeted area for the presentresearch was Lower Dir District, Pakistan. The study gathered the requiredinformation from primary and secondary sources. Secondary dataon temperature and precipitation were obtained from various sources,i.e., local CBO, including WWF Pakistan. Based on information gatheredon climate change and wildlife, a detailed questionnaire was *** showed that no regular pattern of the increase was found in temperaturefrom 2010 to 2018;the same was noticed in the rainfall decreasepattern. Results also showed that the leading causes behind climaticchanges are an increase in greenhouse gases due to pollution by industries,vehicles, crushing plants, deforestation, and some natural phenomenasuch as floods. The study showed that more than 80% of the respondentsagreed that climatic effects have a significant impact on wildlife, i.e.,the existence of wildlife falls in danger due to climatic changes as it maylead to habitat change, making it difficult for the survival and adaptationof the wildlife. Hence, in consequence, it leads to migration, low growthrate, an increase in morbidity and mortality rate, and finally leading to theextinction of the species or population. It is concluded from the study thatpeople are severely noticing the climatic change and its leading causesare greenhouse gases and deforestation. To control climatic changes andwildlife extinction, we need an appropriate policy for forest conservation,wildlife conservation, prevent hunting, industrial pollution control, vehiclepollution control, increase in plantation, awareness of

关键词： Climate change Wildlife Temperature Rainfall Lower Dir Pakistan

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Role of T cells in cancer immunotherapy:Opportunities and challenges

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2023年第2期1卷 116-126页

作者： Hossain Ahmed Aar rafi Mahmud Mohd.Faijanur-Rob-Siddiquee Asif Shahriar Partha Biswas Ebrahim Khalil Shimul Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed Tanzila Ismail Ema Nova Rahman Arif khan Furkanur Rahaman Mizan Talha Bin Emran Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Development Alternative(UODA)4/4BBlock ALalmatiaDhaka1209Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangail1902Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Immunology and Microbiology School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX78504USA Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Biological Science and TechnologyJashore University of Science and Technology(JUST)Jashore7408Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology North South UniversityDhaka1229Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Jahangirnagar UniversitySavarDhaka1342Bangladesh Department of Food Science and Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong17546Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacy BGC Trust University BangladeshChittagong4381Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesDaffodil International UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh

Immunotherapies boosting the immune system's ability to target cancer cells are promising for the treatment of various tumor types,yet clinical responses differ among patients and ***,there has been increasing interest in novel cancer immunotherapy practices aimed at triggering T cell-mediated anti-tumor ***-directed cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes has become a central focal point in the battle against cancer utilizing the immune *** molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the actions of T lymphocytes have directed new therapeutic approaches in cancer immunotherapy,including checkpoint blockade,adoptive and chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cell therapy,and cancer *** review addresses all the strategies targeting tumor pathogenesis,including metabolic pathways,to evaluate the clinical significance of current and future immunotherapies for patients with cancer,which are further engaged in T cell activation,differentiation,and response against tumors.

关键词： Immunotherapy T cell Cancer Immune system Metabolic pathways

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Novel synthesis of cerium oxide nano photocatalyst by a hydrothermal method

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第12期42卷 35-43页

作者： Fowziya Shaik Ali Faisal Al Marzouqi AAfroos Banu M.Ismail Fathima A.R.Mohamed Jahangir K.Mohamed rafi A.Ayeshamariam Department of Chemistry Khadir Mohideen CollegeAdirampattinam 614701(Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli)India Department of Process Engineering International Maritime College OmanFalaj Al QabailSuharOman Department of Physics Arul Anandar College(Auto)KarumathurMadurai 625514India Biyaq Oilfield Services LLC Mina Al Fahal PC116MuscatSultanate of Oman Research Department of Botany Jamal Mohamed College(Auto)(Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityThiruchirappalli)-620020India Research Department of Physics Khadir Mohideen College(Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityThiruchirappalli)Adirampattinam-614701India

Crystalline cubic cerium oxide nano particles have been synthesized from cerium(Ⅲ)nitrate(Ce(NO_(3))_(3).6H2_(O))and sodium hydroxide by a hydrothermal *** effect of three different molar ratios of the NaOH precipitating agent on structural,optical,and photo catalytic activity was *** synthesized cerium oxide nano particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),a UV-vis spectrometer,scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDAX),Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy(XPS).According to the findings,hydrothermally synthesized cerium oxide NPs have a high efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue when exposed to UV *** water pollution is the major issue of the *** get fresh water,humans could search the resources to purify the water in simple way and degradation is the one of the methods to purify salt water.

关键词： cerium oxide nano particles photo catalysis hydrothermal process

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Junker: An Intergenic Explorer for Bacterial Genomes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2011年第4期9卷 179-182页

作者： Jayavel Sridhar Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan Shanmugam Siva Balan Ziauddin Ahamed rafi Paramasamy Gunasekaran Kanagaraj Sekar Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics School of Biotechnology Madurai Kamaraj University UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Madurai Kamaraj University Bioinformatics Centre Indian Institute of Science

In the past few decades, scientists from all over the world have taken a keen interest in novel functional units such as small regulatory RNAs, small open reading frames, pseudogenes, transposons, integrase binding attB/attP sites, repeat elements within the bacterial intergenic regions （IGRs） and in the analysis of those ＂junk＂ regions for ge- nomic complexity. Here we have developed a web server, named Junker, to facilitate the in-depth analysis of IGRs for examining their length distribution, four-quadrant plots, GC percentage and repeat details. Upon selection of a particular bacterial genome, the physical genome map is displayed as a multiple loci with options to view any loci of interest in detail. In addition, an IGR statistics module has been created and implemented in the web server to analyze the length distribution of the IGRs and to understand the disordered grouping of IGRs across the genome by generating the four-quadrant plots. The proposed web server is freely available at the URL http：//***/junker/.

关键词： bacterial genome intergenic region web server statistics module

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A non-fullerene acceptor enables efficient P3HT-based organic solar cells with small voltage loss and thickness insensitivity

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第6期30卷 1277-1281页

作者： Ning Wang Weitao Yang Shuixing Li Minmin Shi Tsz-Ki Lau Xinhui Lu rafi Shikler Chang-Zhi Li Hongzheng Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) is a low-cost polymer donor for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the P3HT-based OSCs usually give low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) due to the wide bandgap and the high-lying energy levels of P3HT. To solve this problem, in this work, we design and synthesize a new A-D-A type non-fullerene acceptor, DFPCBR, which owns an electron-donating (D) core constructed by linking a 2,5-difluorobenzene ring with two cyclopentadithiophene moieties, and two electron-accepting (A) end-groups of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole connected with 3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one. Because of the strong electron-donating ability and large conjugation effect of D core, DFPCBR shows appropriate energy levels and a narrow bandgap matching well with those of P3HT. Therefore, with P3HT as the donor and DFPCBR as the acceptor, the OSCs possess broad absorption range from 350 nm to 780 nm and the reduced energy loss (Eloss) of 0.79 eV (compared with ~1.40 eV for the P3HT:PC61BM device), providing a good PCE of 5.34% with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.80 V. Besides, we observe that the photovoltaic performances of these devices are insensitive to the thickness of the active layers:even if the active layer is as thick as 320 nm,~80%of the best PCE is maintained, which is rarely reported for fullerene-free P3HT-based OSCs, suggesting that DFPCBR has the potential application in commercial OSCs in the future.

关键词： Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Non-fullerene acceptors Organic solar cells Energy loss Thickness insensitivity

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Kidney injury in COVID-19

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World Journal of Nephrology 2020年第2期9卷 18-32页

作者： Adeel rafi Ahmed Chaudhry Adeel Ebad Sinead Stoneman Muniza Manshad Satti Peter J Conlon Department of Nephrology Beaumont HospitalDublin D09 V2N0Ireland Department of Medicine Connolly HospitalDublin D15X40DIreland Department of Nephrology Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D09 V2N0Ireland

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to affect millions of people around the *** data emerge,it is becoming more evident that extrapulmonary organ involvement,particularly the kidneys,highly influence *** incidence of acute kidney injury has been estimated to be 30%in COVID-19 *** evidence suggests four broad mechanisms of renal injury:Hypovolaemia,acute respiratory distress syndrome related,cytokine storm and direct viral invasion as seen on renal autopsy *** look to critically assess the epidemiology,pathophysiology and management of kidney injury in COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Acute kidney injury Cytokine storm Acute respiratory distress syndrome Renal replacement therapy

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Bilateral information transform in the olfactory system

Bilateral information transform in the olfactory system

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： rafi Haddad Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar-Ilan University

The brain is composed from two inter-connected hemispheres. There are at least two roles for inter-hemispheric connections. The first is to transform information so that each hemisphere will have the same information. The second role is to enable stereo perception such as 3-D in visual perception and in sound localization. Odors are also perceived in stereo（Rajan et al., 2006）. However, how odor information is shared across the two hemispheres to enable odor localization is not known（Kikuta et al., 2010;Yan et al., 2008）. We used optogenetic combined with electrophysiology and found that a subset of olfactory bulb output neurons form a precise bilateral symmetric excitatory map that connects iso-functional glomeruli. This newly discovered neural mechanism can enable odor localization and information sharing across the two hemispheres.

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Fault Tolerant Control Based on Sliding Mode Control Approach with Application to Water Tank System

Fault Tolerant Control Based on Sliding Mode Control Approac...

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第二十六届中国控制会议

作者： rafi Youssef School of Information Science & Engineering Central South University

Recent advanced application technologies have appeal to fault tolerant control due to the crucial consequence that might be caused by faulted *** paper is subjected to fault tolerant control under sliding mode technique and present the tool needed to achieve the design controller when the fault information is inserted into equivalent control part.

关键词： Fault tolerant control Sliding mode control water tank system

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Oral alkali therapy and the management of metabolic acidosis of chronic kidney disease:A narrative literature review

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World Journal of Nephrology 2018年第6期7卷 117-122页

作者： Adeel rafi Ahmed David Lappin Department of Nephrology University Hospital Galway

Chronic metabolic acidosis is a common complication seen in advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD). There is currently no consensus on its management in the Republic of Ireland. Recent trials have suggested that appropriate active management of metabolic acidosis through oral alkali therapy and modified diet can have a deterring impact on CKD progression. The potential benefits of treatment include preservation of bone health and improvement in muscle function; however,present data is limited. This review highlights the current evidence,available primarily from randomised control trials(RCTs) over the last decade,in managing the metabolic acidosis of CKD and outlines ongoing RCTs that are promising. An economic perspective is also briefly discussed to support decision-making.

关键词： Chronic metabolic acidosis Chronic kidney disease Oral sodium bicarbonate Oral alkali therapy Health economics Serum bicarbonate

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金刚石/铜复合材料与氧化铝陶瓷的Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎焊(英文)

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2013年第6期23卷 1701-1708页

作者：吴茂曹车正 rafi-ud-din 何新波曲选辉北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京市粉末冶金重点实验室北京100083 Chemistry Division PINSTECHP.O.BoxNiloreIslamabadPakistan

金刚石/铜复合材料具有低膨胀系数和高热导率等优异性能,使其成为一种理想的电子封装材料。采用97%(72Ag-28Cu)-3%Ti活性钎料对金刚石/铜复合材料和氧化铝陶瓷进行钎焊。发现活性钎料在氧化铝陶瓷和金刚石薄膜表面均具有良好的润湿性,... 详细信息

金刚石/铜复合材料具有低膨胀系数和高热导率等优异性能,使其成为一种理想的电子封装材料。采用97%(72Ag-28Cu)-3%Ti活性钎料对金刚石/铜复合材料和氧化铝陶瓷进行钎焊。发现活性钎料在氧化铝陶瓷和金刚石薄膜表面均具有良好的润湿性,在两者表面的平衡润湿角均小于5°。讨论了主要钎焊条件(如钎焊温度和保温时间等)对接头性能的影响。发现钎焊过程中Ti元素聚集在金刚石颗粒的表面形成TiC化合物,且TiC化合物的形貌与钎焊接头的剪切强度具有紧密联系。推测合适的TiC化合物层厚度可改善钎焊接头的剪切强度,而颗粒状的TiC化合物及过厚的TiC化合物层却会损害钎焊接头的性能。获得的最大剪切强度为117MPa。

关键词：润湿金刚石/铜复合材料 Ag-Cu-Ti钎料活性钎焊剪切强度

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