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Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia rafael p.fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric particle pollution and prevention (LAp3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global *** studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive ***,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a *** field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

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Topical ocular administration of Dpp-Ⅳ inhibitors:a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 713-714页

作者： rafael Simó Cristina Hernández Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(VHIR) Department of Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas(CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ICSⅢ)

Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),the leading cause of preventable *** fact,the American Diabetes Association has defined DR as a highly specific neurovascular complication(Solomon et al.,2017).Therefore,it is no longer acceptable to consider DR as merely a microvascular *** this regard,the term diabetic retinal disease(DRD)has been proposed as a broader term comprising microangiopathy and ***,there are currently no treatments available that directly target the neurodegenerative changes of *** paper will give new insights into the translational research in this field with particular emphasis on glucagon-like peptide 1/dipeptidyl peptidase IV(GLp-1/Dpp-IV)inhibitors.

关键词： neurodegeneration ocular insight

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Impact of COVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： Bryce p.Johnson Yu-Guang He Zachary M.Robertson Angeline Wang rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Department of Ophthalmology UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIM:To assess diabetic macular edema(DME)progression during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with systemic conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office ***:This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of DME seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July *** 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-COVID-19),period 2 was March 2020 to December 2020(considered the height of the pandemic;highest level of pandemic-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustment to the new“pandemic norms”).Main outcome measures included visual acuity,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(Bp),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),macular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalmology visits,and DME treatment(s)received at each *** facilitate measurement of macular thickness,each macula was divided into 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined macular sectors as measured by OCT ***:There was no change of BMI,systolic Bp,and diastolic Bp between any of the time ***1c showed a very small increase from period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,p=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(p=0.12).Macular thickness decreased for 100%of macular *** central macular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from 329.5 to 316.6μm(p=0.0045).After analysis of multiple variables including HbA1c,BMI,adherence to scheduled appointments,different clinic centers,and treatment interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in ***:DME doesn’t worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic,instead sustaining a very small but statistically significant *** identifying a mechanism behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanat

关键词： COVID-19 diabetic macular edema diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography

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Verification and Validation of High-Resolution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： Luciano K.Araki rafael B.de R.Borges Nicholas Dicati p.da Silva Chi-Wang Shu Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Capturing elaborated flow structures and phenomena is required for well-solved numerical *** finite difference methods allow simple discretization of mesh and model ***,they need simpler meshes,e.g.,*** inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedure can handle complex geometries for rectangular ***-resolution and high-order methods can capture elaborated flow structures and *** also have strong mathematical and physical backgrounds,such as positivity-preserving,jump conditions,and wave propagation *** perceive an effort toward direct numerical simulation,for instance,regarding weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)***,we propose to solve a challenging engineering application without turbulence *** aim to verify and validate recent high-resolution and high-order *** check the solver accuracy,we solved vortex and Couette ***,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for a conical *** employed the finite difference method,positivity-preserving Lax-Friedrichs splitting,high-resolution viscous terms discretization,fifth-order multi-resolution WENO,ILW,and third-order strong stability preserving *** showed the solver is high-order and captured elaborated flow structures and *** can see oblique shocks in both nozzle *** the viscous flow,we also captured a free-shock separation,recirculation,entrainment region,Mach disk,and the diamond-shaped pattern of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-resolution Compressible Navier-Stokes Free-shock separation Nozzle flow

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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection in English

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao pan JoséAntonio García-Díaz rafael Valencia-García Departamento de Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Models(LLMs)are increasingly demonstrating their ability to understand natural language and solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task demonstrations to generate expected outputs for test instances without the need for additional training or gradient *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provided a medium through which some users can engage in offensive and harmful online *** this study,we investigate the ability of different LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can identify sexist and hateful online texts using zero-shot and few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found that the encoder-decoder model called Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism(EDOS)test-set and 57.453%on the Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed that the evaluated models perform well in hate text detection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had difficulty distinguishing between types of hate speech and figurative ***,the fine-tuned approach tends to produce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech detection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Effect of Senescence Retardants on the Quality of persian Lime Fruits

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phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1805-1818页

作者： rafael Ariza-Flores rafael Ambriz-Cervantes pedro Cadena-Iñiguez Luis A.Gálvez-Marroquín Miguel A.Cano-García National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research(INIFAP)South Pacific Regional CenterSanto Domingo Barrio BajoVilla de EtlaOaxaca68200México National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research(INIFAP)Zacatepec Research StationZacatepecMorelos62780México National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research(INIFAP)Central Chiapas Research StationOcozocoautlaChis29140México National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research(INIFAP)Oaxaca Central Valley Research StationSanto Domingo Barrio BajoVilla de EtlaOaxaca68200México

The objective of this study consisted of evaluating the effect of the application of chitosan(Q),1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCp)under two controlled temperatures on some physical,physiological,and chemical parameters contributing to the quality of persian lime Citrus latifolia *** treatments were evaluated,resulting from the combination of four senescence retardant applications(Q,1-MCp,1-MCp+Q,and without application)on fruits stored at two temperatures(12/20℃.Epidermis color(luminosity,chromaticity,and hue),fruit appearance,respiration,weight loss,total juice content,total soluble solids,and titratable acidity were registered during the *** results indicate that the 1-MCp and Q combination favored fruit postharvest quality conditions such as reducing respiration rate;maintaining fruit good appearance,turgidity,and brighter fruit chromaticity;fruits treated with chitosan and stored at 12℃,favored total soluble *** the other hand,Variables such as weight loss,juice content,acidity,phenols,flavonoids,antioxidant activity,and hue values were favored by a 12℃ storing temperature regardless of the *** general,the use of modified atmospheres,senescence retardants,and refrigeration as postharvest methods,can increase persian lime shelf life.

关键词： Citrus latifolia quality conservation organic alternatives

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Mixed plastics waste valorization to high-added value products via thermally induced phase separation and spin-casting

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1627-1640页

作者： Junaid Saleem Moghal Zubair Khalid Baig Usman Bin Shahid rafael Luque Gordon McKay Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa University Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Universidad ECOTEC

plastic waste is an underutilized resource that has the potential to be transformed into value-added ***,its chemical diversity leads to cost-intensive sorting techniques,limiting recycling and upcycling ***,we report an open-loop recycling method to produce graded feedstock from mixed polyolefins waste,which makes up 60%of total plastic *** method uses heat flow scanning to quantify the composition of plastic waste and resolves its compatibility through controlled *** resulting feedstock is then used to synthesize blended pellets,porous sorbents,and superhydrophobic coatings via thermally induced phase separation and *** hybrid approach broadens the opportunities for reusing plastic waste,which is a step towards creating a more circular economy and better waste management practices.

关键词： plastic waste Valorization Superhydrophobic coatings Blended pellets porous materials Sorbents

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Solution of the Center problem for a Class of polynomial Differential Systems

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1685-1696页

作者： Chang Jian Liu Jaume Llibre rafael Ramírez Valentín Ramírez School of Mathematics(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519086P.R.China Departament de Matemàtiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques Universitat Rovira i VirgiliAvinguda dels Paiïsos Catalans 2643007TarragonaCataloniaSpain

Consider the polynomial differential system of degree m of the form x=-y(1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y))+x(v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y)+Ω_(m-1)(x,y)),y=x(1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y))+y(v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y)+Ω_(m-1)(x,y)),whereμandνare real numbers such that(μ^(2)+v^(2))(μ+v(m-2))(a_(1)^(2)+a_(2)^(2))≠m>2 andΩ_(m−1)(x,y)is a homogenous polynomial of degree m−1.A conjecture,stated in *** Equations 2019,suggests that whenν=1,this differential system has a weak center at the origin if and only if after a convenient linear change of variable(x,y)→(X,Y)the system is invariant under the transformation(X,Y,t)→(−X,Y,−t).For every degree m we prove the extension of this conjecture to any value ofνexcept for a finite set of values ofμ.

关键词： Center problem polynomial differential system

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Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay:An ecosystem approach

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 580-589页

作者： Andres Baietto Andres Hirigoyen Carolina Toranza Franco Schinato Maximiliano Gonzalez rafael Navarro Cerrillo Forest Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay National Research program of Forest production National Agriculture Research InstituteTacuaremboPO 97000Uruguay Soil and Water Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay Department of Forestry Engineering University of CordobaCordobaPO 14014Spain

Savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous *** contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon(SOC)and above-ground biomass(AGB)carbon(C)stock globally is ***,they are frequently subjected to land use changes,promoting increases in CO_(2) *** Uruguay,subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ha,of which approximately 28%is circumscribed to sodic soils(i.e.,subtropical halophytic wooded savannas).Nevertheless,there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric *** study was conducted in 5 ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Rio *** work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components(e.g.,soil,trees,shrubs,and herbaceous plants)to the C ***-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter(BD)and total height(H).The fitted equations accounted for between 77%and 98%of the aerial biomass variance of Netuma affinis and Vachellia *** shrubs(Baccharis sp.),the adjusted equation accounted for 86%of total aerial biomass.C stock for the entire system was 116.71±11.07 Mg·ha^(-1),of which 90.7%was allocated in the soil,8.3%in the trees,0.8%in the herbaceous plants,and 0.2%in the *** results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Biomass modeling Sodic soils

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