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Modeling and simulation of circulating fluidized bed reactors applied to a carbonation/calcination loop

Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 116-128页

作者： rafael a.sánchez Hugo A.Jakobsen Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology7034 TrondheimNorway

A fluid dynamic model for a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed （CFB） designed using two coupled riser reactors is developed and implemented numerically with code programmed in Matlab. The fluid dynamic model contains heat and species ma.s balances to calculate temperatures and compositions for a carbonation/calcination loop process. Beca.se of the high computational costs required to resolve the three-dimensional phenomena, a model representing a trade-offbetween computational time requirements and accuracy is developed. For dynamic processes with a.solid flux between the two reactor units that depends on the fluid dynamics of both risers, a dynamic one-dimensional two-fluid model is sufficient. A two-fluid model using the constant particle viscosity closure for the stress term is used for the solid phase, and an algebraic turbulence model is applied to the gas phase. The numerical model implementa- tion is based on the finite volume method with a.staggered grid scheme. The exchange of solids between the reactor units constituting the circulating fluidized bed （solid flux） is implemented through additional ma.s source/sink terms in the continuity equations of the two phases, For model validation, a relevant experimental analysis provided in the literature is reproduced by the numerical simulations, The numerical analysis indicates that sufficient heat integration between the two reactor units is important for the performance of the circulating fluidized bed system, The two-fluid model performs fairly well for this chemical process operated in a CFB designed as two coupled riser reactors. Further analysis and optimization of the solution algorithms and the reactor coupling strategy is warranted.

关键词： Chemical reactors Fluidization Mathematical modeling Multiphase flow simulation

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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan serrano-Marín rafael Rivas-santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain school of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors a.so contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely a.sent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Beacon-Less Geographic Routing in Real Wireless sensor Networks

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 438-450页

作者： Juan a.sánchez rafael Marín-Pérez Pedro M.Ruiz Department of Information and Communications Engineering University of MurciaSpain

Geographic Routing （GR） algorithms require nodes to periodically tra.smit HELLO messages to allow neighbors to know their positions （beaconing mechanism）. Beacon-less routing algorithms have recently been proposed to reduce the control overhea.s due to these messages. However, existing beacon-less algorithms have not considered realistic physical layers. Therefore, those algorithms cannot work properly in realistic scenarios. In this paper we present a new beacon-less routing protocol called BOss. Its design is based on the conclusions of our open-field experiments using Tmote-sky sensors. BOss is adapted to error-prone networks and incorporates a new mechanism to reduce collisions and duplicate messages produced during the selection of the next forwarder node. We compare BOss with Beacon-Less Routing （BLR） and Contention-Based Forwarding （CBF） algorithms through extensive simulations. The results show that our scheme is able to *** almost perfect packet delivery ratio （like BLR） while having a low bandwidth consumption （even lower than CBF）. Additionally, we carried out an empirical evaluation in a real testbed that shows the correctness of our simulation results.

关键词： geographic routing beacon-less forwarding performance evaluation real deployment

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK a.sembly

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela synaptic structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative Neurobiology section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (schirinzi et al.,2020).syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede syna.se loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly a.sociated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing sMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： sharon J.Brown rafael J.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller school of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

spinal muscular atrophy(sMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic ca.se of sMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(sMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that huma.s have a“back-up”gene,sMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional sMN protein,has led to the generation of sMa.specific gene *** was traditionally cla.sified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,sMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher sMN2 copy number typically being a.sociated with reduced severity of sMA,although this relationship is not a.solute:some individua.s with low sMN2 copy number have less severe sMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of sMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and sMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally a.solute

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The Role of Chilean Mountain Areas in Time of Drought and Energy Crisis:New Pressures and Challenges for Vulnerable Ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第4期9卷 451-462页

作者： rafael sánchez Carla MARCHANT Axel BORsDORF Institute for Geography Pontifical University Catholic of ChileAvenida Vicu a Mackenna 4860MaculSantiago de Chile Institute for Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute for Mountain Research:Man and Environment Austrian Academy of SciencesTechnikerstr.21a6020 InnsbruckAustria

In the summer of 2010/2011 Chile suffered the third most severe energy and water supply crisis in only one decade. This may be surprising as the Andes which accompany the country along 4,200 km are a water tower and could provide more electricity and water than needed. On top of that, it has to be mentioned that Chile a.so counts with sunny and windy climates and with excellent geothermal energy resources and thus has a huge potential as far as renewable energies are concerned. After analyzing the existing natural conditions, the infrastructure and the present challenges of climate change, it has to be asked in which way Chile can make use of this potential in the near future, considering the legal and political situation and the technological opportunities. It seems that the resources are still hidden in the Andes, and only the key is missing to realize the country＇s natural potential. This research has been based on the analysis of existing literature, media, quantitative data from government institutions and other antecedents obtained by the authors in field work done in the south of Chile in 2OLO. The added value of this compilation lies in the comprehensive perspective, linking the knowledge of climatologists, hydrologists, mountain researchers and energy experts in order to support a.sustainable energy and water supply for the future in Chile. From this present research, it can be concluded that Chile necessarilyhas to adopt new energy-related strategies, particularly those aimed at diminishing the strong dependence on traditional sources of energy and establishing new techniques and technologies for generating electrieity and utilizing the vast potential that the country is ready to offer, such as that provided by the Andes along 4,200 kilometers.

关键词： Mountain region Andes Energy supply Chile

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Contributions to data tra.smission at critical moments on unmanned aerial vehicles

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第8期36卷 247-257页

作者： Jose Enrique RODRIGUEZ David sEGURADO Manuel sAnchez Jose Javier MARTINEZ rafael GONZALEZ National Institute of Aerospace Technology Madrid 28850Spain Department of Computer science University of AlcalaAlcala de HenaresMadrid 28054Spain

As for unmanned aircraft, the knowledge of the aircraft performance is directly related with the navigation, guidance, and control system programming. Therefore, the measured data in each phase of the flight must be sufficiently precise to obtain a good characterization of *** article proposes new methods of sending information to ground, which make it possible to know the aircraft behavior accurately, and for this purpose, four contributions have been made for ALO(Avión Ligero de Observación, spanish acronym for Light Observation Aircraft). Currently, the characterization is based on data obtained at ten samples per second, insufficient to acquire detailed knowledge of what happened during the whole flight of an aircraft. As a result of these contributions, many more samples per second of accelerations and angular velocities are obtained at the most critical moments of the flight, such as takeoff or landing. Among the improvements included are data compression techniques, providing references to locate the measured data in time and identifying labels of each parameter.

关键词： Critical moments Data tra.smission Datacompression tech-niques Radio-modem Recommended standard 232(Rs-232) Unmannedaerial vehicle

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Tracheal relaxation of five medicinal plants used in Mexico for the treatment of several diseases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第3期7卷 179-183页

作者： Amanda.snchez-Recillas Paul Mantecón-Reyes Patricia Castillo-Espaa rafael Villalobos-Molina Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas samuel Estrada.soto Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Autonoma del Estado de MorelosAvenida Universidad 1001.Col.ChamilpaCuernavacaMorelos 62209México Centro de Investigación en Riotecnología Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos.Avenida Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaCuernavacaMorelos 62209México Unidad de Biomedicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantlaEstudo de Mexico 54090México

Objective:To a.sess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana(***),Cochlospermum vitifolium(***),Cordia morelosana(***),Lepechinia caulescens(***)and Talauma mexicana(71 mexicana)used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several ***:Extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature using hexane,dicliloromethane and methanol for each plant *** organic extracts were evaluated ex vivo to determine their relaxant activity on the contractions induced by carbaehol(cholinergic receptor agonist,1μmol/L in isolated rat tracheal ***:A total of 15 extracts were evaluated(three for each species).All test samples showed significant relaxant effect,in a concentration-dependent manner,on the contractions induced by 1μmol/L carbachol,with exception of extracts from *** extracts were less potent than theophylline[phosphodiesterase inhibitor,EC_(50):(28.79±0.82)μg/mL]that was used as positive ***-response curves revealed that the extracts with more significant effects were dichloromethanic extracts of ***[E_(max):(103.03±3.32)%and EC_(50):(159.39±3.72)μg/mL)and ***[Emax:(106.58±2.42)%and EC_(50):(219.54±7.61)μg/mL].Finally,hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts from *** were fully effective but less potent than ***,and ***:Less polar extracts obtained from ***,71 mexicana and *** exhibited greater relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings,which allows us to suggest them as sources for the isolation of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of asthma.

关键词： Asthma Mexican medicinal plants Trachea Relaxant effect

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Performance evaluation of lateral canopy shakers with catch frame for continuous harvesting of oranges for juice industry

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第3期13卷 88-93,F0002页

作者： rafael R.sola-Guirado sergio Castro-Garcia Gregorio L.Blanco-Roldán Jesús A.Gil-Ribes Emilio J.González-sánchez Universidad de Córdoba Departamento de Ingeniería RuralE.T.S.I.Agronómica y de MontesCampus de RabanalesCtra.Nacional IV Km 396CordobaSpain

Citrus is mainly oriented to fresh consumption,and harvesting is usually performed ***,the high cost of harvesting and the low availability of labour can compromise the profitability of the crop when it is destined to juice *** development of citrus mechanical harvesting for industrial processing is conditioned to reach a high fruit removal efficiency,with a reduced damage to both fruit and *** current machines available are very large,requiring extensive plantations with long rows of trees to be *** this study,two lateral canopy shakers equipped with a catch frame were evaluated to harvest independently both sides of the hedge on intensive citrus plantations with the main objective of determining their performance and *** lateral canopy shakers tested were three tractor-drawn machines,one commercial machine and two *** tested machines reached a mean value of 78%of fruit ***,the prototypes,equipped with a catch frame,were able to recover a mean value of 70%of *** the results were promising,for achieving an efficient result,the application of this harvesting technology still requires a process of improvement,and the adaptation of both the machine and the *** machines should reduce the amount of post-harvest ground fruit(5.9%-10.4%).Tree damages generated by the contact of the catch frame with the trunk and the metal rods with main branches were the most ***,it is still necessary to increase the ground speed of the machinery and improving the design of the rods,regulating the rod penetrating deep in the canopy to improve the fruit recovery and limit the damage ca.sed to the trees.

关键词： harvester mechanical harvesting fruit removal tree damage Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck

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Artificial intelligence and liver tra.splantation:Looking for the best donor-recipient pairing

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 347-353页

作者： Javier Briceno rafael Calleja César Hervás Unit of Liver Tra.splantation Department of General SurgeryHospital Universitario Reina SofíaCórdobaSpain Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba(IMIBIC) CórdobaSpain Department of Computer sciences and Numerical Analysis Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain

Decision-making based on artificial intelligence(AI)methodology is increasingly present in all areas of modern *** recent yea.s,models based on deep-learning have begun to be used in organ *** into account the huge number of factors and variables involved in donor-recipient(DR)matching,AI models may be well suited to improve organ ***-based models should provide two solutions:complement decision-making with current metrics based on logistic regression and improve their *** of cla.sifiers could be used to address this ***,not all of them are really useful for D-R ***,in the decision to a.sign a given donor to a candidate in waiting list,a multitude of variables are handled,including donor,recipient,logistic and perioperative *** these last two,some of them can be inferred indirectly from the team’s previous *** groups of AI models have been used in the D-R matching:artificial neural networks(ANN)and random forest(RF).The former mimics the functional architecture of neurons,with input layers and output *** algorithms can be uni-or *** general,ANNs can be used with large databases,where their generalizability is ***,they are models that are very sensitive to the quality of the databases and,in essence,they are black-box models in which all variables are ***,these models do not allow to know safely the weight of each *** the other hand,RF builds decision trees and works well with small *** addition,they can select top variables as with logistic ***,they are not useful with large databases,due to the extreme number of decision trees that they would generate,making them *** ANN and RF allow a.successful donor allocation in over 80%of D-R pairing,a number much higher than that obtained with the best statistical metrics such as model for end-stage liver disease,balance of risk

关键词： Donor-recipient matching Artificial intelligence Deep learning Artificial neural networks Random forest Liver tra.splantation outcome

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