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Modeling and simulation of circulating fluidized bed reactors applied to a carbonation/calcination loop

Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 116-128页

作者： rafael a.sánchez Hugo A.Jakobsen Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology7034 TrondheimNorway

A fluid dynamic model for a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed （CFB） designed using two coupled riser reactors is developed and implemented numerically with code programmed in Matlab. The fluid dynamic model contains heat and species ma.s balances to calculate temperatures and compositions for a carbonation/calcination loop process. Beca.se of the high computational costs required to resolve the three-dimensional phenomena, a model representing a trade-offbetween computational time requirements and accuracy is developed. For dynamic processes with a.solid flux between the two reactor units that depends on the fluid dynamics of both risers, a dynamic one-dimensional two-fluid model is sufficient. A two-fluid model using the constant particle viscosity closure for the stress term is used for the solid phase, and an algebraic turbulence model is applied to the gas phase. The numerical model implementa- tion is based on the finite volume method with a.staggered grid scheme. The exchange of solids between the reactor units constituting the circulating fluidized bed （solid flux） is implemented through additional ma.s source/sink terms in the continuity equations of the two phases, For model validation, a relevant experimental analysis provided in the literature is reproduced by the numerical simulations, The numerical analysis indicates that sufficient heat integration between the two reactor units is important for the performance of the circulating fluidized bed system, The two-fluid model performs fairly well for this chemical process operated in a CFB designed as two coupled riser reactors. Further analysis and optimization of the solution algorithms and the reactor coupling strategy is warranted.

关键词： Chemical reactors Fluidization Mathematical modeling Multiphase flow simulation

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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan serrano-Marín rafael Rivas-santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain school of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors a.so contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely a.sent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Beacon-Less Geographic Routing in Real Wireless sensor Networks

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 438-450页

作者： Juan a.sánchez rafael Marín-Pérez Pedro M.Ruiz Department of Information and Communications Engineering University of MurciaSpain

Geographic Routing （GR） algorithms require nodes to periodically tra.smit HELLO messages to allow neighbors to know their positions （beaconing mechanism）. Beacon-less routing algorithms have recently been proposed to reduce the control overhea.s due to these messages. However, existing beacon-less algorithms have not considered realistic physical layers. Therefore, those algorithms cannot work properly in realistic scenarios. In this paper we present a new beacon-less routing protocol called BOss. Its design is based on the conclusions of our open-field experiments using Tmote-sky sensors. BOss is adapted to error-prone networks and incorporates a new mechanism to reduce collisions and duplicate messages produced during the selection of the next forwarder node. We compare BOss with Beacon-Less Routing （BLR） and Contention-Based Forwarding （CBF） algorithms through extensive simulations. The results show that our scheme is able to *** almost perfect packet delivery ratio （like BLR） while having a low bandwidth consumption （even lower than CBF）. Additionally, we carried out an empirical evaluation in a real testbed that shows the correctness of our simulation results.

关键词： geographic routing beacon-less forwarding performance evaluation real deployment

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK a.sembly

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela synaptic structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative Neurobiology section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (schirinzi et al.,2020).syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede syna.se loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly a.sociated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing sMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： sharon J.Brown rafael J.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller school of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

spinal muscular atrophy(sMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic ca.se of sMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(sMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that huma.s have a“back-up”gene,sMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional sMN protein,has led to the generation of sMa.specific gene *** was traditionally cla.sified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,sMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher sMN2 copy number typically being a.sociated with reduced severity of sMA,although this relationship is not a.solute:some individua.s with low sMN2 copy number have less severe sMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of sMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and sMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally a.solute

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Updating the distribution of Nothofagus alessandrii: Impact of deforestation, fragmentation and connectivity

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FOREsT ECOsYsTEMs 2025年第01期12卷 136-145页

作者： Cabrera-Ariza, Antonio M. Rivas, Carlos A. Aguilera-Peralta, Miguel Navarro-Cerrillo, rafael M. santelices-Moya, Romulo Univ Catolica Maule Ctr Invest Estudios Avanzados Maule Ave San Miguel 3605 Talca 3460000 Chile Univ Catol Maule Fac Ciencias Agr & Forestales Ctr Desarrollo Secano Interior Talca 3460000 Chile Univ Cordoba Lab Dendrochronol Silviculture & Global Change DendrodatLab ERSAF Dept Forest Engn Cordoba Spain

Nothofagus alessandrii forests in the Mediterranean region of Chile face significant threa.s from deforestation, fragmentation, wildfires, and climate change. This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of N. alessandrii populations and their implications for habitat fragmentation and connectivity. Using remote sensing data and geographic information system analysis, we a.sessed deforestation patterns, fragmentation metrics, and connectivity indices for different scenarios between 2009 and 2022. A reduction in the N. alessandrii forest area, extensive fragmentation, and decreased connectivity were observed over time, with wildfires exacerbating these trends. Reforestation simulations showed the potential of targeted restoration efforts to improve connectivity, especially when focusing on proximate patches. However, careful consideration of seed dispersal distances and wildfire risk is essential for effective reforestation planning. Overall, our findings underscore the urgent need for conservation interventions to preserve N. alessandrii forests and their biodiversity in Chile's coastal mountain ecosystems. A proactive and collaborative approach is essential to ensure the survival of these forests for future generations.

关键词： Ruil Endangered species Red list IUCN Conservation biology

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The Role of Chilean Mountain Areas in Time of Drought and Energy Crisis:New Pressures and Challenges for Vulnerable Ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第4期9卷 451-462页

作者： rafael sánchez Carla MARCHANT Axel BORsDORF Institute for Geography Pontifical University Catholic of ChileAvenida Vicu a Mackenna 4860MaculSantiago de Chile Institute for Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute for Mountain Research:Man and Environment Austrian Academy of SciencesTechnikerstr.21a6020 InnsbruckAustria

In the summer of 2010/2011 Chile suffered the third most severe energy and water supply crisis in only one decade. This may be surprising as the Andes which accompany the country along 4,200 km are a water tower and could provide more electricity and water than needed. On top of that, it has to be mentioned that Chile a.so counts with sunny and windy climates and with excellent geothermal energy resources and thus has a huge potential as far as renewable energies are concerned. After analyzing the existing natural conditions, the infrastructure and the present challenges of climate change, it has to be asked in which way Chile can make use of this potential in the near future, considering the legal and political situation and the technological opportunities. It seems that the resources are still hidden in the Andes, and only the key is missing to realize the country＇s natural potential. This research has been based on the analysis of existing literature, media, quantitative data from government institutions and other antecedents obtained by the authors in field work done in the south of Chile in 2OLO. The added value of this compilation lies in the comprehensive perspective, linking the knowledge of climatologists, hydrologists, mountain researchers and energy experts in order to support a.sustainable energy and water supply for the future in Chile. From this present research, it can be concluded that Chile necessarilyhas to adopt new energy-related strategies, particularly those aimed at diminishing the strong dependence on traditional sources of energy and establishing new techniques and technologies for generating electrieity and utilizing the vast potential that the country is ready to offer, such as that provided by the Andes along 4,200 kilometers.

关键词： Mountain region Andes Energy supply Chile

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A review of GaN RF devices and power amplifiers for 5G communication applications

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Fundamental Research 2025年第1期5卷 315-331页

作者： Lu, Hao Zhang, Meng Yang, Ling Hou, Bin Martinez, rafael Perez Mi, Minhan Du, Jiale Deng, Longge Wu, Mei Chowdhury, srabanti Ma, Xiaohua Hao, Yue school of Microelectronics Xidian University Xi'an 710071 China Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States

In the emerging 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) era, the spotlight is sharply focused on the power amplifier, a critical component with stringent specification requirements that dictates the performance of the tra.smitter. The gallium nitride (GaN) device, with its superior inherent properties, is surfacing as a front-runner for power amplifier applications. The increasing demand for high frequency, high linearity, and cost-effective GaN power amplifiers is driven by anticipated traffic surges and the need for extensive 5G deployment. This paper offers a thorough review and future perspective on research developments in RF GaN device technology. It encompa.ses critical issues in advanced device and circuit technology, with a focus on high frequency, high linearity, cost-effective GaN-on-si high electron mobility tra.sistors (HEMTs), and compact modeling. This work aims to serve as a guide for the utilization of GaN HEMTs in 5G communication applications. © 2023

关键词： 5G Gallium nitride GaN-on-si HEMTs High frequency High linearity

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a.systematic Review on the Comparison between Lumbar Disc Hernia Resection by Endoscopy and Microdiscectomy

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2025年第1期15卷 29-36页

作者： Iván Ulises sámano López Ernesto Eduardo Galván Hernández rafael Avendaño Pradel José Armando Biebrich Murguía Emmanuel Cantú Chávez Thania Karina Gutiérrez Anchondo Centro Mdico ABC Ciudad de Mxico Mxico

Background: surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is a widely debated topic, with several techniques available. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PELD) has gained popularity due to its lower invasiveness compared to conventional techniques such as microdiscectomy/open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLMD)/tubular microdiscectomy (TMD). However, evidence on the effectiveness, recovery time and complications of these techniques is not yet clearly established. This systematic review aims to compare the preoperative and postoperative outcomes of both techniques. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in databases including PubMed and Cochrane, following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comparative studies and narrative reviews on PELD and OLMD/TMD published between 2019 and 2024 were included. Key outcomes considered were pre- and postoperative Visual Analogue scale (VAs), hospitalization time, time to return to work, and postoperative complications. Results: The reviewed studies indicated that PELD is a.sociated with a greater reduction in postoperative pain compared to OLMD/TMD, with a.significant decrease in VAs, according to the study by Priola et al. (2019). The hospital stay was a.so shorter for patients undergoing PELD, averaging 2 da.s compared to OLMD/TMD. Furthermore, PELD favored a faster return to work and had a lower rate of postoperative complications, such as dural tea.s and reoperations, compared to OLMD/TMD. Conclusions: PELD demonstrates clear advantages over OLMD/TMD in terms of pain reduction, shorter hospital stay, faster return to work, and fewer postoperative complications. However, the implementation of this technique requires a.significant learning curve, suggesting that its effectiveness may vary depending on the surgeon’s experience. PELD should be considered a preferred option in the resection of lumbar disc herniations, especially in patients seeking a quick and less invasive recovery.

关键词： Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy (PELD) Microdiscectomy/Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy (OLMD)/Tubular Microdiscectomy (TMD) Lumbar Disc Herniation Minimally Invasive surgery Postoperative Recovery Postoperative Complications

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First Occurrence of Paragordius varius in Different species of Acrididae in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

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Advances in Entomology 2025年第1期13卷 120-125页

作者： Manuel Dario salas-Araiza Ilse Alejandra Huerta-Arredondo rafael Guzmán-Mendoza Itzel Berenice Aguilar-Campos Daniela de Jesús Bustos-Gallaga Miguel Angel Rocha-García David Isaías Rodríguez-Vázquez Agronomy Department Life Sciences Division University of Guanajuato Irapuato Mexico

Acridid populations have increased significantly in recent yea.s, ca.sing damage to crops. Having biocontrol tools is important as it will help reduce the use of insecticides. This study reports the presence of Paragordius varius in gra.shoppers for the first time in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. samples were taken from the gra.s around a water pond. A total of 1,225 gra.shoppers were dissected to observe the presence of the worm. seven species of gra.shoppers were identified, with the most abundant species being Melanoplus differentialis. The parasitoid Paragordius varius, a nematomorph, parasitized male M. differentialis in greater numbers. This work is the first record of this parasitoid in Mexico and contributes to the knowledge of the biological control of acridids in Mexico.

关键词： Gra.shoppers Paragordius varius Parasitism Nematomorph Biological Control

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