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Cognitive Radio Networks Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 751-765页

作者： raed Alhamad Information Technology Department Saudi Electronic UniversityRiaydhKingdom of Saudi Arabia

In this article,we optimize harvesting and sensing duration for Cognitive Radio Networks(CRN)using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces(IRS).The secondary source harvests energy using the received signal from node ***,it performs spectrum sensing to detect Primary Source PS *** PS activity is not detected,The Secondary Source SS transmits data to Secondary Destination SD where all reflected signals on IRS are in phase at *** show that IRS offers 14,20,26,32,38,44,50 dB enhancement in throughput using M=8,16,32,64,128,256,512 reflectors with respect to CRN without *** also suggested to add a second IRS between A and SS to increase the harvested *** use of 2 IRS with M1=8 reflectors in the first IRS and M2=8 reflectors in the second IRS offers 18 dB gain(respectively 32 dB)gain with respect to a single IRS with M2=8 reflectors(respectively without IRS).The use of 2 IRS with M1=16 reflectors in the first IRS and M2=8 reflectors in the second IRS offers 28 dB gain(respectively 42 dB)gain with respect to a single IRS with M2=8 reflectors(respectively without IRS).Our results are valid for Nakagami channels of fading figure *** also provide the throughput of IRS with energy *** have studied packet waiting time and total delay in the presence and absence or *** Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)per bit equal to 0 dB,packet waiting time is 0.9 ms when there is no IRS and 0.5 ms when there is an IRS with M=8 *** SNR per bit equal to 0 dB,total transmission delay is 54 ms when there is no IRS and 1.5 ms when there is an IRS with M=8 *** show that the energy efficiency is larger when both harvesting and sensing durations are *** maximum of energy efficiency is 260 Mbit/s/Hz/J when harvesting and sensing durations are optimized while the maximum is 80 Mbit/s/Hz/J when harvesting and sensing durations are not optimized.

关键词： Cognitive radio networks energy harvesting spectrum sensing throughput analysis

Symbol Error Probability of Incremental Relaying with Distributed/Centralized Relay Selection

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China Communications 2020年第11期17卷 141-155页

作者： raed Alhamad Hatem Boujemaa Saudi Electronic University College of Computation and InformaticsRiyadh13316Saudi Arabia COSIM-SUPCOM Tunis2083 Tunisia

In this paper,we derive the Symbol Error Probability(SEP)of cooperative systems with incremental relaying and Distributed Relay Selection(DRS).The relays remain idle when the Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)between the source and destination is larger than ***,we activate a relay using *** nodes transmit only if their SNR is larger than thresholdβ.If the SNRs of more than two relays is larger thanβ,there is a collision and the destination uses only the received signal from the *** all relays have SNR less thanβ,no relay is ***βis optimized to yield the lowest SEP at the *** results are compared to centralized relay selection using opportunistic Amplify and Forward(OAF),Partial and Reactive Relay Selection(PRS and RRS).We compare our results to computer simulations for Rayleigh fading channels.

关键词： incremental relaying distributed relay selection centralized relay selection rayleigh fading channels

Solar Energy Harvesting Using a Timer-Based Relay Selection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2149-2159页

作者： raed Alhamad Hatem Boujemaa Information Technology Department Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia UCAR-SUPCOM-COSIM Ariana2083Tunisia

In this paper,the throughput and delay of cooperative communications are derived when solar energy is used and relay node is selected using a *** source and relays harvest energy from sun using a photo voltaic *** harvested power is used by the source to transmit data to the ***,a selected relay amplifies the signal to the ***,partial and reactive relay selection are *** relay transmits when its timer *** timer is set to a value proportional to the inverse of its Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR).Therefore,the relay with largest SNR will transmit first and its signal will be detected by the other relays that will remain idle to avoid *** duration is optimized to maximize the ***’s waiting time and total delay are also *** also derive the statistics of SNR when solar energy is *** harvested power from sun is proportional to the sum of a deterministic radiation intensity and a random attenuation due to weather effects and clouds *** fixed radiation intensity depends on season,month and time t in *** throughput of cooperative communications with energy harvesting from sun was not yet studied.

关键词： Solar energy harvesting timer based relay selection relaying techniques throughput and delay analysis

Throughput Enhancement for NOMA Systems Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5233-5244页

作者： raed Alhamad Hatem Boujemaa Information Technology Department Saudi Electronic UniversityRiaydhSaudi Arabia UCAR-SUPCOM-COSIM Ariana2083Tunisia

In this article,we optimize the powers associated to Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)users,sensing and harvesting duration for Cognitive Radio Networks(CRN).The secondary source harvests energy from node A ***,it senses the channel to detect primary ***,the secondary source transmits a signal that is reflected by Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces(IRS)so that all reflections have a zero phase at any user.A set Ii of reflectors are associated to user *** use ofM=Mi=512,256,128,64,32,16,8 reflectors per user offers 45,42,39,36,33,30,27 dB gain *** absence of *** also suggest the use of IRS in energy *** use P=8 reflectors for energy harvesting and M=Mi=8 reflectors per user for data communications offers 7 and 38 dB gain *** IRSM=Mi=8 and the absence of *** use of P=16 reflectors for energy harvesting and M=Mi=8 reflectors per user for data communications offers 9 and 42 dB gain *** IRS M=Mi=8 and the absence of IRS.

关键词： CRN NOMA spectrum sensing energy harvesting throughput maximization

NOMA with Adaptive Transmit Power Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 2059-2070页

作者： raed Alhamad Hatem Boujemaa Information Technology Department Saudi Electronic UniversityRiaydhSaudi Arabia University of Carthage SUPCOM-COSIMAriana2083Tunisia

In this article,we use Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces(IRS)to improve the throughput of Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)with Adaptive Transmit Power(ATP).The results are valid for Cognitive Radio Networks(CRN)where secondary source adapts its power to generate low interference at primary *** all previous studies,IRS were implemented with fixed transmit power and previous results are not valid when the power of the secondary source is *** CRN,secondary nodes are allowed to transmit over the same band as primary users since they adapt their power to minimize the generated *** NOMA user has a subset of dedicated *** any NOMA user,all IRS reflections have the same ***-NOMA using IRS offers 7,13,20 dB gain ***-NOMAwithout IRS for N=8,16,32 *** also evaluate the effects of primary *** results are valid for any number of NOMA users,Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM)and Rayleigh channels.

关键词： IRS 6G CRN NOMA adaptive transmit power(ATP)

A Modified Oppositional Chaotic Local Search Strategy Based Aquila Optimizer to Design an Effective Controller for Vehicle Cruise Control System

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1828-1851页

作者： Serdar Ekinci Davut Izci Laith Abualigah raed Abu Zitar Department of Computer Engineering Batman University72100BatmanTurkey Center for Engineering Application and Technology Solutions Ho Chi Minh City Open UniversityHo Chi MinhVietnam Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan Computer Science Department Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah Faculty for Information TechnologyAl Al-Bayt UniversityMafraq25113Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11931Jordan School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800PenangPulau PinangMalaysia Sorbonne Center of Artificial Intelligence Sorbonne University-Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

In this work,we propose a real proportional-integral-derivative plus second-order derivative(PIDD2)controller as an efficient controller for vehicle cruise control systems to address the challenging issues related to efficient *** this regard,this paper is the first report in the literature demonstrating the implementation of a real PIDD2 controller for controlling the respective *** construct a novel and efficient metaheuristic algorithm by improving the performance of the Aquila Optimizer via chaotic local search and modified opposition-based learning strategies and use it as an excellently performing tuning *** also propose a simple yet effective objective function to increase the performance of the proposed algorithm(CmOBL-AO)to adjust the real PIDD2 controller's parameters *** show the CmOBL-AO algorithm to perform better than the differential evolution algorithm,gravitational search algorithm,African vultures optimization,and the Aquila Optimizer using well-known unimodal,multimodal benchmark ***2019 test suite is also used to perform ablation experiments to reveal the separate contributions of chaotic local search and modified opposition-based learning strategies to the CmOBL-AO *** the vehicle cruise control system,we confirm the more excellent performance of the proposed method against particle swarm,gray wolf,salp swarm,and original Aquila optimizers using statistical,Wilcoxon signed-rank,time response,robustness,and disturbance rejection *** also use fourteen reported methods in the literature for the vehicle cruise control system to further verify the more promising performance of the CmOBL-AO-based real PIDD2 controller from a wider *** excellent performance of the proposed method is also illustrated through different quality indicators and different operating ***,we also demonstrate the good performing capability of the CmOBL-AO algorithm for real traffic *** show

关键词： Aquila optimizer Chaotic local search Modified opposition-based learning Real PIDD^(2)controller Vehicle cruise control system Bionic engineering

Genetic Algorithm Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 941-960页

作者： raed Alsaqour Saif Kamal Maha Abdelhaq Yazan Al Jeroudi Department of Information Technology College of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic University93499RiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Technology Engineering Iraq University College(IUC)BasraIraq Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University84428RiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak53100SelangorMalaysia

Mobile ad hoc network(MANET)is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network with time-variable *** that nodes are highly mobile,MANET’s topology often *** changes increase the difficulty in finding the routes that the packets use when they are *** study proposes an algorithm called genetic algorithm-based location-aided routing(GALAR)to enhance the MANET routing protocol *** GALAR algorithm maintains an adaptive update of the node location information by adding the transmitting node location information to the routing packet and selecting the transmitting node to carry the packets to their *** GALAR was constructed based on a genetic optimization scheme that considers all contributing factors in the delivery behavior using criterion function *** results showed that the GALAR algorithm can make the probability of packet delivery ratio more than 99%with less network ***,GALAR was compared to other algorithms in terms of different network evaluation *** GALAR algorithm significantly outperformed the other algorithms that were used in the study.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc network location-aided routing protocol location information genetic algorithm

Multi-Criteria Prediction Mechanism for Vehicular Wi-Fi Offloading

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2313-2337页

作者： Mahmoud Alawi raed Alsaqour Abdi Abdalla Maha Abdelhaq Mueen Uddin Department of Computer Engineering and IT Faculty of EngineeringZanzibar UniversityZanzibarTanzania Department of Information Technology College of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh93499Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering College of ICTUniversity of Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei DarussalamNegara Brunei Darussalam

The growing demands of vehicular network applications,which have diverse networking and multimedia capabilities that passengers use while traveling,cause an overload of cellular *** scenario affects the quality of service(QoS)of vehicle and non-vehicle ***,wireless fidelity access points Wi-Fi access point(AP)and fourth generation long-term evolution advanced(4G LTE-A)networks are broadly ***-Fi APs can be utilized by vehicle users to stabilize 4G LTE-A ***,utilizing the opportunistic Wi-Fi APs to offload the 4G LTE-A networks in a vehicular ad hoc network environment is a relatively difficult *** condition is due to the short coverage of Wi-Fi APs and weak deployment strategies of *** studies have proposed that offloading mechanisms depend on the historical Wi-Fi connection patterns observed by an interest vehicle in making an offloading ***,depending solely on the historical connection patterns affects the prediction accuracy and offloading ratio of most existing mechanisms even when AP location information is *** present study proposed a multi-criteria wireless availability prediction(MWAP)mechanism,which utilizes historical connection patterns,historical data rate information,and vehicular trajectory computation to predict the next available AP and its expected data capacity in making offloading *** proposed mechanism is decentralized,where each vehicle makes the prediction by *** characteristic helps the vehicle users make a proactive offloading decision that maintains the QoS for different applications.A simulation utilizing MATLAB was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism and benchmark it with related state-of-the-art mechanisms.A comparison was made based on the prediction error and offloading ratio of the proposed mechanism in several *** MWAP mechanism exhibited a lower prediction error(i.e.,below 20%)and higher offloading rat

关键词： Vehicular network markov predictor 4G LTE-A Wi-Fi offloading prediction model heterogeneous network

Designing Genetic Regulatory Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets Approach

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第3期7卷 403-412页

作者： raed I.Hamed Syed I.Ahson Rafat Parveen Department of Computer Science University of Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Patna University Patna 800005 India

In this paper, we have successfully presented a fuzzy Petri net （FPN） model to design the genetic regulatory network. Based on the FPN model, an efficient algorithm is proposed to automatically reason about imprecise and fuzzy information. By using the reasoning algorithm for the FPN, we present an alternative approach that is more promising than the fuzzy logic. The proposed FPN approach offers more flexible reasoning capability because it is able to obtain results with fuzzy intervals rather than point values. In this paper, a novel model with a new concept of hidden fuzzy transition （HFT） to design the genetic regulatory network is developed. We have built the FPN model and classified the input data in terms of time point and obtained the output data, so the system can be viewed as the two-input and one output system. This method eliminates possible false predictions from the classical fuzzy model thereby allowing a wider search space for inferring regulatory relationship. The experimental results show the proposed approach is feasible and acceptable to design the genetic regulatory network and investigate the dynamical behaviors of gene network.

关键词： Genetic regulatory networks fuzzy Petri net (FPN) fuzzy reasoning fuzzy transition modeling.