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Low heritability of social phenotypes in a nonpasserine waterbird

Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 465-471页

作者： Piotr Minias Joanna Drzewińnska-Chanko radostaw wtodarczyk Departmentof Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity oftodzBanacha 1/390-237 todzPoland

Most behavioral traits are known to be weakly heritable,possibly due to their extreme complexity and *** this general pattern,within-species variation in avian colony size choice has been reported to have a strong additive genetic component,but we are aware of no attempts to assess the heritability of avian sociality at the finer spatial ***,we used an animal model and parent-offspring regression to quantify additive genetic variance in social phenotype(local nesting density)in a nonpasserine waterbird,the common tern Sterna *** this purpose,we used a novel experimental framework,where variation in the social environment was generated by providing birds with artificial patches of attractive nesting substrate that markedly varied in *** 2011-2019,we collected data on social preferences for either low or high nesting density in over 250 individuals,either kin(mostly parent-offspring relationships)or non-kin recorded breeding multiple times across *** heritability estimates of local nesting density were low(<0.10),irrespectively of fixed effects(sex and year)included in the models,data used in the modeling(all individuals *** recruits),or methodological approach(animal model ***-offspring regression).We conclude that avian sociality,as measured at the local scale,may be much less heritable than colony size choice,as measured at the landscape *** study adds to the understanding of additive genetic variance in avian behavior,and it underlines a scale dependency in the heritability of behavioral traits.

关键词： animal model birds common tern heritability parent-offspring regression sociality.

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Data Envelopment Analysis in Estimation of Technical Efficiency Change of Regional Agriculture Production EU, 1989-2007

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2011年第1期1卷 43-51页

作者： Lucyna Blazejczyk-Majka radostaw Kala Krzysztof Macieiewski Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznah Poznah 61-809 Poland Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods Poznah University of Life Sciences Poznah 60-63 7 Poland Department of Product Ecology Poznah University of Economics Poznah 60-967 Poland

Assessment of production efficiency in economic activity is a major issue focused on by economists since the middle of the 20th century. One of the methods suitable in this respect is data envelopment analysis （DEA） facilitating the estimation of technical efficiency based on results obtained by a specified set of producers. Dynamics of changes in efficiency in agricultural production may be assessed on the basis of time series of several years. In the study, one of the variants of DEA was applied to economic results recorded in the years 1989-2007 by average farms representing selected regions of the European Union. The resulting individual dynamics of technical efficiency changes were divided into four homogeneous groups to facilitate identification of differences in production technology. These differences were then explained by classical analysis of basic factors use in agricultural production.

关键词： DEA technical efficiency variable return to scale output-efficiency.

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