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Patients direct costs to undergo TB diagnosis

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 221-229页

作者： rachel m.Anderson de Cuevas Lovett Lawson Najla Al-Sonboli Nasher Al-Aghbari Isabel Arbide Jeevan B.Sherchand Emenyonu E.Nnamdi Abraham Aseffa mohammed A.Yassin Saddiq T.Abdurrahman Joshua Obasanya Oladimeji Olanrewaju Daniel Datiko Sally J.Theobald Andrew Ramsay S.Bertel Squire Luis E.Cuevas Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Zankli medical Center AbujaNigeria Bingham University Nassarawa StateAbujaNigeria medical Faculty Sana’a UniversitySana’aYemen National Tuberculosis Institute Sana’aYemen Bushullo major Health Centre AwassaEthiopia Tribhuvan University Institute of medicine KathmanduNepal Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis AbabaEthiopia The Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland Federal Capital Territory Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria Nigeria Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria REACH Ethiopia HawassaEthiopia UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:A major impediment to the treatment of TB is a diagnostic process that requires multiple *** of patient costs associated with diagnosis use different protocols and are not ***:We aimed to describe the direct costs incurred by adults attending TB diagnostic centres in four countries and factors associated with expenditure for *** of 2225 adults attending smear-microscopy centres in Nigeria,Nepal,Ethiopia and ***>18 years with cough>2 weeks were enrolled *** costs were quantified using structured *** with costs>75^(th) quartile were considered to have high expenditure(cases)and compared with patients with costsmost significant expenses were due to clinic fees and *** participants attended the centres with *** expenditure was associated with attending with company,residing in rural areas/other towns and ***:The costs incurred by patients are substantial and share common patterns across *** user fees,transparent charging policies and reimbursing clinic expenses would reduce the poverty-inducing effects of direct diagnostic *** locations with limited resources,support could be prioritised for those most at risk of high expenditure;those who are illiterate,attend the service with company and rural residents.

关键词： Tuberculosis Costs Access to healthcare Ethiopia Nepal Nigeria Yemen

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排名前10的与预防运动和体育活动猝死相关的关键问题

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体育科研 2018年第2期39卷 31-46页

作者： rachel K.Katch Samantha E.Scarneo William m.Adams Lawrence E.Armstrong Luke N.Belval Julie m.Stamm Douglas J.Casa 朱为模(审校) 科里斯特林格研究所美国康涅狄格大学北卡罗来纳大学格林斯博罗校区美国威斯康辛-麦迪逊大学美国美国伊利诺伊大学美国

参加有组织的体育运动和休闲活动存在发生严重伤病甚至死亡的内在风险。虽然造成体育运动或体育活动中猝死的原因有很多,但运动医学和循证标准治疗方面的进展已使临床医生得以更有效地预防、发现和治疗可能致死的伤患。随着研究与技术... 详细信息

参加有组织的体育运动和休闲活动存在发生严重伤病甚至死亡的内在风险。虽然造成体育运动或体育活动中猝死的原因有很多,但运动医学和循证标准治疗方面的进展已使临床医生得以更有效地预防、发现和治疗可能致死的伤患。随着研究与技术不断发展进步,当前的治疗标准正在不断发展以更好地改善患者的治疗效果。本文提出了10个与运动和体育活动中猝死的主要原因及其治疗手段有关的关键问题,未来开展的研究将提高运动员和休闲运动爱好者参与运动的安全度。当前证据表明,如采取正确的预防策略或最佳治疗方案,绝大多数的死亡案例是可以避免的。

关键词：教育劳力性中暑体检预筛查心源性猝死

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CrowdCall把微信的一个功能做成一个APP!

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创业邦 2013年第4期 86-86页

作者： G.m. rachel Wan

SocialDial这款App诞生于一个简单的想法：让用户通过联系人的Linkedln卡当案，在不知道对方电话号码的情况下给联系人拨打电话。该应用程序于2011年推出，数月后下载量突破5万。联合创始人兰迪·亚当斯与合伙人,

关键词： APP 成一电话号码应用程序 App 打电话合伙人亚当斯

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地球自转和倾角的实时测量

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物理 2020年第9期49卷 628-628页

作者：戴闻(编译) 中国科学院理化技术研究所

地球的自转旋转速度和自转轴取向,始终经历着行星内部、海洋和大气变化所带来的持续不断的涨落。德国研究人员最近报道了对这些微小涨落的第一次连续测量。这一实验设施的主体由埋在地下14 m深处的4个激光陀螺组合而成。新设施提供的数... 详细信息

地球的自转旋转速度和自转轴取向,始终经历着行星内部、海洋和大气变化所带来的持续不断的涨落。德国研究人员最近报道了对这些微小涨落的第一次连续测量。这一实验设施的主体由埋在地下14 m深处的4个激光陀螺组合而成。新设施提供的数据对于保持GPS导航系统之即时精度非常重要。

关键词：实验设施 GPS导航系统地球自转自转轴连续测量实时测量大气变化涨落

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性别特异性的纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂14G/5G多态性与中心动脉压的相关性

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中华高血压杂志(中英文) 2011年第11期19卷 1097-1097页

作者： Hanna m.Bjrck Per Eriksson Urban Alehagen rachel De Basso Liza U.Ljungberg Karin Persson Ulf Dahlstrm Toste Lnne

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)4G/5G多态性与高血压有关。近年来已证实,中心动脉压比肱动脉压能更好地评估心血管损伤和临床转归。该研究调查了4G/5G多态性对老年人群中心动脉压可能产生的影响。方法... 详细信息

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)4G/5G多态性与高血压有关。近年来已证实,中心动脉压比肱动脉压能更好地评估心血管损伤和临床转归。该研究调查了4G/5G多态性对老年人群中心动脉压可能产生的影响。方法:入选受试者410人(男性216人,女性194人,年龄70～88

关键词：中心动脉压纤溶酶原激活物多态性特异性抑制剂浮选药剂相关性性别

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青少年艾滋病毒感染者全球研究议程

青少年艾滋病毒感染者全球研究议程

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作者： Alice Armstrong Jason m.Nagata marissa Vicari Cadi Irvine Lucie Cluver Annette H.Sohn Jane Ferguson Georgina Caswell Lucy Wanjiku Njenga rachel Baggaley martina Penazzato 张雅琴 Department of HIV and Global Hepatitis Programme World Health Organization Division of Adolescent and Young Adult medicine Department of Pediatrics University of CaliforniaSan Francisc(UCSF) Department of Psychiatry and mental Health University of Cape Town

【背景】尽管人们对青少年HIV的研究兴趣越来越大,但与青少年HIV感染者(ALHIV)的需求相比,目前介入研究的速度仍然很低。需要更有力的证据为创新和有针对性的干预措施提供信息,以弥补研究差距,为政策提供信息,并改善青少年的成果。世卫... 详细信息

【背景】尽管人们对青少年HIV的研究兴趣越来越大,但与青少年HIV感染者(ALHIV)的需求相比,目前介入研究的速度仍然很低。需要更有力的证据为创新和有针对性的干预措施提供信息,以弥补研究差距,为政策提供信息,并改善青少年的成果。世卫组织和CIPHER开展了一项全球研究优先次序的工作,以便在资源减少的情况下集中精力进行优先研究。【方法】采用儿童健康与营养研究倡议(CHNRI)方法。结果由一个专家组进行审查,并确定了检测、治疗和服务提供、现有政策、已发表文献和正在进行的研究的5个优先主题。【结果】共有来自67个国家的323人提交了986个研究问题。关于艾滋病毒检测,优先主题包括战略和干预措施,以改善获得、接受和与护理的联系,以及自我检测,特别是对关键人群。在治疗方面,优先事项包括监测和改善依从性的战略、新型药物输送系统、预防和管理共感染、最佳药物序列以及短期和长期结果。在服务提供方面,优先事项包括整个层级的服务提供模式、提高护理和性健康和生殖健康保留率的战略、对怀孕的ALHIV的支持以及提供心理社会支持。【结论】这一优先研究议程有助于集中今后对ALHIV的研究,并有助于填补关键的知识空白。关键的利益相关者、捐赠者、项目经理和研究人员都应该支持这些优先问题和主题,共同推动青少年艾滋病研究议程向前发展。

关键词：青少年艾滋病毒研究议程艾滋病毒检测艾滋病毒治疗艾滋病毒服务提供

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Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among healthcare workers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 1190-1202页

作者： Gadji mahamat Sebastien Kenmoe Etheline W Akazong Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo Donatien Serge mbaga Arnol Bowo-Ngandji Joseph Rodrigue Foe-Essomba marie Amougou-Atsama Chavely Gwladys monamele Chris Andre mbongue mikangue Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse Jeannette Nina magoudjou-Pekam Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap Dowbiss meta-Djomsi martin maidadi-Foudi Sabine Aimee Touangnou-Chamda Audrey Gaelle Daha-Tchoffo Abdel Aziz Selly-Ngaloumo rachel Audrey Nayang-mundo Jacqueline Felicite Yengue Jean Bosco Taya-Fokou Lorraine K m Fokou Raoul Kenfack-momo Dimitri Tchami Ngongang Efietngab Atembeh Noura Herve Raoul Tazokong Cynthia Paola Demeni Emoh Cyprien Kengne-Nde Jean Joel Bigna Onana Boyomo Richard Njouom Department of microbiology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Biochemistry University of DschangDschang 00237Cameroon medical Research Centre Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of mycobacteriology Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon Centre de Recherche sur les maladies Emergentes et Re-Emergentes Institut de Recherches Medicales et d'Etudes des Plantes MedicinalesYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Biochemistry The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of medical Biochemistry The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of microbiology Protestant University of Central AfricaYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Animals Biology and Physiology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Evaluation and Research Unit National AIDS Control CommitteeYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon

BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global public health concern that affects about 2 billion people and causes 1 million people deaths *** is a bloodborne disease and healthcare workers(HCWs)are a high-risk group because of occupational hazard to patients’*** regions of the world show a highly variable proportion of HCWs infected and/or immunized against *** data on serologic markers of HBV infection and immunization in HCWs are very important to improve strategies for HBV *** To determine the worldwide prevalence of HBV serological markers among *** In this systematic review and meta–analyses,we searched Pubmed and Excerpta medica Database(Embase)to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019 on the prevalence of HBV serological markers in HCWs *** also manually searched for references of relevant *** independent investigators selected studies and included those on the prevalence of each of the HBV serological markers including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis e antigen(HBeAg),immunoglobulin m anti-HBc,and *** quality of eligible studies was assessed and random-effect model meta-analysis resulted in the pooled prevalence of HBV serological markers HBV infection in ***(I²)was assessed using theχ²test on Cochran’s Q statistic and H ***’sources were explored through subgroup and metaregression *** study is registered with PROSPERO,number *** We reviewed 14059 references,out of which 227 studies corresponding to 448 prevalence data among HCWs(224936 HCWs recruited from 1964 to 2019 in 71 countries)were included in this *** pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg,current HBeAg,and acute HBV infection among HCWs were 2.3%[95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-2.7],0.2%(95%CI:0.0-1.7),and 5.3%(95%CI:1.4-11.2),*** pooled seroprevalences of total immunity against HBV and immu

关键词： Healthcare workers Hepatitis B virus Seroprevalence Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis e antigen

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Theoretical insights into the role of defects in the optimization of the electrochemical capacitance of graphene

Energy Materials and Devices

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Energy materials and Devices 2024年第3期2卷 81-96页

作者： Alex Aziz Wei Yu Rui Tang rachel Crespo-Otero Devis Di Tommaso Hirotomo Nishihara manchester metropolitan University Department of Natural SciencesManchester M15GDUnited Kindom Advanced Institute for materials Research(WPI-AImR) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan College of materials Science and Engineering Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean EnergyHunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied TechnologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kindom Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUnited Kindom Institute of multidisciplinary Research for Advanced materials Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

Graphene-based frameworks suffer from a low quantum capacitance due to graphene’s Dirac point at the Fermi *** theoretical study investigated the effect structural defects,nitrogen and boron doping,and surface epoxy/hydroxy groups have on the electronic structure and capacitance of *** functional theory calculations reveal that the lowest energy configurations for nitrogen or boron substitutional doping occur when the dopant atoms are *** elucidates why the magnetic transition for nitrogen doping is experimentally only observed at higher doping *** also highlight that the lowest energy configuration for a single vacancy defect is *** density functional theory calculations show that the fixed band approximation becomes increasingly inaccurate for electrolytes with lower dielectric *** introduction of structural defects rather than nitrogen or boron substitutional doping,or the introduction of adatoms leads to the largest increase in density of states and capacitance around graphene’s Dirac ***,the presence of adatoms or substitutional doping leads to a larger shift of the potential of zero charge away from graphene’s Dirac point.

关键词： implicit solvent models electrical double layer joint density functional theory graphene based supercapacitors quantum capacitance

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BillGuard保卫信用卡安全

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创业邦 2013年第2期 118-118页

作者： Katherine Duncan rachel Wan

m2 Benefit Solutions或许是最不可能遭遇信用卡欺诈的公司之一，它是圣路易斯的一家提供身份保护、旅游和远程医疗服务的市场营销商。几年前，其联合创始人马克·迈凯伦在公司信用卡上发现了未经授权的消费，他很快就注销了卡，并开始... 详细信息

m2 Benefit Solutions或许是最不可能遭遇信用卡欺诈的公司之一，它是圣路易斯的一家提供身份保护、旅游和远程医疗服务的市场营销商。几年前，其联合创始人马克·迈凯伦在公司信用卡上发现了未经授权的消费，他很快就注销了卡，并开始思考可以让m2提高身份认证保护的方法——如何添加新的安全级别以自动捕捉通常会被忽视的银行和信用卡公司的非法收费行为。

关键词：信用卡安全信用卡公司保卫医疗服务收费行为身份认证营销商创始人

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Impacts of Residual Phosphorus on the Production of Cowpea in the Cerrado Region

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 645-658页

作者： Jair da Costa Gaspar marileia Barros Furtado Welder José dos Santos Silva Isaías dos Santos Reis Nítalo André Farias machado maryzélia Furtado de Farias Jomar Livramento Barros Furtado Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade Raquel da Silva Sobral Luisa Julieth Parra-Serrano Khalil de menezes Rodrigues Raissa rachel Salustriano Silva-matos Center of Agrarian Sciences and Environmental Federal University of Maranhao Chapadinha Brazil Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Piauí Teresina Brazil Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Sao Paulo Brazil Exact and Technological Science Center State University of Western Paraná Cascavel Brazil

Phosphate fertilizers when applied to the soil, besides being harvested by the crops, promote a residual effect that can be offered to subsequent crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of phosphate fertilization applied to maize cultivation on the successor crop, cowpea, in the Cerrado region in maranhao. The research was carried out in the experimental area of Federal University of maranhao (UFmA), located in the city of Chapadinha, mA (3°44'30"S, 43°21'37''W). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of the following residual P doses: 0, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kg·ha-1 of P2O5. The cultivation of cowpea (cultivar BRS guariba) was sown at a spacing of 1.0 × 0.20 m. The cowpea proved to be efficient in the use of residual phosphate fertilization, since it promoted grain yield close to the national average. The cultivation of cowpea in previously cultivated areas is feasible, in order to take advantage of the residual phosphate fertilization in the Cerrado of East of maranhao. The phosphorus dose applied in the predecessor crop corresponding to 80 kg·ha-1 of P2O5 promoted higher grain yield (393.44 mg·ha-1) and a greater profit margin (US $326.26). Thus, it is feasible to grow cowpea in previously cultivated areas, in order to take advantage of residual phosphate fertilization.

关键词： Fertilizing Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Phosphate Fertilization Residue

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