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Partial Fusion (F) Gene Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Detected in Pakistan during 2021-2022

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 256-275页

作者： Muhammad Danish Mehmood Huma Anwar Ul-haq Rauf Khalid Yasir Amin Muhammad Usman Ghani Muhammad Ismail rabia Habib Fareeha Arshed Abdul Rasheed Shaukat Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan Research & Development Division Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Quality Assurance Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center Abbottabad Pakistan Quality Control Department Ottoman Pharma Immuno Lahore Pakistan Production Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Poultry Production Department Sabir&#8217s Poultry Pvt. Ltd. Sabroso Pakistan

Newcastle disease (ND) virus is a leading threat to commercial and domestic poultry in Pakistan. The virus infects and constitutes irreversible impairment to the nervous system, damages the respiratory system, and marks severe gastrointestinal lesions leading to heavy mortality in short-living birds and substantial losses in layers and breeders. The continuous emergence and evolution of the virus made it inclined to evade the humoral response and indirectly the circumvention of artificial active immunization. Newcastle disease is caused by the orthoavula genus of the paramyxoviridae family and has shown high genetic diversity even in their genotypes while information regarding enzootic trends of the virus is scanty in Pakistan. A total of 40 tracheal samples of NDV were collected from different commercial broiler farms and 11 isolates of NDV were identified. In the current study, we determined the genetic diversity of the Newcastle disease virus based on the partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene available in the NCBI database. Genetic analysis showed that seven isolates belonged to class I genotype VII and four belonged to class II genotype II. Interestingly, two isolates had epidemiological connections with vaccine-like class II genotype II. Our findings, concerning the recent outbreaks of class I genotype VII and class II genotype II of NDV in vaccinated commercial flocks, suggest possible potential partial mutations in the fusion protein gene. Genetic diversity and formation of the new cleavage site in an important neutralizing protein of wild strain are linked with the potency of artificial active immunization and a major cause of vaccine failure.

关键词： Newcastle Disease Virus Haemagglutination Inhibition Polymerase Chain Reaction Phylogenetic Tree Mutation Analysis

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History,epidemiology,vaccine and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):a quick review

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Life Research 2021年第3期4卷 9-19页

作者： rabia Altaf Asra Iftikhar rabia haq Bushra Zahoor Muhammad Zaini Asmawi Mohamed Khadeer Ahamed Basheer Department of Pharmacy The Green International UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacy The University of FaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Family medicine Agha Khan University HospitalKarachiPakistan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia EMAN Research Ltd Level 3/81 Flushcombe RdBlacktown NSW 2148Australia

Coronavirus belonging to family Coronaviridae is a large group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal *** outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus has created panic in the whole world after being transmitted from Wuhan,China in December 2019.A large number of people are affected throughout the world that forced a solitary situation in the affected areas confining common people to their homes to prevent its *** receptors in humans for 2019-novel coronavirus are found to be same as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,the first human pandemic of 21st century,however,2019-novel coronavirus is highly contagious,virulent and mutable than the severe acute respiratory syndrome *** most attractive site for vaccine development against 2019-novel coronavirus is the spike glycoprotein which is crucial for receptor binding,membrane fusion via conformational changes,virus internalization,and host tissue tropism or spike inactivation through antibody induced *** outbreak was in December 2019,later on at the end of 2020,the mortality ratio decreased that created a sigh of temporary relief in the *** season was considered as one of the sources combating infection and preventing spread of ***,for the last few months,suddenly a huge outrage of new variants of coronavirus disease 2019 are capturing attention of the entire population of earth endangering lives of people irrespective of their ages and *** must focus on the inventions and discoveries of either preventive or therapeutic medicines that precisely target the spike proteins that enable the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2’s entry into a host *** this article,we have highlighted various vaccines being approved for emergency use by Federal Investigating Agency to combat the disastrous effects of pandemic on *** variants have created an alarming situation for the health care workers,resear

关键词： Pandemic Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 Social distance Respiratory illness Epitopes S-glycoprotein

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