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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel Signes-Soler Alfred ragot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa ra.l Montalbán llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDva)and visual acuity(va)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDval(0.20 logMAR)and/or a va with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESUlTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the luhya group(60.6%)followed by luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDva choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cilvalence was 1.26%of the total *** our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

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Phytochemical overview and medicinal importance of Coffea species from the past until now

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1101-1110页

作者： éva Brigitta Patay Tímea Bencsik Nóra Papp Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Pécs

Coffea(coffee) species are grown in almost all countries along the Equator. Many members of the genus have a large production history and an important role both in the global market and researches. Seeds(Coffeae semen) are successfully used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its caffeine and high polyphenol content. Nowadays, the three best-known coffee species are Arabic(Coffea arabica l.), Robusta(Coffea robusta l. linden), and liberian coffees(Coffea liberica Hier.). Even though, many records are available on coffee in scientific literature, wild coffee species like Bengal coffee(Coffea benghalensis Roxb. Ex Schult.) could offer many new opportunities and challenges for phytochemical and medical studies. In this comprehensive summary, we focused on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and medical significance of coffee species up to the present.

关键词： Phytochemistry Medicinal importance Caffeine Polyphenols

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Four buildings and a flush:lessons from degraded water quality and recommendations on building water management

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 104-113页

作者： Kyungyeon ra Caitlin Proctor Christian ley Danielle Angert Yoorae Noh Tolulope Odimayomi Andrew J.Whelton lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Colorado1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO80309USA Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas301E E Dean Keeton StreetAustinTX78712USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech750 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVA24061USA lyles School of Civil Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing,and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing *** investigate this,a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic,focusing on water quality in four institutional *** of these buildings were old(>58 years)and large(>19,000 m2),while the other two were new(>13 years)and small(led significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings,whereas usage remained unchanged in the large *** analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water ***,the pH,dissolved oxygen,total organic carbon,and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all ***,the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small ***(Cu),lead(Pb),and manganese(Mn)sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures,with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu l^(-1),45.4 mg Pb l^(-1),1.9 mg Mn l^(-1).Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings,but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building,no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of *** the pandemic,the building owner conducted fixture flushing,where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple ***,further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the *** the absence of this knowledge,building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Stagnation Drinking water quality Flushing

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Comparative phytochemical analysis of Coffea benghalensis Roxb. Ex Schult, Coffea arabica l. and Coffea liberica Hiern

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第8期11卷 480-485页

作者： éva Brigitta Patay ágnes Alberti Orsolya Csernák Szilvia Stranczinger Nóra Pap Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Pécs Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Semmelweis University Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pécs

Objective: To make phytochemical studies of the leaf, pericarp and seed of Coffea benghalensis(C. Benghalensis) compared with those of the widely known Coffea arabica and Coffea liberica. Methods: The sample extracts were prepared by Soxhlet-extraction. Polyphenol content was analyzed by HPlC-ESI-MS/MS, the identification was carried out based on the retention time, UV and mass spectra of standards and literature data of the detected compounds. Results: Phenolic acids like caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and coumaroylquinic acid, as well as mangiferin were detected as main constituents in all extracts. Procyanidin trimers were present exclusively in the leaves. In C. benghalensis, main constituents were 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 4-caffeoylquinic acid. Flavan-3-ols were described in all immature and mature pericarp and leaf extracts. Even though 4-feruloylquinic acid was described in both immature and mature seed, dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified only in the mature seed extracts. Mangiferin was present in the leaf, mature pericarp and seed. Conclusions: These analyses provide new chemotaxonomical data for the selected coffees, especially for C. benghalensis. Due to its high polyphenol content, our results indicate its significance of providing new data as a possible source for industry.

关键词： Coffee lC-MS Polyphenols Caffeoylquinic acids

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Antioxidant potential,tannin and polyphenol contents of seed and pericarp of three Coffea species

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第4期9卷 356-362页

作者： va Brigitta Patay Nikolett Sali Tams Kszegi Rita Csepregi Viktória lilla Blaz Tibor Sebastian Németh Tibor Németh Nóra Papp Institute of Pharmacognosy Medical SchoolUniversity of PcsRókus 2.PcsHungary7624 Department of laboratory Medicine Medical SchoolUniversity of PcsIfjúsg 13 PcsHungary76243 Jnos Szentgothai Research Center Ifjúsg 20 PcsHungary.76244 Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of Oradea

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity,total phenolic and total tannin content of the pericarp and the seed of Coffea benghalensis(***) and Coffea liberica compared to Coffea arabica(***).Methods:The antioxidant potential,total tannin and polyphenol contents of the immature and mature seed and pericarp of *** and Coffea liberica were quantified and compared to *** chemiluminescence(ECl).2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydruzyl(DPPH).oxygen radical absorbance capacity,Folin-Ciocaltcau method and total tannin content assays were ***:Trolox equivalent(TE/g plant material) values obtained by ECl and DPPH methods showed loose correlation(r^2=0.587)while those measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay were higher without correlation in each plant.A closer correlation was detected between the ECl method and the percentage antioxidant activity of the DPPH technique(r^2=0.610 7) in each species,however the immature pericarp of *** showed much higher DPPH scavenging potential than was seen in the ECl *** immature pericarp of *** expressed the highest tannin and polyphenol content,and a high polyphenol level was also detected in the immature seed of *** immature pericarp of Bengal and liberian coffees showed the largest amount of phenolic ***:The obtained data highlight the potential role of *** as a new source of natural antioxidants and polyphenols compared to ***.

关键词： Coffee 2,2-diphcnyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Enhanced chemiluminescence Folin-Ciocalteau Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Total tannin method

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Fecal microbiota transplantation from blueberry and blackberry anthocyanins-supplemented mice ameliorated metabolic syndrome by regulating gut microbiota in a high-fat diet model

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： lanlan Du Xiaoqin Ding Yan Chen Han Chen Han lü Yanan Gai Tunyu Jian Wenlong Wu Jian Chen Weilin li Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China， College of Forestry， Nanjing Forestry University Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources， Institute of Botany， Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences

Blueberry anthocyanins (va) and blackberry anthocyanins (ra) showed benefits on metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high-fat diet in mice. In this study， we investigated whether the therapeutic effects of va and ra were achieved by the gut microbiota regulation and whether these effects could be replicated through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using the high-fat diet caused MS model in pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mice. The results demonstrated that the beneficial effects of va and ra on MS， including reducing body weight gain and fat accumulation， improving glucose and lipid metabolism， and mitigating intestinal barrier damage， were attributed to the gut microbiota and could be replicated by FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis suggested that FMT from donor mice supplemented with va and ra could regulate the gut microbiota composition. Particularly， FMT from ra supplemented mice displayed the potential to restore the diversity of gut microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Meanwhile， FMT from va supplemented mice appeared to exert its effects by selectively influencing specific gut microbiota， such as the genus Akkermansia. Furthermore， our analysis identified 10 common differential ASVs among groups compared to HFD-HFD group. Notably， ASV＿36450 was negatively associated with metabolic parameters， suggesting that lactobacillus might be the potential bacteria in regulating MS. Overa.l， our study demonstrated that FMT from va and ra supplemented mice could ameliorate MS induced by high-fat diet in mice through regulating specific gut microbiota.

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Adjuvants Derived from <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Serogroup B Induce a Cross Reactive Response against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>in Mice

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Open Journal of Immunology 2020年第3期10卷 47-58页

作者： laura M. Reyes Miriam lastre Maribel Cuello Osmir Cabrera Yusnaby Borrego ra.l ramos Pupo Steve Black Oliver Pérez Department of Immunology Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón” Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana Havana Cuba Facultad de Ingenierías Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres” de Esmeraldas Esmeralda Ecuador Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED). Faculty of Medicine and life Sciences Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati USA

Introduction: Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize mucosal surfaces. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens, N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Both are obligate human pathogens;the last is causal agent of gonorrhea disease. Although cura.le with timely antibiotic treatment, an annual incidence of more than 62 million cases is estimated by the World Health Organization and there are no successful vaccines available. In contrast, several prophylactic vaccine options for Neisseria meningitidis meningitis do exist. Of note, there is trace of cross parenteral response induced between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae, and Proteoliposome (Pl, also named outer membrane vesicles, OMV) vaccine has shown high impact on this response. Objective: To determine effect of vaMENGOC-BC? and its derivates (AFPl1 and AFCo1) at mucosal and systemic level and possible cross response against Neisseria gonhorroeae in Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice. Methods: We evaluated cross response against N. gonorrhoeae in mouse serum IgG and saliva IgA after mucosal immunization with va-MENGOC-BC or its derivatives (AF, Adjuvant Finlay Pl1 or AFCo (cochleate) 1). Results: Immunizations with AFPl1 or AFCo1 induce anti N. gonorrhoeae at saliva IgA and serum IgG responses similar to va-MENGOC-BC? vaccine. Conclusions: Such data confirms a new possible window of prime-boost vaccination strategy against gonorrhea and extends our knowledge regarding the effect of Pl vaccines on cross responses.

关键词： N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae vaccine Cross Reactivity

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All-Trans Retinoic Acid counteract the apoptosis of PC12 injured by Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation via the rarasignaling pathway

All-Trans Retinoic Acid counteract the apoptosis of PC12 inj...

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中华医学会第十七次全国儿科学术大会

作者： xiaojian zhang (1,2),Qin Yu (1,2),Wei Jiang (1,2),long Chen (1,2),Yun Zhang (1,2),Min Gong (1,2),Xiaoqin Zhou (1,2),Man Zha ng (1,2),Wendi li (1,2),Youxue liu (1,2),Xiaoping Wei (1,2),Yang Bi (1,2,3),Jie Chen (1,2),Tingyu li (1,2) 1.Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Child Development and Disorders,Key laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing,CSTC2009CA5002,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorder,Children 2.Children nutrition research center,Children 3.Stem Cell Biology and Therapy laboratory.The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.Chongqing 400014,China PR

Vitamin A(va) is a very impotant micronutrient of brain *** active metabolic product Retinoic Acid(ra) plays a key role in the regulation the neural cells differentiation,axial symmetrical growth etc of the embryonic nervous system *** biological functions is achieved through the ra signaling *** pathway is a key regulator of neuronal growth, differentiation and learning and *** the rats were injured by hypoxia-ischemia brain

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The Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Exposures on Cognitive-Behavioral Dysfunction in long Evans rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第9期12卷 413-432页

作者： Emine B. Yalcin Büşra Nur Delikkaya William Pelit Ming Tong Suzanne M. De la Monte Sharon Rounds Division of Research Providence VA Medical Center Providence RI USA liver Research Center Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA Chemical Biology and English Brown University Providence RI USA Departments of Medicine Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence VA Medical Center Providence RI USA Departments of Medicine and Pathology and laboratory Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Vascular Research Laboratory Providence VA Medical Center Providence RI USA

Background and Objective: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function. Methods: A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female long Evans rats that were pair-fed with lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week. Results: Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.

关键词： Alcohol Cigarette Smoke Spatial learning Recognition Memory Anxiety White Matter rat

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Metasomatism-induced wehrlite formation in the upper mantle beneath the Nógrád-G?m?r Volcanic Field(Northern Pannonian Basin):Evidence from xenoliths

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 943-964页

作者： levente Patko Nora.liptai laszlo Elod Aradi Rita Klebesz Eszter Sendula Robert J.Bodnar Istvan Janos Kovacs Karoly Hidas Bernardo Cesare Attila Novak Balazs Trasy Csaba Szabo lithosphere Fluid Research lab Institute of Geography and Earth SciencesEotvos Lor and UniversityBudapestHungary Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre Institute for Nuclear ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesDebrecenHungary CCFS-GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Geodetic and Geophysical Institute Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesSopronHungary Fluids Research laboratory Department of GeosciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUnited States MTA CSFK lendület Pannon litH2Oscope Research Group Geodetic and Geophysical InstituteResearch Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesSopronHungary Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra CSIC&UGRArmillaGranadaSpain Department of Geosciences University of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Geology Eotvos Lorand UniversityBudapestHungary

Clinopyroxene-enriched upper mantle xenoliths classified as wehrlites are common(~20% of all xenoliths) in the central part of the Nograd-G(o| ")m(o|")r Volcanic Field(NGVF),situated in the northern margin of the Pannonian Basin in northern Hungary and southern *** this study,we thoroughly investigated 12 wehrlite xenoliths,two from each wehrlite-bearing occurrence,to determine the conditions of their *** textural features,including clinopyroxene-rich patches in an olivine-rich lithology,orthopyroxene remnants in the cores of newlyformed clinopyroxenes and vermicular spinel forms all suggest that wehrlites were formed as a result of intensive interaction between a metasomatic agent and the peridotite wall *** on the major and trace element geochemistry of the rock-forming minerals,significant enrichment in basaltic(Fe,Mn,Ti) and high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Hf,Zr) was observed,compared to compositions of common lherzolite *** presence of orthopyroxene remnants and geochemical trends in rock-forming minerals suggest that the metasomatic process ceased before complete wehrlitization was *** composition of the metasomatic agent is interpreted to be a mafic silicate melt,which was further confirmed by numerical modelling of trace elements using the plate *** model results also show that the melt/rock ratio played a key role in the degree of petrographic and geochemical *** lack of equilibrium and the conclusions drawn by using variable lherzolitic precursors in the model both suggest that wehrlitization was the last event that occurred shortly before xenolith entrainment in the host mafic *** suggest that the wehrlitization and the Plio-Pleistocene basaltic volcanism are related to the same magmatic event.

关键词： Wehrlite xenoliths Upper mantle metasomatism Mafic silicate melt Trace element modelling

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