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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel signes-soler Alfred ragot sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa ra.l Montalbán llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVAl(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).REsUlTs:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the luhya group(60.6%)followed by luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cils found in 0.21%(7/3343)of the *** VI prevalence was 1.26%of the total *** our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

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基于重复的美——ra.l sánchez访谈录

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室内设计与装修 2021年第11期 91-93页

作者： ra.l sánchez ra.l sánchez建筑事务所巴塞罗那Elisava设计学院

id+c:请简单介绍一下您自己以及您的教育背景?ra.l sánchez:我出生和成长在西班牙南部的一个小镇。在童年和青少年时期,我和建筑设计没有太大关系。实际上,学习建筑是一个很偶然的机会,所谓机缘巧合。我花了一段时间才意识到我在哪里... 详细信息

id+c:请简单介绍一下您自己以及您的教育背景?ra.l sánchez:我出生和成长在西班牙南部的一个小镇。在童年和青少年时期,我和建筑设计没有太大关系。实际上,学习建筑是一个很偶然的机会,所谓机缘巧合。我花了一段时间才意识到我在哪里,我想要什么,并理解建筑;但一旦投入其中,建筑就让我产生了一种非常强烈的激情,直到今天仍在增长。建筑是能让我真正感受和享受的东西。

关键词：建筑设计机缘巧合青少年时期访谈录西班牙

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金闪闪的生活玫瑰金公寓

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室内设计与装修 2024年第9期 46-50页

作者： [西班牙]ra.l sánchez JoséHevia(摄影) coco(编译) ra.l sánchez

玫瑰金公寓位于巴塞罗那,夹在En#sanche Derecho宽敞的内部庭院和Enric Granados街之间,面积为85m^(2)。原平面很方正,标准的公寓户型,只在入口处有一个很小的l形的入户庭院。设计师希望能充分利用这个入户庭院,将它与公寓最里面的阳台... 详细信息

玫瑰金公寓位于巴塞罗那,夹在En#sanche Derecho宽敞的内部庭院和Enric Granados街之间,面积为85m^(2)。原平面很方正,标准的公寓户型,只在入口处有一个很小的l形的入户庭院。设计师希望能充分利用这个入户庭院,将它与公寓最里面的阳台贯通,使空气对流。重新布局后的公寓,通道位于中心位置,连通阳台和入户庭院。从入户庭院开始,穿过两侧的卧室,到达宽敞的公共空间,包括一侧的客厅和另一侧的餐厅厨房。

关键词：空气对流巴塞罗那玫瑰金公寓公共空间庭院

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一湾浅浅的海水 POlONIO旗舰店

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室内设计与装修 2024年第11期 36-39页

作者： [西班牙]ra.l sánchez luis Asin(摄影) coco(编译) ra.l sánchez

Polonio是一个与“夏天”和“海滩”这些关键词紧密相连的新的服装品牌,几年前诞生于卡达克斯--加泰罗尼亚布拉瓦海岸的一个田园诗般的村庄,靠近萨尔瓦多达利的永久居住地。在卡达克斯发展了几年后,该品牌决定在伊比沙岛的中心步行区和... 详细信息

Polonio是一个与“夏天”和“海滩”这些关键词紧密相连的新的服装品牌,几年前诞生于卡达克斯--加泰罗尼亚布拉瓦海岸的一个田园诗般的村庄,靠近萨尔瓦多达利的永久居住地。在卡达克斯发展了几年后,该品牌决定在伊比沙岛的中心步行区和商业区开设一个新的门店。新店面积仅为60m^(2),分为上下3层:底层空间设有面向街道的通高空间,通高空间之后则是半下沉式的区域,夹层可通过商店后面的螺旋楼梯进入。

关键词：螺旋楼梯底层空间加泰罗尼亚服装品牌商业区门店旗舰店下沉式

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Chi-square automatic interaction detection(CHAID)analysis of the use of safety goggles and face masks as personal protective equipment(PPE)to protect against occupational biohazards

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2024年第2期6卷 125-133页

作者： ra.l Aguilar-Elena Juán JoséAgún-González Universidad Internacional de Valencia ValenciaSpain

Background:This study represents the first spanish investigation to rigorously evaluate compliance with the use of safety goggles and face masks as essential personal protective equipment(PPE)in companies with workplaces involving exposure to biological ***:This study aimed to examine the degree of use of face masks and safety goggles as personal protective equipment(PPE),the factors that influence their use,and the profile of workers exposed to occupational biological agents in spanish companies in the health sector,farming sector,meat industry,waste treatment plants,food industry,and veterinary ***:We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 590 spanish workers from 51 *** developed a 34-item questionnaire to assess workers’perception of risk related to exposure to biological agents in their *** the questions,three were designed to measure the degree of use of key protective equipment in sectors with biological agent exposure:protective gloves,safety goggles or face *** only analyzed safety goggles and face *** performed various statistical analyses,including Cronbach’s alpha,frequency of endorsement,content validity ratio using lawshe’s method,varimax rotation,the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test,and Bartlett’s sphericity test,to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the ***,we employed a chi-square automatic interaction detection(CHAID)segmentation analysis,using workers’responses regarding their attitudes toward safety goggles and face mask usage as PPE for protection against biological risks,with demographic variables as independent ***:In the current study,CHAID analysis revealed that workers exposed to group 2 biological agents used more safety goggles and face shields compared with workers exposed to other groups of biological ***,workers in laboratories and the food industry used face masks more than workers of other ***

关键词： PPE safety googles and breath mask CHAID Biological Agents Occupational Biosafety

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Photometric and spectroscopic study of Ten low Mass ratio Contact Binary systems:Orbital stability,O'Connell Effect and Infrared Calcium line Filling

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 212-222页

作者： surjit s.Wadhwa Adam Popowicz ra.l Michel Petar Kostić Oliver Vince Nick F.H.Tothill Ain Y.De Horta Miroslav D.Filipović school of science Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Electronics Electrical Engineering and MicroelectronicsSilesian University of TechnologyAkademicka 1644120 GliwicePoland Instituto de Astronomía UNAM.A.P.87722800 EnsenadaBCMéxico Astronomical Observatory Volgina 711060 BelgradeSerbia

low mass ratio contact binary systems are more likely to have unstable orbits and potentially *** addition,such systems exhibit characteristics such as starspots and high energy emissions(UV)suggestive of chromospheric and magnetic *** curve modeling of ten contact binary systems is *** were found to be of extreme low mass ratio ranging from 0.122 to 0.24 and three were found to be potentially unstable and possible merger *** of the infrared calcium absorption lines is a marker of increased chromospheric *** use the available large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber spectroscopic Telescope spectra along with matched standard spectra(broadened for rotation)to measure the excess filling of the central core depression flux of the two main infrared calcium absorption linesλ8542 andλ*** find that all reported contact binaries have excess filling of the core flux in the infrared calcium *** of the systems reported were also observed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer mission and we find that all three have features of excess ultraviolet emissions further adding evidence for increased chromospheric activity in low mass ratio contact *** of both orbital stability and absorption line filling is dependent on the determination of geometric and absolute parameters from light curve *** an insignificant number of contact binary light curves exhibit the O’Connell effect,usually attributed to *** discuss the inclusion of starspots in light curve solutions and how they influence the geometric and absolute parameters.

关键词： (stars)binaries eclipsing-techniques photometric-stars chromospheres

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Vegetation Response To soil And Morphological Properties In An Arid Region Alluvial Fan landscape. Pre-Andes Of san Juan， Argentina

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Journal of Earth science 2024年

作者： FlOREs Daniel Germán OCA?A ra.l Emmanuel MElIáN Edgardo ORTEG Andrés EsPER ANGIllIERI María Yanina PITTAlUGA María Alejandra CIGEOBIO (CONICET-UNsJ) Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli Gabinete de Geología Ambiental， INGEO， Universidad Nacional de san Juan， Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli

The Monte Desert is characterized by a great diversity of landforms created with fluvial， alluvial which the vegetation patterns are related to. The present work has the following objectives: 1: determine whether topographical attributes， surface characteristics， soil properties and vegetation patterns vary between alluvial landforms， and 2: define whether morphometric， soil and surface properties influence vegetation patterns along alluvial landscape. Morphometric data were obtained by processing a 5 m digital elevation model. The coverage of rock fragments， fine sediments and mulch was quantified. Observations and descriptions of the soil profiles were restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Vegetation properties were calculated using a Point Quadrat Method. The relationship between variables was evaluated through multivariate statistical analysis. The main results show the presence of 45 plant species distributed in 19 families， where shrubs are dominant. The wind effect， topographic wetness and dissection of the landscape are limiting factors of diversity. The coverage of superficial rock fragments influence vegetation coverage through the distribution and availability of rainwater. Furthermore， the different soil textures reveal that the silt content favors an increase in vegetation coverage. The presence of V horizon could condition the installation and development of vegetation in the early stages of growth.

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sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors protect tissues via cellular and mitochondrial pathways:Experimental and clinical evidence

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 46-52页

作者： ra.l lelio sanz sebastián García Menéndez Felipe Inserra.leon Ferder Walter Manucha Department of Pathology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Pharmacology Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de CuyoCentro Científico TecnológicoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Nephrology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina Department of Cardiology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and *** dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROs),which cause oxidative stress and *** II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROs *** activity of sirtuins(sIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative *** of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic *** sIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ***,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against *** cotransporter-2 inhibitors(sGlT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these *** clinical trials have shown that sGlT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the rate of cardiovascular and renal ***2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen *** findings suggest that sGlT2i hold great potential for the treatment of ***,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.

关键词： sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular diseases sirtuins Oxidative stress Inflammation Mitochondrial dysfunction

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Impacts of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis on the breeding success of a small host, the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： lorena Vanesa sovrano Evelina Jesica leon Rodrigo Ezequiel lorenzón Pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo Héctor Beltzer Alejandro ra.l Giraudo laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de Tetrapodos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the *** response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic ***,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola *** also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny *** results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized *** the total host eggs,54%were *** the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds *** two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water ***,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood parasitism host defenses nest desertion shiny cowbird small host.

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Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 19-33页

作者： lászló Orosz Károly Péter sárvári Áron Dernovics András Rosztóczy Klára Megyeri Department of Medical Microbiology University of SzegedSzeged 6720Csongrád-CsanádHungary Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of SzegedSzeged 6725Csongrád-CsanádHungary

The hepatitis E virus(HEV),a member of the Hepeviridae family,is a small,non-enveloped icosahedral virus divided into eight distinct genotypes(HEV-1 to HEV-8).Only genotypes 1 to 4 are known to cause diseases in *** 1 and 2 commonly spread via fecal-oral transmission,often through the consum-ption of contaminated *** 3 and 4 are known to infect pigs,deer,and wild boars,often transferring to humans through inadequately cooked *** hepatitis caused by HEV in healthy individuals is mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms,such as ***,in immunosup-pressed individuals,the disease can progress to chronic hepatitis and even escalate to *** pregnant women,an HEV infection can cause fulminant liver failure,with a potential mortality rate of 25%.Mortality rates also rise amongst cirrhotic patients when they contract an acute HEV infection,which can even trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure if layered onto pre-existing chronic liver *** the prevalence of HEV infection continues to rise worldwide,highlighting the particular risks associated with severe HEV infection is of major medical *** text offers a brief summary of the characteristics of hepatitis developed by patient groups at an elevated risk of severe HEV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Cirrhosis Acute-on-chronic liver failure Pregnancy Immune dysfunction Open reading frames 1-4

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