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Effectiveness of grassed Buffer in Reducing Spinosad Runoff: Real Data and FOCUS Output

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第3期11卷 169-195页

作者： Stefan Otto Simone gottardi Massimiliano Pasini Luca Menaballi rita Bradascio Olivier de Cirugeda Helle National Research Council Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) Agripolis Viale dell’Università 16 Legnaro (PD) Italy AgREA S.r.l. Centro Studi Via Garibaldi 5/16 San Giovanni Lupatoto (VR) Italy International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention Via G.B. Grassi Milano Italy Dow AgroSciences Italia Srl Viale F. Albani Milano Italy Dow AgroSciences LLC Indianapolis IN USA

In Italy high-quality vines are grown on sloping fields where pesticide runoff to surface water is possible and vegetated buffers are suggested as mitigation measure. Spinosad is an insecticide used to control pests in vineyards. For regulatory purposes, FOCUS modelling is used to calculate pesticides runoff reduction provided by a vegetated buffer, but there is an urgent need for field-based results. A field trial with artificial runoff was performed in September 2017 in Northern Italy to evaluate the efficiency of a grassed buffer to reduce spinosad runoff. Trial conditions were based on FOCUS scenarios but made worse to draw prudent conclusions. For the first time in Italy, the trial was conducted according to good Laboratory Practices to increase reliability of results and reproducibility of the study for regulatory purposes. Five plots were tested, each simulating a grassed buffer of 12 m length on a slope of 10% - 13%. The artificial runoff was 200 mm in 3 hours and rainfall pre- and during runoff was 45 mm. Results show that the 12 m buffer completely retained runoff and effectively mitigated runoff concentration, and mean reduction of spinosad concentration was 59%. A width effect exists, and every 6.5 m of buffer reduces concentration by 50%. Comparison of field results with FOCUS modelling shows that both VFSMod and LM models provide acceptable estimation of runoff reduction for a 5 m buffer, while LM seems more precise. For a 10 m buffer the VFSMod is very accurate, while LM underestimates reduction observed in the field.

关键词： FOCUS Modeling good Laboratory Practices Mitigation Runoff Vegetated Buffer Vineyards

采用联用技术测定中国海产品中砷的形态(英文)

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环境化学 2003年第3期22卷 215-222页

作者：韦超李卫华张超张新荣 VAN HULLE Marijn CORNELIS rita 清华大学化学系北京100084 LaboratoryofAnalyticalSciences GhentUniversityProeftuinstroat

A study was carried out to determine arsenic species in seafood samples collected from Chinese sea. The information about arsenic species in samples was provided by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HPLC ICP MS) and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES MS MS). The arsenic species in thirty Chinese edible seafoods, including algae, fish, crab, shrimp, mussels, oysters, and clams popularly ingested by Chinese people as regular foods, were examined in the present report. Arsenosugars were detected in all of the extracted algae samples (1 5—33 8μg·g -1 dry weight) and some shellfish samples (0 018—0 78μg·g -1 wet weight). Arsenobetaine was detected in all of the extracted fish and shellfish samples (0 025—6 604μg·g -1 wet weight). In contrast, inorganic arsenic was only present in the examined fish and shellfish samples, at levels less than 2% of the total arsenic. The study provides information about a possible distribution pattern of arsenic species in seafood products.

关键词：联用技术色谱质谱测定海产品砷形态分析

Sea Turtle Nesting: What Is Known and What Are the Challenges under a Changing Climate Scenario

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第1期12卷 1-35页

作者： Raquel A. M. São Miguel rita Anastácio Mário J. Pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal

The rate of climate change experienced globally in recent decades may compromise sea turtles’ survival;especially temperature increase, which is particularly fast, impacts life history characteristics, such as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), late maturity and sea turtles highly migratory nature. This review aims to identify and summarize the information that has been collected from 2009-2020 in order to aid future empirical studies that seek to fill these and other knowledge gaps, and subsequently assist conservationists in making multilevel decisions to protect sea turtle populations and species. In a summarized way the general knowledge acquired so far on the influence of environmental abiotic and biotic factors on nesting behaviour and hatching, emergence and survival successes of sea turtle hatchlings, was gathered. To accomplish this work, a search on Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI/PubMed, and google Scholar was carried out using the terms “sea turtles + climate change”. Published articles in the period 2009-2020 were selected, related to the nesting ecology of 5 species of sea turtles: Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Dermochelys coriacea, Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys olivacea. Emphasis was also placed on geographical information and on population location (e.g. climatic conditions during the nesting season). These articles (N = 126) were analysed giving relevance to researcher’s data interpretations, comparisons with other researches, and the reached conclusions. An attempt was made to represent all 5 species of sea turtles when selecting articles on each of the environmental factors that influence sea turtle nesting: temperature, humidity, nesting substrate, gases, depth of the nest, sea surface temperature (SST), nest location on the beach, nesting phenology and geographic distribution of nesting habitats. The interaction between these parameters and their consequences on the terrestr

关键词： Reproductive Ecology Sea Turtles Climate Change Nesting Phenology and geographic Distribution of Nesting Habitats

Bacterial Community Associated with Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Cultures of Medicinal Plant Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1382-1389页

作者： rita M. Moraes Itamar S. Melo Joko Sumyanto Suman Chandra Vaishali Joshi 1National Center for Natural Products Research Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Mississippi University Oxford USA Center of Water and Wetland Resources The University of Mississippi Field Station Abbeville USA EMBRAPA/Environment Rodovia SP 340 - Km 127.5 Caixa Postal 69 CEP Jaguariúna SP Brazil National Center for Natural Products Research Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Mississippi University Oxford USA

Several unfruitful attempts to grow axenic shoot cultures of Smallanthus sonchifolius, also known as yacon, were made before healthy shoots grew in association with bacteria on half strength Murashigue and Skoog media supplemented with 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine. Twenty-one bacterial isolates were obtained from in vitro S. sonchifolius plantlets, eight of these isolates were identified as Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Curtobacterium pusillum, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Microbacterium imperiale. These microorganisms produced indole acetic acid (IAA) at amounts varying between 8.89 to 47.45 μg/mL, reason for being classified as plant growth promoting bacteria (PgPB). The results show that buds associated with bacteria cultured on sucrose free media produced 3.77 new roots measuring 18.33 cm in length after a 30-day growing period. In contrast, buds growing on sucrose supplemented media, the number of roots induced was higher (6.67 to 14 roots/explant) but shorter in length, 4.67 to 5.83 cm. During plant acclimatization to soil, photosynthesis and water efficiency were measured showing that the plants were healthy and vigorous. A slightly higher rate of photosynthesis and water use efficiency was recorded in the plants produced on heterotrophic conditions as compared to plants grown in sucrose free media. Plants adapted well in the soil demonstrating that the PgPB community associated to S. sonchifolius in shoot cultures was not harmful to plant production. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the bacteria associated with in vitro S. sonchifolius shoot cultures was not the result of microbial contamination, but rather from symbiotic associations that extended from cultivation in the greenhouse, to culture and back to soil. This is the first report to show that autotrophic cultures may represent a viable alternative to grow healthy plants without eliminating beneficial bacteria associated with the host.

关键词： Micropropagation Endophytes Yacon IAA Bacteria

Effect of proteases on water-soluble and fat-soluble aroma precursors of goat visceras protein hydrolysate

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 975-985页

作者： Ana rita Ribeiro de Araújo Cordeiro Lorena Lucena de Medeiros Lary de Souza Olegário Leila Moreira de Carvalho Taliana Kenia Alencar Bezerra Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco Mércia de Sousa galvão Marta Suely Madruga Post graduate Program in Food Science and Technology Department of Food EngineeringTechnology CentreFederal University of ParaibaCampus I58051-900João PessoaParaíbaBrazil Food Technology Institute (ITAL).Science and Food Quality Center 13070-179CampinasSão PauloBrazil

This study investigated the action of proteolytic enzymes in the production of goat viscera hydrolysates,and their flavoring *** study focus the production of flavor precursor molecules and the formation of volatile compounds resulting from four hydrolysis treatments:HA-Alcalase®,HF-Flavourzyme®,HN-Neutrase®,and HFN-Flavourzyme® and Neutrase®.The highest degree of hydrolysis (26.74%),number (23 volatiles) and concentration of volatile compounds (274.0 μg/L) were obtained with the action of *** main classes of volatile compounds identified in hydrolysates included acids,aldehydes,pyrazines,terpenes and Streacker *** acids,sugars and fatty acids were identified with higher concentrations in HF and HFN hydrolysates due to the low participation of these precursors in the formation of volatile ***,the use of Alcalase in the proteolysis of goat viscera stood out compared to other enzymes,providing impacting aroma compounds,such as pyrazines,for meat flavor.

关键词： Aroma precursors Flavoring goat byproducts Proteases Enzymatic hydrolysates Volatile compounds

Search for Molecular Markers of Wheat Resistance to Fungal Pathogens

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第8期5卷 722-729页

作者： Liubov g. Yarullina Svetlana V. Veselova Rinat I. Ibragimov Irina A. Shpirnaya rita I. Kasimova Albina R. Akhatova Vyacheslav O. Tsvetkov Igor V. Maksimov Bashkir State University Ufa Russia Institute of Biochemistry and genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia

Functional traits, potentially associated with resistance to infection, were investigated in cultivars of bread wheat. Plant responses to infection by hemibiotrophic fungus Stagonospora (Septoria) nodorum were studied under laboratory conditions. Infection-induced up-regulation of genes coding for class III peroxidase, oxalate oxidase and protease inhibitor was greater in leaves with reduced disease symptoms (percentage of chlorotic or necrotic leaf area). Similar association was detected between activity of pectinase inhibitors and disease severity. Resistant cultivar also differed from the susceptible one by increased content of Н2О2 in infected tissues and more intensive deposition of lignin. We discuss possibility of using these functional traits in plant breeding for increased stress tolerance.

关键词： Infection Peroxidase Oxalate Oxidase Protease Inhibitor Pectinase Inhibitor PR-gene Expression Н2О2 Lignin Wheat

The Biotechnological and Seafood Potential of Stichopus regalis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 194-204页

作者： rita Santos Simaura Dias Susete Pinteus Joana Silva Celso Alves Carla Tecelao Ana Pombo Rui Pedrosa Department of geography Environment and Earth Sciences(GEES)Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HullHullUK MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ESTMPolytechnic Institute of LeiriaPenichePortugal Linking Landscape EnvironmentAgriculture and Food Research Unit(LEAF)Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversity of LisbonTapada da AjudaLisbonPortugal

Sea cucumbers are highly used not only for the production of the bêche-de-mer, but also recent studies have been showing the high potential of these marine invertebrates on the pharmaceutical industry, as they are rich in bioactive compounds with important functions. Stichopus regalis extracts (1 mg·mL-1) were used in antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor assays. The lipid profile was also evaluated. No significant antioxidant activity was detected in both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans with an IC50 of 475.4 μg·mL-1. In the antitumor assays, the dichloromethane fraction showed a high potential for both cell lines, as revealed by the MTT method. The total fat content was 3.63% ± 0.11% and the fatty acid profile revealed the highest amount in C16:0 (9.43% ± 0.77%), C18:0 (12.43% ± 0.83%), C18:1 ω7 (5.63% ± 0.33%), EPA (12.49% ± 0.15%), DHA (7.35% ± 0.02%), ARA (19.29% ± 0.14%) and a ω3/ω6 ratio of 1.078. These findings led us to suggest the potential use of S. regalis as a new source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential and its nutritional benefits for human health.

关键词： Sea Cucumber Antimicrobial Activity Antitumor Activity Marine Natural Compounds Fatty Acid Profile

Declining Rate of Operative Vaginal Deliveries in Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and gynecology 2018年第3期8卷 175-184页

作者： Okechukwu Bonaventure Anozie Lawani Lucky Osaheni Fidelis A. Onu Robinson Chukwudi Onoh Emeka Onwe Ogah Justus N. Eze Johnbosco E. Mamah Obiora g. Asiegbu rita O. Anozie Department of Obstetrics & gynaecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Obstetrics & gynaecology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Radiology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: The application of invasive obstetric procedures has an end point of reducing the Caesarean section rate. The declining rate of use of these procedures is one of the reasons for increasing Caesarean section rates in our environment. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the practice of operative vaginal deliveries among obstetricians practicing in Nigeria and to evaluate the reasons for non-use of these procedures. Methodology: It was a questionnaire based study. The questionnaires were administered to practitioners of Obstetrics in the various centres in Nigeria. Data was collated and analyzed with Epi-Info statistical software version 7.0 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA), and conclusions were drawn by means of descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1200 questionnaire were distributed but 1104 were returned and used for analysis. This gave a response rate of 92%. The age distribution of the respondents showed that the 20 - 30 year age group had the least number of respondents 22 (2%) while 41 - 50 age group had the highest number of respondents 486 (4%). The majority of the respondents were males 839 (76%). In terms of duration of practice, 449 (40.7%) of the respondents had more than 6 years duration of practice while 256 (23.2) had practiced for less than 3 years. Tertiary centres had highest number of respondents 71.8%. The distribution of the respondents according to the geopolitical zones in Nigeria are;South-East (57.6%), South-South (19.6%), South West (11.4%), North-West (4.9%), North-East (3.8%), North-Central (2.7%). The practice of these procedures among respondents were: External cephalic version (68.0%), Symphysiotomy (41.7), Forceps delivery (68.8%), Destructive delivery (60.1%), Vaginal breech delivery (85.5%), Vacuum extraction (84.8%). Reasons for the non-use included: Risk of perinatal/maternal morbidity and mortality greater than benefit (25.7%), Lack of equipment (22.4%), Lack of skills (16.6%), Declin

关键词： Invasive Obstetric Procedures Decline Nigeria

Effect of Processing Method on Carotenoid Profiles of Oils from Three Varieties of Nigerian Palm Oil (Elaise guinensis)

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2021年第3期12卷 23-31页

作者： Sunday Onyekwere Eze Joshua Nkechukwu Orji Victor Uchenna Okechukwu Daniel Omeodisemi Omokpariola Theresa Chisom Umeh Nwanneamaka rita Oze Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

This study assessed the effect of processing method on the carotenoid profile of oil from three varieties of Nigerian oil palm fruits (Elaise guinensis). Specific varieties of the Elaise guinensis, which are the dura, pesifera and tenera were obtained from National Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) in Edo state, Nigeria. The samples were divided into two and processed using two different methods as commonly practiced in south-eastern Nigeria, the hot and cold processes. The oil extracted from each of the processes was then analyzed for oil characteristics using standard analytical methods while the carotenoid profile was analyzed using HPLC C-21 column. The results generated were subjected to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of carotenoid constituent identified include: lutein, neurosporene (trans), neurosporene (cis), α-Zeacarotene(cis), α-Zeacarotene(trans), phytoene, phytofluene, β-zeacarotene, 13 and 13’ cis α-carotene, 13 cis β-carotene, trans α-carotene, 9 cis α-carotene, trans β-carotene, αcarotene a(cis), α-carotene b(cis), α-carotene (trans), γ-carotene (trans), γ-carotene b(cis), lycopene (cis) and lycopene (trans). The results of physicochemical characteristics of the oil samples extracted range from 0.922 ± 0.004 - 0.916 ± 0.001 for specific gravity (Sg), 8.10 ± 0.17 - 4.88 ± 0.04 mg KOH/g for acid value, 4.29% ± 0.02% - 2.44% ± 0.02% for free fatty acid value (FFA), 6.00 ± 0.21 to 204.67 ± 0.98 mgKOH/g for saponification value and 9.53 ± 0.23 - 5.25 ± 0.33 mEq/kg;for peroxide value while the carotenoids values were between 53.735 ± 0.10 and 123.389 ± 0.20 mg/100g. From the result, we can observe that the main constituent of the palm oil carotenoid is the β-carotene which makes up to about 80% of the total carotene. Statistical analysis revealed that no significant difference exists between the mean of each of the processing methods on the carotenoid profile of the oil sample analyzed.

关键词： Elaise guinensis Carotenoid Acid Value Free Fatty Acids β-Carotene Palm Oil Nigeria