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Three-dimensional fracture of UO2 ceramic pellets by phase field modeling

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 169-180页

作者： Wei Xiong Xuan ye Hongzhang Cheng Xiaoming Liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University state Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Engineering science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fracture is the primary failure type for the UO2ceramic pellets,which are operated under irradiation and thermal processes,and physically confined by the *** this work,by combining closely coupled physical processes of heat conduction,heat transfer,and mechanical deformation with the cohesive phase field framework,we proposed a high-precision modeling of quasistatic cracking of three-dimensional （3D） UO2ceramic fuel pellets under high temperature and *** simulation r.s.lts agree well with the experimental r.s.lts,indicating that the proposed method has the potential to capture 3D crack modes in the inter.s.ed time ***,we studied the relation of the 3D fracture patter.s.of fuel pellets with the peak power *** was found that the power level plays a critical role in determining the competition between radial and circumferential cracks,as well as transverse penetrating cracks.

关键词： phase field method nuclear fuel pellet coupled thermo-mechanical model thermal fracture

Pr.s.ian Blue Analogue‑Templated Nanocomposites for Alkali‑Ion Batteries:Progr.s. and Perspective

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 216-261页

作者： Jian‑En Zhou Yilin Li Xiaoming Lin Jiaye ye Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistrySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China school of Chemistry and Physics Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Centre for Materials science Queensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion batteries(AIBs)including sodium-ion batteries(sIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Owing to larger ion sizes of Na^(+)and K^(+)compared with Li^(+),nanocomposites with excellent cr.s.allinity orientation and well-developed por.s.ty show unprecedented potential for advanced lithium/sodium/potassium *** enticing open rigid framework structur.s.Pr.s.ian blue analogues(PBAs)remain promising self-sacrificial templates for the preparation of various nanocomposites,whose appeal originates from the well-retained porous structur.s.and exceptional electrochemical activities after thermal *** review focuses on the recent progr.s. of PBA-derived nanocomposites from their fabrication,lithium/sodium/potassium storage mechanism,and applications in AIBs(LIBs,sIBs,and PIBs).To distinguish various PBA derivatives,the working mechanism and applications of PBA-templated metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,metal phosphides,and other nanocomposites are systematically evaluated,facilitating the establishment of a structure–activity correlation for these *** on the fruitful achievements of PBA-derived nanocomposites,perspectives for their future development are envisioned,aiming to narrow down the gap between laboratory study and industrial reality.

关键词： Pr.s.ian blue analogues self-sacrificial template Lithium-ion batteries sodium-ion batteries Potassium-ion batteries

Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural regeneration r.s.arch 2025年第4期20卷 960-972页

作者： Kedong Zhu Hualong Wang Keqiang ye Guiqin Chen Zhaohui Zhang Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityBrain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Heibei ProvinceShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Faculty of Life and Health sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal *** profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic *** amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progr.s.ion in animal models of Alzheimer.s.disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of *** findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative *** a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer.s.disease axon guidance colorectal cancer Netrin-1 receptors Netrin-1 signaling pathways Netrin-1 neurodegenerative diseases neuron survival Parkinson’s disease UNC5C

real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of vonoprazanamoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori treatment in elderly patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 68-78页

作者： Wen Gao Jing-Wen Li Hui ye Xue-Zhi Zhang Jian-Xiang Liu Hong Cheng Department of Gastroenterology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China school of Medicine Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100034China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integrative Medicine Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

BACKGrOUND A dual therapy regimen containing amoxicillin is a common treatment option for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(***).While substantial r.s.arch suppor.s.the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin(VA)dual therapy in the general population,there is still a lack of studies specifically focusing on its safety in elderly *** To evaluate efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy as first-line or r.s.ue treatment for *** in elderly *** As a real-world retr.s.ective study,data were collected from elderly patients aged 60 years and above who accepted VA dual therapy(vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily+amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice daily for 14 days)for *** eradication in the Department of Gastroenterology at Peking University First Hospital between June 2020 and January *** status was evaluated by^(13)C-urease breath test 6 weeks after *** adverse events(AEs)during treatment were *** In total,401 cases were ***-one cases were excluded due to loss to follow-up,lack of re-examination,or unwillingness to take *** total of 380 included cases compr.s.d 250 who received VA dual therapy as first-line treatment and 130 who received VA dual therapy as r.s.ue *** was successfully eradicated in 239 cases(95.6%)in the first-line treatment group and 116 cases(89.2%)in the r.s.ue treatment *** overall incidence of AEs was 9.5%for both ***,9.2%of patients experienced an AE in the first-line treatment group and 10.0%in the r.s.ue treatment *** patients discontinued treatment due to AE,with a discontinuation rate of 1.3%.No serious AE *** The VA dual therapy regimen as a first-line treatment and a r.s.ue therapy was effective and safe for elderly patients aged 60 and older.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Vonoprazan Amoxicillin Dual therapy Elderly

Perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets reduce microglial activation through metabolic reprogramming

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Neural regeneration r.s.arch 2025年第4期20卷 1178-1191页

作者： Wanxian Luo Chuanhui Xu Linxi Li Yunxiang Ji yezhong Wang Yingjia Li Yongyi ye Department of Medicine Ultr.s.nics Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Neur.s.ience Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Microglia,the primary immune cells within the brain,have gained recognition as a promising therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases within the central nervous system,including Parkinson’s *** perfluorocarbon droplets have been reported to not only possess a high oxygen-carrying capacity,but also exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory ***,the role of perfluoropentane in microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions remains poorly *** this study,we developed perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets(PFP-OLNDs)and found that pretreatment with these droplets suppr.s.ed the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1-type microglia in vitro and in vivo,and suppr.s.ed microglial activation in a mouse model of Parkinson’s *** suppr.s.ion led to a reduction in the inflammatory r.s.onse,oxidative str.s.,and cell migration capacity in ***,the neurotoxic effects were mitigated,which alleviated neuronal ***,ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PFP-OLNDs mainly r.s.lted from the modulation of microglial metabolic *** further.s.owed that PFP-OLNDs regulated microglial metabolic reprogramming through the AKT-mTOr-HIF-1α***,our findings suggest that the novel PFP-OLNDs constructed in this study alleviate microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions through metabolic reprogramming.

关键词： metabolic reprogramming microglia microglial migration nanotherapy neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation oxygen-loaded nanodroplets Parkinson’s disease perfluoropentane ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Overexpr.s.ion of low-density lipoprotein receptor prevents neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes via inhibiting NLrP3 inflammasome activation in experimental ischemic stroke

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Neural regeneration r.s.arch 2025年第2期20卷 491-502页

作者： shuai Feng Juanji Li Tingting Liu shiqi Huang Xiangliang Chen shen Liu Junshan Zhou Hongdong Zhao ye Hong Department of Neurology Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Jinling HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion ***-density lipoprotein receptor,a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor,has been found to inhibit NLr family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLrP3)inflammasome activation in neurons following ischemic stroke and to suppr.s. the activation of microglia and astrocytes in individuals with Alzheimer.s.***,little is known about the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor on astrocytic activation in ischemic *** addr.s. this issue in the pr.s.nt study,we examined the mechanisms by which low-density lipoprotein receptor regulates astrocytic polarization in ischemic stroke ***,we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor expr.s.ion in astrocytes via immunofluor.s.ence staining and western blotting *** observed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor following middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/***,we induced the astrocyte-specific overexpr.s.ion of low-density lipoprotein receptor using astrocyte-specific adeno-associated ***-density lipoprotein receptor overexpr.s.ion in astrocytes improved neurological outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reversed neurotoxic astrocytes to create a neuroprotective ***,we found that the overexpr.s.ion of low-density lipoprotein receptor inhibited NLrP3 inflammasome activation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injured astrocytes and that the addition of nigericin,an NLrP3 agonist,r.s.ored the neurotoxic astrocyte *** findings suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor could inhibit the NLrP3-meidiated neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes and that increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor in astrocytes might repr.s.nt a novel strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.

关键词： inflammation ischemia/reperfusion injury ischemic stroke low-density lipoprotein receptor neuroprotective astrocytes neurotoxic astrocytes NLrP3 inflammasome polarization

Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

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Neural regeneration r.s.arch 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi ye runqing Liu Hangxing Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen Jin Nan Wang Huiqi sun Luqian Feng Hua Yang The Clinical Medical College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina school of Medical Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Division of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The second Clinical Medical College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Department of Neur.s.rgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requir.s.additional *** this review,the origin and r.s.arch progr.s. of sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative str.s.,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and *** therapeutic avenues related to sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating sirtuins expr.s.ion and affecting repr.s.ntative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative str.s. mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box *** review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as rNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other r.s. *** sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of sirtuinstargeting drug ***,this review provides new insights into the role of sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood-brain barrier dietary supplements drug hormones inflammation neuroprotection oxidative str.s. prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury r.s. factors rNA therapeutics

An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： shuai Xu Youdi Zhang Yanna sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao Ning Li Long ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for.s.ience of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer.s.ience and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China state Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices state Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China state Key Laboratory of silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OsCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OsCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

The complex roles of m^(6)A modifications in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal and implications for memory and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural regeneration r.s.arch 2025年第6期20卷 1582-1598页

作者： Yanxi Li Jing Xue Yuejia Ma Ke ye Xue Zhao Fangliang Ge Feifei Zheng Lulu Liu Xu Gao Dayong Wang Qing Xia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Basic Medical SciencesHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina College of Basic Medical sciences Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Basic Medical Institute Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Translational Medicine r.s.arch and Cooperation Center of Northern China Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina

N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A), the most prevalent and conserved rNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mrNA metabolism. mrNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis and neural regeneration, where it is highly concentrated and actively involved in these processes. Changes in m^(6)A modification levels and the expr.s.ion levels of related enzymatic proteins can lead to neurological dysfunction and contribute to the development of neurological diseases. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as nerve regeneration, are intimately linked to memory function and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper pr.s.nts a comprehensive review of the roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases. m^(6)A has demonstrated divergent effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These observed contradictions may ar.s. from the time-specific nature of m^(6)A and its differential impact on neural stem cells acr.s. various stages of development. similarly, the diverse effects of m^(6)A on distinct types of memory could be attributed to the involvement of specific brain regions in memory formation and recall. Inconsistencies in m^(6)A levels acr.s. different models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer.s.disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest that these disparities are linked to variations in the affected brain regions. Notably, the opposing changes in m^(6)A levels observed in Parkinson's disease models exposed to manganese compared to normal Parkinson's disease models further underscore the complexity of m^(6)A's role in neurodegenerative processes. The roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, and its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases, appear contradictory. These inconsistencies may be a

关键词： Alzheimer.s.disease cell self-renewal central nervous system memory microglia nerve regeneration neurodegenerative diseases neurogenesis rNA methylation