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Measurements of dihadron correlations relative to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 198-241页

作者： H.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed A.V.Alakhverdyants I.Alekseev J.Alford B.D.Anderson C.D.Anson D.Arkhipkin G.S.Averichev J.Balewski D.r.Beavis N.K.Behera r.Bellwied M.J.Betancourt r.r.betts A.Bhasin A.K.Bhat H.Bichsel J.Bieleik J.Bielcikova B.Biritz L.C.Bland W.Borowski J.Bouchet E.Braidot A.V.Brandin A.Bridgeman S.G.Brovko E.Bruna S.Bueltmann I.Bunzarov T.P.Burton X.Z.Cai H.Caines M.Calderon de la Barca Sanchez D.Cebra r.Cendejas M.C.Cervantes Z.Chajecki P.Chaloupka S.Chattopadhyay H.F.Chen J.H.Chen J.Y.Chen L.Chen J.Cheng M.Cherney A.Chikanian K.E.Choi W.Christie P.Chung M.J.M.Codrington r.Corliss J.G.Cramer H.J.Crawford S.Dash A.Davila Leyva L.C.De Silvat r.r.Debbe T.G.Dedovich A.A.Derevschikov r.Derradi de Souza L.Didenko P.Djawotho S.M.Dogra X.Dong J.L.Drachenberg J.E.Draper J.C.Dunlop L.G Efimov M.Elnim J.Engelage G Eppley M.Estienne L.Eun O.Evdokimov r.Fatemi J.Fedorisin A.Feng r.G.Fersch P.Filip E.Finch V.Fine Y.Fisyak C.A.Gagliardi D.r.Gangadharan A.Geromitsos F.Geurts P.Ghosh Y.N.Gorbunov A.Gordon O.Grebenyuk D.Grosnick S.M.Guertin A.Gupta W.Guryn B.Haag O.Hajkova A.Hamed L-X.Han J.W.Harris J.P.Hays-Wehle M.Heinz S.Heppelmann A.Hirsch E.Hjort G.W.Hoffmann D.J.Hofiman B.Huang H.Z.Huang T.J.Humanic L.Huo G.Igo P.Jacobs W.W.Jacobs C.Jena F.Jin J.Joseph E.G.Judd S.Kabana K.Kang J.Kapitan K.Kauder H.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan D.Kettler D.P.Kikola J.Kiryluk A.Kisiel V.Kizka A.G.Knospe D.D.Koetke T.Kollegger J.Konzer I.Koralt L.Koroleva W.Korsch L.Kotchenda V.Kouchpil P.Kravtsov K.Krueger M.Krus L.Kumar P.Kurnadi M.A.C.Lamont J.M.Landgraf S.LaPointe J.Lauret A.Lebedev r.Lednicky J.H.Lee W.Leight M.J.LeVine C.Lil L.Li N.Li W.Li X.Li X.Li Y.Li Z.M.Li M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu J.Liu T.Ljubicic W.J.Llope r.S.Longacre W.A.Love Y.Lu E.V.Lukashov X.Luo G.L.Ma Y.G.Mai D.P.Mahapatra r.Majka O.I.Mall L.K.Mangotra r.Manweiler S.Margetis C.Markert H.Masui H.S.Matis Yu.A.Matulenko D.MeDonald T.S.McShane A.Meschanin r.Milner N.G.Minaev S.Mioduszewski A.Mischke M.K.Mitrovski B.Mohanty M.M.Mondal B.Morozov D.A.Morozov M.G.Munhoz M Argonne National Laboratory Argonnellinois 60439USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA University of Califomia BerkeleyCaliformnia 94720USA University of California DavisCalifornia 95616USA University of Califormnia Los AngelesCalifomia 90095USA Universidade Estadual de Campinas Sao PauloBrazil University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIlinois 60607USA Creighton University OmahaNebraska 68178USA Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague11519Czech Republic Nuclear Physics Institute AS Cr 25068 Rez/PragueCzech Republic University of Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar 751005India Indian Institute of Technology MumbaiIndia Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47408USA Alikhanov Instiute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics MoscowRussia University of Jammu Jammu 180001India Joint Institute for Nuclear research Dubna141980Russia Kent State University KentOhio 44242USA University of Kentucky LexingtonKentucky40506-0055USA Institute of Modern Physics LanzhouChina Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139-4307USA Mx-Planck-Institut fir Physik MunichGermany Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824USA Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow Russia NIKHEF and Utrecht University AmsterdamThe Netherlands Ohio State University ColumbusOhio 43210USA Old Dominion University NorfolkVA23529USA Panjab University Chandigarh 160014India PennsyIvania State University University ParkPennsylvania 16802USA Institute of High Energy Physics ProtvinoRussia Purdue University West LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Pusan National University PusanRepublic of Korea University of rajasthan Jaipur 302004India rice University HoustonTexas 77251USA Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao PauloBrazil University of Science&Technology of China Hefei 230026.China Shandong University JinanShandong 250100China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Shanghai 201800Chi

Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at rHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,*** measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au *** modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching *** paper reports STAr measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle *** subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are *** correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow *** away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger *** near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately *** correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from *** is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak *** dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open *** with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure

关键词： relativistic heavy ion collisions dihadron correlations jet-medium interactions anisotropic flow background event plane

Unwrapping reworked crust at the Columbia supercontinent margin within central southern Amazon Craton using multi-source geophysics and geochronology data synergy

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 35-52页

作者： João G.Motta P.G.betts V.T.Meira V.G.Trevisan C.r.de Souza Filho Institute of Geosciences University of CampinasCampinasSão PauloBrazil Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwallUnited Kingdom School of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash University(Clayton Campus)ClaytonVICAustralia Anglo American Níquel Brasil Ltda. Avenida Interlândia502 QD 87LST 68 e 10GoiâniaGoiásBrazil

The geometry and evolution of pre-existing basement in accretionary belts bordering supercontinents are often *** interpretation of long-wavelength potential field satellite data can image deep crust structure,improving our understanding of lithospheric processes that formed these margins ***,we present a multidisciplinary interpretation of the lithospheric architecture of the central southern Amazon Craton,a fragment of an accretionary belt at the southwestern Columbia supercontinent ***-borne gravity and magnetic data,airborne magnetic data,passive seismic(V_(p)/V_(s) ratio,crustal thickness)and seismic tomography data reveals that basement terranes from the interior of the craton extend into the accretionary margin of *** demonstrate a vertically heterogeneous structure with an underlying strongly reworked pre-Columbia tectonic wedge that sustained prolonged modification during the supercontinent assembly as corroborated by Nd isotope and geochronology *** isotope data suggest that the protracted orogenic wedge was influenced by subduction angle shifts over time,including addition of substantial juvenile material during slab retreat *** interplay promoted Craton growth at the supercontinent margin while keeping a subtle record of the pre-existing *** findings point to the possible misrepresentation of basement extension and geometry of supercontinent margins elsewhere.

关键词： Satellite gravity Satellite magnetics Columbia Accretionary belt Amazon Craton Geochronology

Safe acupuncture and dry needling during pregnancy:New Zealand physiotherapists' opinion and practice

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 30-37页

作者： Jillian Marie McDowell Susan Heather Kohut Debra betts Prohealth Physiotherapy School of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Auckland University of Technology New Zealand School of Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early *** recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety ***: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during ***: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK ***: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.

关键词： Physiotherapy Acupuncture Dry needling Safety Pregnancy Trigger point therapy

First report on Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County, Eastern Yunnan, China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1459-1476页

作者： Feiyang Chen Zhifei Zhang Marissa J. betts Zhiliang Zhang Fan Liu State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Division of Earth Sciences School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian ***,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils *** Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and *** date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential *** we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype *** retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of *** addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after *** discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.

关键词： Guanshan Biota Early Cambrian Xiaojiang Fault Eastern Yunnan Palaeoenvironment Palaeogeography

Geodynamics of oceanic plateau and plume head accretion and their role in Phanerozoic orogenic systems of China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 49-59页

作者： Peter G.betts Louis Moresi Meghan S.Miller David Willis School of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityClayton Campus School of Mathematical Sciences Monash UniversityClayton Campus Department of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

We present three 3D numerical models of deep subduction where buoyant material from an oceanic plateau and a plume interact with the overriding plate to assess the influence on subduction dynamics, trench geometry, and mechanisms for plateau accretion and continental growth. Transient instabilities of the convergent margin are produced, resulting in： contorted trench geometry; trench migration parallel with the plate margin; folding of the subducting slab and orocline development at the convergent margin; and transfer of the plateau to the overriding plate. The presence of plume material beneath the oceanic plateau causes fiat subduction above the plume, resulting in a ＂bowed＂ shaped subducting slab. In plateau-only models, plateau accretion at the edge of the overriding plate results in trench migration around the edge of the plateau before subduction is re-established directly behind the trailing edge of the plateau. The plateau shortens and some plateau material subducts. The presence of buoyant plume material beneath the oceanic plateau has a profound influence on the behaviour of the convergent margin. In the plateau ~ plume model, plateau accretion causes rapid trench advance. Plate convergence is accommodated by shearing at the base of the plateau and shortening in the overriding plate. The trench migrates around the edge of the plateau and subduction is re-established well behind the trailing edge of the plateau, effectively embedding the plateau into the overriding plate. A slab window forms beneath the accreted plateau and plume material is transferred from the subducting plate to the over- riding plate through the window. In all of the models, the subduction zone maintains a relatively stable configuration away from the buoyancy anomalies within the downgoing plate. The models provide a dynamic context for plateau and plume accretion in Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic systems such as the East China Orogen and the Central Asian Orogen （Altiads）, which ar

关键词： Subduction Accretion Plateau Plume Central Asian Orogen Geodynamics

Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in china under future global warming scenarios of 1.5℃ and 2℃

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 804-814页

作者： Zhaoqi Wang Jinfeng Chang Shushi Peng Shilong Piao Philippe Ciais richard betts Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44PSUK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK

Aims the impacts of future global warming of 1.5℃ and 2℃ on the productivity and carbon(c)storage of grasslands in china are not clear yet,although grasslands in china support~45 million agricultural populations and more than 238 million livestock populations,and are sensitive to global *** this study used a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model named OrcHIDEE to simulate c cycle of alpine meadows and temperate grasslands in *** model was driven by high-resolution(0.5°×0.5°)climate of global specific warming levels(SWL)of 1.5℃ and 2℃(warmer than pre-industrial level),which is downscaled by Ec-EArtH3-Hr v3.1 with sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration as boundary conditions from IPSL-cM5-Lr(low spatial resolution,2.5°×1.5°)Earth system model(ESM).Important Findingscompared with baseline(1971-2005),the mean annual air temperature over chinese grasslands increased by 2.5℃ and 3.7℃ under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** increase in temperature in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the temperate grassland under both SWL1.5 and *** was also shown an increasing trend under SWL2 over most of the chinese *** increases in gross primary productivity(GPP)were simulated in the chinese grasslands,and the mean annual GPP(GPP_(MA))increased by 19.32%and 43.62%under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** c storage increased by 0.64 Pg c and 1.37 Pg c under SWL1.5 and SWL2 for 50 years *** GPP_(MA) was 0.67_(0.39)^(0.88)(0.82)(model mean_(min) ^(max) (this study)),0.85_(0.45)^(1.24)(0.97)and 0.94_(0.61)^(1.30)(1.17)Pg C year^(−1) under baseline,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by four cMIP5 ESMs(phase 5 of the coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Earth System Models).In contrast,the mean annual net biome productivity was−18.55_(−40.37)^(4.47)(−3.61),18.65_(−2.03)^(64.03)(10.29)and 24.15_(8.38)^(38.77)(24.93)Tg C year^(−1) under base-line,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by the four cMIP5 *** results indicated that the c

关键词： productivity carbon storage specific warming level grassland climate change

不同添加剂对铅冶炼污染石灰性土壤的修复及土壤性质的影响研究

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环境科学学报 2014年第6期34卷 1534-1540页

作者：邢维芹历琳 Kirk G.Scheckel Aaron r.betts 向国强兰欢李立平河南工业大学化学化工学院郑州450001 National risk Management research Laboratory U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45224 USA

探讨了污水处理厂脱水污泥、枯草和磷矿粉对受铅冶炼污染的石灰性土壤(全Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为2337、21.4、486 mg·kg-1,DTPA提取态Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为1035、14.5、68.7 mg·kg-1)中重金属的稳定效果及对土壤性质的影响.其中,污泥和... 详细信息

探讨了污水处理厂脱水污泥、枯草和磷矿粉对受铅冶炼污染的石灰性土壤(全Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为2337、21.4、486 mg·kg-1,DTPA提取态Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为1035、14.5、68.7 mg·kg-1)中重金属的稳定效果及对土壤性质的影响.其中,污泥和枯草均按200 g·kg-1(干重)的用量施用,磷矿粉按n(P)∶n(Pb)=2∶1比例施用,培养80 d.研究结果表明,单独施用污泥可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低18.0%(p<0.05),并可显著降低土壤pH,增加土壤氮、磷有效性和电导率、DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量,其中,DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量增加比例均达到10%以上.单独施用枯草可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低10.7%(p<0.05),土壤有机质含量增加26.4%(p<0.05),对土壤其它性状影响较小.磷矿粉单独施用时对土壤性质影响较小.与污泥单独施用相比,磷矿粉与污泥配合施用时,可使土壤DTPA-Cd含量降低11.9%.

关键词：石灰性土壤重金属冶炼污泥枯草磷矿粉

An Insight Into the Promise and Problems of Combining Life History and Grounded Theory research

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Chinese Business review 2013年第2期12卷 84-92页

作者： Bronwyn betts Anglia ruskin University Cambridge UK

This paper describes the research carried out in partial fulfilment of the degree of doctor of education. The study was qualitative in nature with a phenomenological interpretive paradigm dominating the philosophical approach. The research methods adopted combined life story and grounded theory. As far as the author has been able to determine there are very few, if any studies which have applied this approach specifically to this area of research which investigated the influence life history has on attitude to lifelong learning. Twenty five respondents were interviewed in face-to-face informal interviews. The main aim was to elicit the respondent＇s subjective interpretation of the interaction between school, family, work, and learning within their lives. The researcher was then able to identify when they occurred and what or who made them particularly meaningful. This paper describes how initial decisions were made regarding the substantive area for the research. Sampling technique and method for collecting the data is discussed and a worked example is given of how the data was analysed. It is intended that this paper will give an insight into the challenge of combining these two much debated methods of research. The empirical data lead to some interesting findings which educators and policy makers will find helpful in order to strengthen the school, college, and workplace interface.

关键词： life history grounded theory methodology family school leaming

Heavy-Ion Physics with the CMS detector at the LHC

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Heavy-Ion Physics with the CMS detector at the LHC