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Leaching of rare Earth elements from an Illinois basin coal source

Journal of rare Earths 2019年第3期37卷 312-321页

作者： X.Yang J.Werner r.q.honaker Department of Mining Engineering University of Kentucky

The existence of rare earth elements(rEEs) in coal sources at elevated concentrations has been the focus of several studies over the past decade. However, limited research has been conducted on methods to recover and refine the rEEs. This paper reports the results of a detailed study into the potential of selectively recovering rEEs in an Illinois basin coal source by leaching. Leaching characteristics are obtained for several segments obtained from a core sample as well as three different reject materials collected at a coal processing plant. Using a 1.2 mol/L sulfuric acid solution at 75 ℃,over 60% rEE recovery is achieved from the direct floor and an inner parting material as well as the coal-rich core segments that are pretreated by low-temperature plasma oxidation to obtain access to the microdispersed mineral matter. In the leachable parting material, fluorapatite is detected by XrD analysis,which is one of the more soluble phosphate minerals with a documented association with rEEs. For the three plant reject samples, the leaching recovery values obtained for the heavy rEEs are higher than those obtained for the light rEEs under the standard leaching conditions and when 0.1 mol/L(NH_4)_2SO_4 was used to extract rEEs by an ion exchange mechanism. Thermal activation by roasting or chemical activation by pretreatment using 8 mol/L NaOH solution increases the total rEE recovery with significantly higher gains obtained for the light rEEs. Leaching kinetics are relatively fast within the first 2 h and then slow to provide relatively low overall recovery values under the standard test conditions for the coarse and fine reject samples. However, significantly higher recovery values are realized when treating mixed-phase(middling) particles existing within the coarse reject material.

关键词： Leaching Coal Thermal activation Chemical activation rare earth elements

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Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily Choi Michael qJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

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Influencing mechanism of pre-existing nanoscale Al5Fe2 phase on Mg-Fe interface in friction stir spot welded Al-free ZK60-q235 joint

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第7期42卷 220-228页

作者： r.Z.Xu q.Yang D.r.Ni B.L.Xiao C.Z.Liu Z.Y.Ma Institute of Metal research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China College of Material Science and Engineering Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang110136China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign1304 W Green StUrbanaIL61801United States Fredrick Seitz Materials research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign104 S Goodwin AveUrbanaIL61801United States

Al-free ZK60 magnesium (Mg) alloy sheet was selected as substrate material of Mg-steel pinless friction stir spot welding (FSSW), avoiding the effect of the Al element in the substrate on the alloying reaction of Mg-iron (Fe) interface. The sound FSSW joint of ZK60 Mg alloy and q235 steel with a hot-dipped aluminum (Al)-containing zinc (Zn) coating was successfully realized. The detailed microstructural examinations proved that Al5Fe2 phase at the Mg-Fe interface came from the pre-existing Al5Fe2 phase in the coating and acted as the transition layer for promoting the metallurgical bonding of Mg and Fe. The interfaces with well-matched lattice sites among Fe, Al5Fe2 and Mg were formed during FSSW. A low energy interface with good match of lattice sites ((002)Al5Fe2//(110)Fe, [110]Al5Fe2//[113]Fe) between Al5Fe2 and Fe was identified. For the interface between Al5Fe2 and Mg, an orientation relationship of (622)Al5Fe2//(3112)Mgand[158]Al5Fe2//[2423]Mg was observed. The tensile-shear load of the ZK60-steel joint could reach 4.6 kN. Moreover, the joint fracture occurred at the interface between the Al5Fe2 layer and the Mg alloy substrate, suggesting the brittle fracture characteristic.

关键词： Dissimilar welding Friction stir spot welding Magnesium alloys Steels Zinc coating

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Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第3期14卷 390-400页

作者： David q Shih Stephan r Targan Cedars-Sinai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Los Angeles CA United States Department of Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases University of California Los Angeles CA United States Cedars-Sinai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Los Angeles CA United States

Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing immune mediated disorders that results from an aberrant response to gut luminal antigen in genetically susceptible host. The adaptive immune response that is then triggered was widely considered to be a T-helper-1 mediated condition in Crohn＇s disease and T-helpero2 mediated condition in ulcerative colitis. recent studies in animal models, genome wide association, and basic science has provided important insights in in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, one of which was the characterization of the interleukin-23/Th-17 axis.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Innate andadaptive immune system

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Multi-scale simulation of columnar-to-equiaxed transition during laser selective melting of rare earth magnesium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第24期119卷 11-24页

作者： W.L.Wang W.q.Liu X.Yang r.r.Xu q.Y.Dai School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

A model of coupling macro finite volume method(FVM) and cellular automata(CA) is proposed in this paper to explore the columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET) during selective laser melting(SLM) of rare earth magnesium *** into account the impact of recoil pressure and Marangoni convection on the molten pool temperature field,the grain structure is *** suggested by the simulation results,with the undissolved Zr serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites,the liquid undercooled layer under the combined action of forced cooling,the temperature gradient and the liquid solute concentration gradient leads to *** considering the dissolution of Zr in magnesium matrix,the results demonstrate that the dissolution of element Zr is effective in significantly inhibiting the growth of columnar crystals and ensuring the sufficient constitutional supercooling(CS) required for *** addition,to raise the preheating temperature contributes to enhancing the outcome of nucleation and incresing the grain *** the interdependence model(IM),with the cooling rate gradually increasing in the SLM process of magnesium alloy,the nucleation-free zone(NFZ) reduces by decreasing the solute diffusion layer in the front of the solid/liquid(SL) interface and the temperature *** reduction in temperature gradient can promote undercooling for nucleation and facilitate the development of equiaxed *** simulation results are qualitatively verified as highly consistent through experimentation.

关键词： Multi-scale simulation Columnar-to-equiaxed transition Selective laser melting rare earth magnesium alloy Constitutional supercooling

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Probing the Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with the cosmological constant caused by Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics using quasinormal modes and greybody bounds

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 102-119页

作者： S r Wu B q Wang Z W Long College of Physics Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang 550025China

In this work,we investigate a static and spherically symmetric Bardeen-Kiselev black hole(BH)with the cosmological constant,which is a solution of the Einstein-non-linear Maxwell field *** compute the quasinormal frequencies for the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant due to electromagnetic and gravitational *** varying the BH parameters,we discuss the behavior of both real and imaginary parts of the BH quasinormal frequencies and compare these frequencies with the reissner-Nordström-de Sitter BH surrounded by quintessence(rN-dSq).Interestingly,it is shown that the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the rN-dSq under electromagnetic perturbations are different when the charge parameter q,the state parameter w and the normalization factor c are varied;however,for the gravitational perturbations,the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the rN-dSq are different only when the charge parameter q is ***,compared with the gravitational perturbations,the electromagnetic perturbations can be used to understand nonlinear and linear electromagnetic fields in curved spacetime *** interesting observation is that,due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence,the electromagnetic perturbations around the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant damps faster and oscillates slowly;for the gravitational perturbations,the quasinormal mode decays slowly and oscillates *** also study the reflection and transmission coefficients along with the absorption cross section in the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant;it is shown that the transmission coefficients will increase due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence.

关键词： quasinormal modes greybody factors Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with cosmological constant

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SUBCONVErGENCE OF FINITE ELEMENTS AND A SELF-ADAPTIVE ALGOrITHM

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1996年第4期14卷 336-344页

作者： Zhu q D Lin q 南京大学数力系江苏南京中科院系统科学所北京

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Variation Patterns of NLr Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana Genomes

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Plant Communications 2020年第4期1卷 129-143页

作者： rachelle r.q.Lee Eunyoung Chae Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore 117558Singapore

The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat(NLr)gene family is highly expanded in the plant lineage with extensive sequence and structure *** survey the landscape of NLr expansion,we mined the published long-read data generated by the resistance gene enrichment sequencing of 64 diverse Arabidopsis thaliana *** found that the hot spots of massive multi-gene NLr cluster expansion did not typically span the whole cluster;instead,they were restricted to a handful of,or only one,dominant radiation(s).All sequences in such a radiation were distinct from other genes in the cluster but not from each other in the clade,making it difficult to assign trustworthy reference-based orthologies when multiple reference genes were present in the ***,NLr genes can be broadly divided into two types:radiating or high-fidelity,where high-fidelity genes are well conserved and well separated from other clades.A similar distinction could be made for NLr clusters,depending on whether cluster size was determined primarily by extensive radiation or the presence of numerous high-fidelity *** also identified groups of well-conserved NLr clades that were missing from the Columbia-0 reference *** suggests that the classification of NLrs using gene IDs from a single reference accession can rarely capture all major paralogs in a cluster accurately and representatively and that a referenceagnostic perspective is required to properly characterize these additional ***,we present a quantitative visualization method for differentiating these situations in a given clade of interest.

关键词： NLr cluster evolution phylogenetics disease resistance plant immunity

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Oxygen and Nitrogen Effects on MC Carbide in K465 Nickel-Base Superalloy

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稀有金属材料与工程 2009年第A3期38卷 13-16页

作者： Wang L N Zheng q Sun X F Guan H r Hu Z q Institute of Metals research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110015 China

Effects of oxygen and nitrogen on MC carbide in nickel-base superalloy K465 were investigated, because neither of the two gas elements was found to decide MC carbide morphology monotonically. The morphology of MC carbide under alloy solidified in conventional investment casting condition was observed to transform from script-type to block-type with the total oxygen and nitrogen content (gas content) in samples rising up from 1.2×10-6 mol/g to 2.6×10-6 mol/g. The area fraction and composition of the MC carbide also varied with increase of gas content. However, the morphology of MC carbide kept to be script-type even when gas content was up to 3.4×10-6 mol/g in samples solidified with a much higher cooling rate. These results indicate that effects of gas content on formation of MC carbide can be observed in specimens solidified with low cooling rate, but such changes in MC carbide cannot be found when the cooling rate is high.

关键词：氧碳化物氮含量物理性能碳化物

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SIMULATION OF THE STOCHASTIC DAMAGE EVOLUTION PrOCESS UNDEr LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 1996年第3期9卷 274-281页

作者： Huang, ZZ Gao, q Dai, ZY qian, r SW JIAOTONG UNIV INST APPL MECHCHENGDU 610031PEOPLES R CHINA

A numerical simulation of stochastic damage evolution process in the condition of low cycle fatigue loading is discussed. The relations between damage variables and micro-cracks are obtained by means of the micro-mechanics model of the representative volume element proposed by Lemaitre and Dufailly([10]). The stochastic Initial damage values are introduced in consideration of the inherent micro-defects In materials. The model combined with a finite element method is applied to simulate the damage evolution process under low cycle fatigue loading. The micro-cracks on the sur face of a specimen of 19Mn6 alloy steel are measured with a replica technique. The numerical results show that the nonhomogeneity of damage and the localization of the fatigue failure are well shown by the proposed simulations, and the fatigue lives are reasonably predicted.

关键词： stochastic damage micro-mechanics model low cycle fatigue numerical simulation

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