The changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and related genes expression of tomato seedlings were evaluated under hypoxia stress with different levels of Mn2+. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PO...
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The changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and related genes expression of tomato seedlings were evaluated under hypoxia stress with different levels of Mn2+. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxide (APX), glutathione reductase (Gr), catalase (CAT), the contents of H2O2, ascorbic (AsA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied to investigate how active oxygen damaged the membrane lipid under hypoxia stress. With 10-200 μmol?L-1 Mn2+, the activities of SOD, POD, APX, Gr and the contents of H2O2, AsA, MDA of leaves and roots increased significantly, which indicated that low Mn2+ could eliminate the active oxygen and protect the membrane lipid from hurt. But the activities of catalase (CAT) decreased evidently in the root. When the concentration of Mn2+ reached 400-600 μmol?L-1 under hypoxia stress, the activities of SOD, POD, APX, Gr and ASA content decreased remarkably. However, the contents of H2O2 and MDA increased contrarily. A series of resistance genes level achieved peak value with 10 μmol?L-1 Mn2+. The expression level of SOD, CAT, APX, POD, Gr were 6.28, 2.19, 5.66, 5.21 and 6.79 times compared to control respectively. These results illustrated appropriate amount of Mn2+ could reduce the damage of active oxygen under hypoxia stress, but reversely, high level of Mn2+ just aggravated the already serious damage to the tomato seedlings.
Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patien...
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Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the *** of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and *** approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
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