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Cutting the Gordian knot： Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 237-252页

作者： Moira J. VAN STAADEN Adam r. smith Department of Biological Sciences and jp Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind & Behavior Bowling Green State University OH 43403 USA Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of Malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resuited in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in Malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally .

关键词： Cichlid Motivation Intraspecific variability Mate preference Multimodal

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日新月异的吉朗市

技术经济与管理研究 1996年第6期 23-24页

作者： Cr．Gerry smith jp,朱关鑫,李富明

Fire Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabric: Development of Piperazine Derivatives Containing Phosphorous-Sulfur-Nitrogen and Their Flame retardant and Thermal Behaviors

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第11期5卷 789-802页

作者： Thach-Mien Nguyen SeChin Chang Brian Condon Jade smith United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans USA

recent studies have shown interest in flame retardants containing phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur a combination small molecule with a promising new approach in preparing an important class of flame retardant materials. Tetraethyl piperazine-1,4-diyldiphosphonate (TEPP) and O,O,O’,O’- tetramethyl piperazine-1,4-diyldiphosphonothioate (TMPT), based on Piperazine derivatives, were prepared successfully and their structures were proved by means of 1H, 13C and 31P NMr. Cotton twill fabric was treated with both compounds to provide different add-on levels. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), vertical and 45° flame test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were performed on the treated cotton fabrics and showed promising results. When the treated twill fabrics (5 wt% - 7 wt% add-ons) were tested using the vertical flammability test (ASTMD6413-11), we observed that the ignited fabrics self extinguished and left behind a streak of char. Limiting oxygen index (LOI, ASTM 2863-09) was utilized to determine the effectiveness of the flame retardant on the treated fabrics. LOI values increased from 18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen for untreated twill fabric to a maximum of 30 vol% for the highest add-on of twill. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Attenuated Total reflection-Infrared (ATr-Ir), and Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared (TGA-FTIr) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the chemical structure on the treated fabrics, as well as, the surface morphology of char areas of treated and untreated fabrics. Additionally, analysis of the release gas products by TGA-FTIr shows some distinctive detail in the degradation of the treated fabrics during the burning process.

关键词： Flame retardant Cotton Twill Fabric Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Sulfur Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared (TGA-FTIr) Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC)

基质金属蛋白酶9表达与人冠状动脉粥样硬化性斑块中的肺炎衣原体相关

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中国动脉硬化杂志 2005年第5期13卷 652-652页

作者： Arno G Kaski JC smith DA Akiyu jp Hughes SE Baboonian C 曾德星

表现为低水平C反应蛋白的临床活动性克罗恩病

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 57-58页

作者： Florin T.H.J. Paterson E.W.J. Fowler E.V. radford-smith G.L. 成虹 Mater Adult Hospital South BrisbaneQLD 4101Australia

*** interest in C-reactive protein(CrP)-a component of the innate immune system-has focused mainly on its worth as an indicator of disease *** has been a resurgence of interest in CrP in the Crohn’s disease(CD)literature because several trials of new treatments for active CD have been characterized by both a large proportion of patients with low CrP(ry to the trials and by a negative therapeutic *** is therefore of interest to study the clinical characteristics of patients who are thought to have at the same time both active CD and a low *** and *** were prospectively recruited as part of the Brisbane IBD clinical and research *** were included in the low CrP group only if there were complete datasets for CrP on all occasions of active CD,and CrP was *** low CrP group was compared with patients in the raised CrP group for a range of clinical variables as well as the major NOD2 *** were data sets for 223 CD patients,with a mean disease duration of 12 *** these,22 patients fulfilled the criteria for low *** low CrP group(group 1)showed significant differences for disease site(p r BMI(p = 0.006)compared to the raised CrP group(group 2).Specifically,group 1 had a predominance of pure ileal disease(95%versus 53%)and lack of pure colonic disease(0%versus 24%)compared to group 2,and their BMI was significantly lower(20.3 kg/m2 versus 25.0 kg/m2).Groups 1 and 2 did not differ with respect to Vienna behaviour at diagnosis,smoking,appendicectomy,extra-intestinal manifestations of CD,or NOD2 SNP *** was a trend for low CrP patients with previous ileal resection to evolve to a stricturing *** wrapping was noted in 11/13(85%)of low CrP patients undergoing ileal *** with CD and a persistently low CrP in the face of active disease were char

关键词：疾病活动性 C反应蛋白临床试验克罗恩病低水平 NOD2基因天然免疫系统治疗方法

BOTTOM BArYONS(B=-1)∧_b^0=udb,≡_b^0=usb,≡_b^-=dsb,Ω_b^-=ssb

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期38卷 1536-1543页

作者： K.A.Olive K.Agashe C.Amsler M.Antonelli J.-F.Arguin D.M.Asner H.Baer H.r.Band r.M.Barnett T.Basaglia C.W.Bauer J.J.Beatty V.I.Belousov J.Beringer G.Bernardi S.Bethke H.Bichsel O.Biebe E.Blucher S.Blusk G.Brooijmans O.Buchmueller V.Burkert M.A.Bychkov r.N.Cahn M.Carena A.Ceccucci A.Cerr D.Chakraborty M.-C.Chen r.S.Chivukula K.Copic G.Cowan O.Dahl G.D'Ambrosio T.Damour D.de Florian A.de Gouvea T.DeGrand P.de Jong G.Dissertor B.A.Dobrescu M.Doser M.Drees H.K.Dreiner D.A.Edwards S.Eidelman J.Erler V.V.Ezhela W.Fetscher B.D.Fields B.Foster A.Freitas T.K.Gaisser H.Gallagher L.Garren H.-J.Gerber G.Gerbier T.Gershon T.Gherghetta S.Golwala M.Goodman C.Grab A.V.Gritsan C.Grojean D.E.Groom M.Grnewald A.Gurtu T.Gutsche H.E.Haber K.Hagiwara C.Hanhart S.Hashimoto Y.Hayato K.G.Hayes M.Heffner B.Heltsley J.J.Hernandez-rey K.Hikasa A.Hocker J.Holder A.Holtkamp J.Huston J.D.Jackson K.F.Johnson T.Junk M.Kado D.Karlen U.F.Katz S.r.Klein E.Klempt r.V.Kowalewski F.Krauss M.Kreps B.Krusche Yu.V.Kuyanov Y.Kwon O.Lahav J.Laiho P.Langacker A.Liddle Z.Ligeti C.-J.Lin T.M.Liss L.Littenberg K.S.Lugovsky S.B.Lugovsky F.Maltoni T.Mannel A.V.Manohar W.J.Marciano A.D.Martin A.Masoni J.Matthews D.Milstead P.Molaro K.Monig F.Moortgat M.J.Mortonson H.Murayama K.Nakamura M.Narain P.Nason S.Navas M.Neubert P.Nevski Y.Nir L.Pape J.Parsons C.Patrignani J.A.Peacock M.Pennington S.T.Petcov Kavli IPMU A.Piepke A.Pomarol A.Quadt S.raby J.rademacker G.raffel B.N.ratcliff P.r.char.son A.ringwald S.roesler S.rolli A.romaniouk L.J.rosenberg J L.rosner G.rybka C.T.Sachrajda Y.Sakai G.P.Salam S.Sarkar F.Sauli O.Schneider K.Scholberg D.Scott V.Sharma S.r.Sharpe M.Silari T.Sjostrand P.Skands J.G.smith G.F.Smoot S.Spanier H.Spieler C.Spiering A.Stahl T.Stanev S.L.Stone T.Sumiyoshi M.J.Syphers F.Takahashi M.Tanabashi J.Terning L.Tiator M.Titov N.P.Tkachenko N.A.Tornqvist D.Tovey G.Valencia G.Venanzoni M.G.Vincter P.Vogel A.Vogt S.P.Wakely W.Walkowiak C.W.Walter D.r.Ward G.Weiglein D.H.Weinberg E.J.Weinberg M.White L.r.Wiencke C.G.Wohl L.Wolfenstein J.Womersley C.L. University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy116 Church St.S.E.MinneapolisMN 55455USA University of Maryland Department of PhysicsCollege ParkMD 20742-4111USA Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Universitat BernCH-3012 BernSwitzerland Lab.Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN CP 13via E.Fermi40I-00044 Frascati(Roma)Italy Departement de physique Universite de MontrealC.P.6128succ.centre-villeMontreal(Quebec) H3C 3J7Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA CErN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCH-1211 Geneve 23Switzerland Department of Physics The Ohio State University191 W.Woodruff Ave.ColumbusOH 43210 COMPAS Group Institute for High Energy PhysicsRU- 142284ProtvinoRussia LPNHE IN2P3-CNRS et Universites de Paris 6 et 7F-75252 ParisFrance Max-Planck-Institute of Physics 80805 MunichGermany Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Fakultdt für PhysikSchellingstr.4D-80799 MünchenGermany Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Department of Physics Columbia University538 W.120th StreetNew YorkNY10027 USA High Energy Physics Group Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegePrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2AZUK Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Ave.Newport NewsVA 23606USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaPO Box 400714CharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O.Box 500BataviaIL 60510USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637-1433USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SussexFalmerBrighton BN1 9QHUK Department o

In the quark model, a ∧b0 is an isospin-0 udb state. The lowest ∧b0 ought to have jp = 1/2＋. None of I, J, or P have actually been measured.

关键词： HBC b~0 dsb ssb BOTTOM BArYONS

BOTTOM,charMED MESONS(B=C=±1)B_c^+=c,B_c^-=cb,similarly for B_c~*'s

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第9期38卷 1239-1247页

I（jp） = 0（0-）I, J, P need confirmation.Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.

关键词： B=C HBC B BOTTOM,charMED MESONS B_c cb,similarly for B_c