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Poetry Translation Depends on the Translator’s Purpose:An Interview with Ian mason about Poetry Translation and Translation studies

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Comparative Literature:East & West 2011年第1期 146-154页

作者： Ian mason Heriot-Watt University

本文针对诗歌翻译及中西翻译研究的一些问题,对英国翻译研究学者伊恩·梅森进行了访谈。梅森教授据自己的研究角度,指出诗歌翻译取决于译者目的,同时对于诗歌翻译的未来表示了深切的担忧;对于西方翻译研究的成就与现状做了中肯而客观的... 详细信息

本文针对诗歌翻译及中西翻译研究的一些问题,对英国翻译研究学者伊恩·梅森进行了访谈。梅森教授据自己的研究角度,指出诗歌翻译取决于译者目的,同时对于诗歌翻译的未来表示了深切的担忧;对于西方翻译研究的成就与现状做了中肯而客观的评述。这次访谈既讨论了不同视角导致的对诗歌翻译的不同理解,也显示出西方学者对待学术问题的严谨与坦率。

关键词：诗歌翻译翻译研究访谈梅森研究角度不同视角西方学者学术问题译者英国

sand dunes as potential sources of dust in northern China

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science China Earth sciences 2016年第4期59卷 760-769页

作者： Mark r sWEENEY LU HuaYu CUI MengChun Joseph A mason FENG Han XU ZhiWei Department of Earth sciences University of South Dakota Laboratory of Earth surface Process and Environment School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Madison

While saltation bombardment of sand grains on a fine substrate can produce considerable dust, the well-sorted nature of sand dunes tends to preclude them from consideration as major dust sources. recent research, however, has revealed that sand dunes can, in some cases, be large sources of dust. We used the PI-sWErL(Portable In-situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure in the field the potential of sand dunes and other desert landforms to emit particulate matter st in the Tengger, Ulan Buh, and Mu Us deserts of northern China. Combined with high resolution particle size measurements of the dune sand, an assessment of sand dunes as a dust source can be made. Large active transverse dunes tend to contain little to no stored PM-10, yet they produce a low dust flux. Coppice dunes stabilized by vegetation contain appreciable PM-10 and have very high dust emission potential. There is a positive correlation between the amount of PM-10 stored in a dune and its potential dust flux. saltation liberates loose fines stored in dunes, making them very efficient dust emitters compared to landforms such as dry lake beds and washes where dust particles are unavailable for aeolian transport due to protective crusts or sediment cohesion. In cases where large dunes do not store PM-10 yet emit dust when active, two hypotheses can be considered:(1) iron-oxide grain coatings are removed during saltation, creating dust, and(2) sand grains collide during saltation, abrading grains to create dust. Observations reveal that iron oxide coatings are present on some dune sands. PI-sWErL data suggests that low dust fluxes from dunes containing no stored dust may represent an estimate for the amount of PM-10 dust produced by removal of iron oxide coatings. These results are similar to results from dunes in the United states. In addition, PI-sWErL results suggest that dust-bearing coppice dunes, which cover vast areas of China's sandy deserts, may become major sources of dust in the f

关键词： Coppice dunes Transverse dunes Dust PI-sWErL Desert

The Origin of spots in Contact Aureoles and Over-Heating of Country rock Next to a Dyke

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Journal of Earth science 2018年第5期29卷 1005-1009页

作者： roger mason rong Liu school of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences

Petrographic comparison of andalusite in the contact aureole of the Fangshan pluton, Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China, and hornfels in the aureole of the Markfield diorite, Leicestershire, Eng- land, shows that spots characteristic of the outer zones of contact metamorphic aureoles did not form during the progressive stage of contact metamorphism, but are pseudomorphs after earlier andalusite with characteristic chiastolite microstructure. The baked margin produced by contact metamorphism of syenite against a dyke in the Houshihushan ring complex, shanhaiguan, Hebei Province, China, is an unusual feature caused by the dyke＇s role as a feeder to a family of cone-sheets.

关键词： contact metamorphism contact aureole retrogression hornfels spots Zhoukoudian Houshihushan.

The role of genomic structural variation in the genetic improvement of polyploid crops

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The Crop Journal 2019年第2期7卷 127-140页

作者： sarah-Veronica schiessl Elvis Katche Elizabeth Ihien Harmeet singh Chawla Annaliese s.mason Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University

Many of our major crop species are polyploids, containing more than one genome or set of chromosomes. Polyploid crops present unique challenges, including difficulties in genome assembly, in discriminating between multiple gene and sequence copies, and in genetic mapping, hindering use of genomic data for genetics and breeding. Polyploid genomes may also be more prone to containing structural variation, such as loss of gene copies or sequences(presence–absence variation) and the presence of genes or sequences in multiple copies(copynumber variation). Although the two main types of genomic structural variation commonly identified are presence–absence variation and copy-number variation, we propose that homeologous exchanges constitute a third major form of genomic structural variation in polyploids. Homeologous exchanges involve the replacement of one genomic segment by a similar copy from another genome or ancestrally duplicated region, and are known to be extremely common in polyploids. Detecting all kinds of genomic structural variation is challenging, but recent advances such as optical mapping and long-read sequencing offer potential strategies to help identify structural variants even in complex polyploid genomes. All three major types of genomic structural variation(presence–absence, copy-number, and homeologous exchange) are now known to influence phenotypes in crop plants, with examples of flowering time, frost tolerance, and adaptive and agronomic traits. In this review,we summarize the challenges of genome analysis in polyploid crops, describe the various types of genomic structural variation and the genomics technologies and data that can be used to detect them, and collate information produced to date related to the impact of genomic structural variation on crop phenotypes. We highlight the importance of genomic structural variation for the future genetic improvement of polyploid crops.

关键词： Presence–absence variation Copy-number variation Homeologous exchanges Genome structure Pan-genome

Fertility,genome stability,and homozygosity in a diverse set of resynthesized rapeseed lines

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 468-477页

作者： Elizabeth Ihien Katche Antje schierholt Heiko C.Becker Jacqueline Batley Annaliese s.mason Plant Breeding Department The University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University35392 GiessenGermany Department of Crop sciences Division of Plant Breeding MethodologyGeorg-August University Göttingen37073 GöttingenGermany school of Biological sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

rapeseed(Brassica napus,AACC)was formed by hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa(AA)and Brassica oleracea(CC).As a result of a limited number of hybridization events between specific progenitor genotypes and strong breeding selection for oil quality traits,rapeseed has limited genetic *** production of resynthesized *** lines via interspecific hybridization of the diploid progenitor species *** and *** is one possible way to increase genetic variation in ***,most resynthesized lines produced so far have been reported to be meiotically unstable and infertile,in contrast to established *** *** hinders both maintenance and use of this germplasm in breeding *** characterized a large set of 140 resynthesized lines produced by crosses between *** and ***,as well as between *** and wild C genome species(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)for purity(homozygosity),fertility,and genome ***-pollinated seed set,seeds per ten pods as well as percentage pollen viability were used to estimate *** genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 116 genotypes,with at least three individuals per *** of the material which had been advanced through multiple generations was no longer pure,with heterozygosity detected corresponding to unknown parental contributions via *** and genome stability were both *** lines had high numbers of copy number variants(CNVs),indicative of meiotic instability,and high numbers of CNVs were significantly associated with reduced *** putatively stable resynthesized *** lines were *** investigation of these lines may reveal the mechanisms underlying this *** results suggest that selection of stable resynthesized lines for breeding purposes is possible.

关键词： Fertility Genome stability Copy number variants sNP genotyping resynthesized lines

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change

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science China Earth sciences 2008年第6期51卷 837-847页

作者： Joseph mason James sWINEHArT ronald GOBLE Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison school of Natural resources IANR University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Geosciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The dune system in Otindag sand field of northern China is sensitive to climate change, where effective moisture and related vegetation cover play a controlling role for dune activity and stability. Therefore, aeolian deposits may be an archive of past environmental changes, possibly at the millennial scale, but previous studies on this topic have rarely been reported. In this study, thirty-five optically stimulated luminescence (OsL) ages of ten representative sand-paleosol profiles in Otindag sand field are ob-tained, and these ages provide a relatively complete and well-dated chronology for wet and dry varia-tions in Holocene. The results indicate that widespread dune mobilization occurred from 9.9 to 8.2 ka, suggesting a dry early Holocene climate. The dunes were mainly stabilized between 8.0 and 2.7 ka, implying a relatively wet climate, although there were short-term penetrations of dune activity during this wet period. After ~2.3 ka, the region became dry again, as inferred from widespread dune activity. The '8.2 ka' cold event and the Little Ice Age climatic deterioration are detected on the basis of the dune records and OsL ages. During the Medieval Warm Period and the sui-Tang Warm Period (570-770 AD), climate in Otindag sand field was relatively humid and the vegetation was denser, and the sand dunes were stabilized again. These aeolian records may indicate climate changes at millennial time scale during Holocene, and these climatic changes may be the teleconnection to the climate changes elsewhere in the world.

关键词： Otindag sand field OsL dating Holocene drought dune

New Insights into Nested Long Terminal repeat retrotransposons in Brassica species

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 470-482页

作者： Lijuan Wei Meili Xiaoa Zeshan An Bi Ma Annaliese s. mason Wei Qian Jiana Li Donghui Fu Chongqing Engineering research Center for rapeseed College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China school of Agriculture and Food sciences and centre for Integrative I~egume-research The University of Queensland 1:he Universit'y of QueenslandBrisbane 4072 Australia Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education Agronomy College Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang330045 China

Long terminal repeat （LTr） retrotransposons, one of the foremost types of transposons, continually change or modify gene function and reorganize the genome through bursts of dramatic proliferation. Many LTr-TEs preferen-tially insert within other LTr-TEs, but the cause and evolutionary significance of these nested LTr-TEs are not well under-stood. In this study, a total of 1.52 Gb of Brassica sequence containing 2020 bacterial artificial chromosomes （BACs） was scanned, and six bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） clones with extremely nested LTr-TEs （LTr-TEs density： 7.24/kb） were selected for further analysis. The majority of the LTr-TEs in four of the six BACs were found to be derived from the rapid proliferation of retrotransposons originating within the BAC regions, with only a few LTr-TEs originating from the proliferation and insertion of retrotransposons from outside the BAC regions approximately 5-23 Mya. LTr-TEs also pref-erably inserted into TA-rich repeat regions. Gene prediction by Genescan identified 207 genes in the 0.84Mb of total BAC sequences. Only a few genes （3/207） could be matched to the Brassica expressed sequence tag （EsT） database, indicating that most genes were inactive after retrotransposon insertion. Five of the six BACs were putatively centromeric. Hence, nested LTr-TEs in centromere regions are rapidly duplicated, repeatedly inserted, and act to suppress activity of genes and to reshuffle the structure of the centromeric sequences. Our results suggest that LTr-TEs burst and proliferate on a local scale to create nested LTr-TE regions, and that these nested LTr-TEs play a role in the formation of centromeres.

关键词： LTr retrotransposons Brassica centromere retrotransposon-rich transposon burst.

Field scanner design for MUsTANG of the Green Bank Telescope

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第11期54卷 2091-2096页

作者： CHENG JingQuan LI Yang LI XinNan mason Brian National radio Astronomy Observatory Charlottesville 22903 USA Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology Nanjing 210042 China

MUsTANG (Multiplex sQUID TEs Array at Ninety GHz) is a bolometer camera for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) working at a frequency of 90 *** detector has a field of view of 40 *** cancel out random emission change from atmosphere and other sources,requires a fast scanning reflecting system with a few arcminute *** this paper,the aberrations of an off-axis system are *** condition for an optimized system is *** an optimized system,as additional image transfer mirrors are introduced,new aberrations of the off-axis system may be reintroduced,resulting in a limited field of *** this paper,different scanning mirror arrangements for the GBT system are analyzed through the ray tracing *** include using the subreflector as the scanning mirror,chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with an ellipse mirror,and chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with a pair of face-to-face paraboloid *** system analysis shows that chopping a flat mirror and using a well aligned pair of paraboloids can generate the required field of view for the MUsTANG detector system,while other systems all suffer from larger off-axis aberrations added by the system *** spot diagrams of the well aligned pair of paraboloids produced are only about one Airy disk size within a scanning angle of about 3 arcmin.

关键词： antenna optics off-axis linear astigmatism coma reflector scanner

Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India

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Journal of Forestry research 2018年第6期29卷 1675-1687页

作者： Dharmalingam Mohandass mason J.Campbell Priya Davidar root and soil Biology Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTaminadu 641046India Centre for Tropical Environmental and sustainability science(T.E.s.s.) College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLD 4870Australia Department of Ecology and Environmental sciences Pondicherry UniversityKalapetPondicherry 605014India

We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to reased significantly with increasing patch size, but the species richness and abundance of small, medium and larger trees(≥ 10 to respectively) did not. Overall, forest interior species richness and abundance increased significantly with increasing patch size but edge species richness did not. species richness and abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-demanding tree species also increased with increasing patch size. The abundance of zoochory dispersed tree species was significantly related to increasing patch size, but those dispersed by autochory did not display any clear relationship between patch size and species richness or *** findings suggest that with increasing forest patch area,tree compositional patterns may be driven by species specific shade-tolerance adaptations and dispersal *** responses in these traits by the plant community within the individual habitat zones of forest edge and interiors likely plays a major role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area.

关键词： Dispersal mode Forest fragments shade-tolerance species–area relationships Western Ghats