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环境科学学报 2004年第3期24卷 405-412页

作者：魏源送 r.t.van houten A.r.Borger D.H.Eikelboom 樊耀波雷开宇中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制技术研究室北京100085 荷兰应用科学研究院环境能源和过程创新研究所厦门大学生命科学院厦门361005

通过长达345d的中试规模试验,研究比较了蠕虫在膜生物反应器(MBr)和活性污泥法(CAS)的生长状况及其导致的污泥减量效果.CAS中的蠕虫生长状况明显优于MBr的蠕虫生长状况.MBr曝气池中平均蠕虫密度(10条·mg-1)远低于CAS曝气池中平均蠕虫密... 详细信息

通过长达345d的中试规模试验,研究比较了蠕虫在膜生物反应器(MBr)和活性污泥法(CAS)的生长状况及其导致的污泥减量效果.CAS中的蠕虫生长状况明显优于MBr的蠕虫生长状况.MBr曝气池中平均蠕虫密度(10条·mg-1)远低于CAS曝气池中平均蠕虫密度(71条·mg-1),并且CAS中蠕虫连续保持高密度(>30条·mg-1)生长达***中红斑瓢体虫和仙女虫交替成为优势蠕虫.蠕虫生长对MBr的污泥产率(0 40kg·kg-1)和污泥沉降性能(污泥沉降指数133mL·g-1)影响很小,但却能显著减少CAS的污泥产率(0 17kg·kg-1)和改善污泥沉降性能(污泥沉降指数为60mL·g-1).仙女虫比红斑瓢体虫能更大地减少污泥产量和更好地改善污泥沉降性能.蠕虫生长不影响MBr的COD去除率和出水水质,但却显著影响CAS的COD去除率和出水水质.

关键词：蠕虫膜生物反应器活性污泥法 CAS 生物处理技术水质温度

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Micron-gap spacers with ultrahigh thermal resistance and mechanical robustness for direct energy conversion Samuel

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 344-355页

作者： M.Nicaise Chen Lin Mohsen Azadi tara Bozorg-Grayeli Promise Adebayo-Ige Drew E.Lilley Yann Pfitzer Wujoon Cha Kyana van houten Nicholas A.Melosh roger t.Howe Jared W.Schwede Igor Bargatin Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Materials Science&Engineering Stanford UniversityStanford 94305 CAUSA Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Spark thermionics BerkeleyCA 94720USA Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

In thermionic energy converters,the absolute efficiency can be increased up to 40%if space-charge losses are eliminated by using a sub-10-μm gap between the *** practical way to achieve such small gaps over large device areas is to use a stiff and thermally insulating spacer between the two *** report on the design,fabrication and characterization of thin-film alumina-based spacers that provided robust 3–8μm gaps between planar substrates and had effective thermal conductivities less than those of *** spacers were fabricated on silicon molds and,after release,could be manually transferred onto any *** large-scale compression testing,they sustained compressive stresses of 0.4–4 MPa without ***,the thermal conductance was 10–30 mWcm^(−2)K^(−1)and,surprisingly,independent of film thickness(100–800 nm)and spacer *** explain this independence,we developed a model that includes the pressure-dependent conductance of locally distributed asperities and sparse contact points throughout the spacer structure,indicating that only 0.1–0.5%of the spacerelectrode interface was conducting *** spacers show remarkable functionality over multiple length scales,providing insulating micrometer gaps over centimeter areas using nanoscale *** innovations can be applied to other technologies requiring high thermal resistance in small spaces,such as thermophotovoltaic converters,insulation for spacecraft and cryogenic devices.

关键词： thermal resistance film

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