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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using tr.p.e Langmuir.p.obe and Faraday cup diagnostics

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plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI rohit shukla Archana SHArMA pulsed power and Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which pr.p.gates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CpG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** tr.p.e Langmuir.p.obe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean pr.p.gation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source tr.p.e Langmuir.p.obe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

Numerical Analysis of phase Change and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage in the Storage Tank of Solar Water Heating System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 408-421页

作者： SINGH Shailendra ANAND Abhishek shukla Amritanshu SHArMA Atul Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais Amethi229304India

This study evaluates the effectiveness of phase change materials(pCMs) inside a storage tank of warm water for solar water heating(SWH) system through the theoretical simulation based on the experimental model of *** et *** model is explained by five fundamental equations for the calculation of various parameters like the effectiveness of pCMs,the mass of hot water,total heat content,and duration of *** study simulated eleven pCMs to analyze their effectiveness like Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(SHpD),OM 37,N-Eicosane(NE),Lauric acid(LA),paraffin wax(pW),OM 48,paraffin wax C_(20-33)(pW-C20-33),Sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT),palmitic acid(pA),Myristic acid(MA),and Stearic acid(SA).Among all pCMs,the SHpD has found the highest value of effectiveness factor of ***,it is the most recommended pCM for the storage tank of the SWH *** study also includes the melt fraction analysis of all enumerated pCMs corresponding to container materials of stainless steel,glass,aluminum mixed,tin,aluminum,and *** melt fraction analysis is performed by making a coding program in the FOrTrAN programming *** the analysis,copper container material is found to have high melting rate for all pCMs so it is superior to other container materials.

关键词： theoretical model solar water heating system phase change material effectiveness factor melt fraction

Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： Vinayak Sharma Nillmani Sachin Kumar Gupta Kaushal Kumar shukla School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Jammu and KashmirIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Objective Tuberculosis(TB)is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related *** being treatable by antibiotics,tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated,especially in rural and low-resource *** X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis;however,this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack of radiologists in areas where the infection is most *** deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical *** the present work,we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images,with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)*** First,we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiogr.p.s taken from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital ***,we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung *** images were taken from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)TB portal program ***,we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal *** further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological *** For segmentation by the UNet model,we achieved accuracy,Jaccard index,Dice coefficient,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 96.35%,90.38%,94.88%,and 0.99,*** classification by the Xception model,we achieved classification accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and AUC values of 99.29%,99.30%,99.29%,99.29%,and 0.999,*** Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculos

关键词： Tuberculosis Artificial intelligence Deep learning Segmentation Classification Chest X-ray

Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tamaulipas state,Mexico:implication for.p.ovenance

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Journal of palaeogeogr.p.y 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： Mayank shukla Sanjeet K.Verma Mayla A.ramos-Vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin Karla r.Hernández-Martínez Sumit Mishra Vivek p.Malviya Héctor Hernández-Mendoza posgrado de la Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San José2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUnidad de ProcesosOceanicos y CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de México 04510Mexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoBoulevard Juriquilla 300176230JuriquillaQueretaroMexico Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar470002Madhya PradeshIndia Instituto de Investigacion de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autònoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200CP 78377San LuisS.L.P.Mexico Universidad del Centro de Mexico Capitán Caldera 75CP 78250San LuisS.L.P.Mexico

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La pesca(Lp)and Tesoro Altamira(TA)beach sediments,located in the Tamaulipas state,northern Gulf of *** main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach *** sediments are composed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase,calcite,orthoclase,microcline,and *** beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted,however Lp has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments,whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic *** chemical index of weathering(CIW’)indicates intense weathering in the source *** quartz grain microtextures in the Lp and TA are classified into mechanical,chemical,and mechanical/chemical *** features such as fractures,pits,percussion marks,abrasion fatigue,and V-shaped marks favor high-energy littoral,fluvial,subaqueous-marine,and aeolian *** chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth,which suggests a silica saturated marine *** mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine *** and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(MC),Sierra Madre Oriental(SMOr)and Oaxaquia *** major and trace element concentrations imply a passive margin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico,which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy provenance Tamaulipas Tectonic setting

Optimization of variables and assessment of in-vitro and in-vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of Eudragit rS nanoparticles containing simvastatin

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particuology 2024年第7期90卷 189-198页

作者： Bina Gidwani Vishal Jain Veenu Joshi ravindra Kumar.p.ndey Shiv Shankar shukla Amber Vyas Columbia Institute of pharmacy Raipur(C.G.)India University Institute of pharmacy Pt Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur(C.G.)India Center for Basic Science and research Pt Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur(C.G.)India

Simvastatin, a BCS class II drug, is associated with poor aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism and short half-life. In the present work, nanoparticles were pr.p.red and evaluated. Optimization of formulation and process parameters was done through the use of independent and dependent variables. preliminary studies were done to determine suitable range of the concentration of Eudragit polymer (10%–30%) and the ratio of drug to polymer (1:1 to 1:5) for the formation of nanoparticles by emulsification and a solvent evaporation technique. results revealed that the mean size of nanoparticles was affected by stirring speed from 5000 rpM, 8000 rpM, and 12000 rpM. The results of increase in association efficiency and percent yield with increase in amount of drug from 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg in selected range were observed. In-vitro release studies showed that two formulations possess highest initial burst and slow sustained drug release. There was 2.93-fold decrease in total cholesterol and 3.27-fold increases in triglyceride level during in-vivo study.

关键词： Simvastatin Eudragit rS 100 Nanoparticles Hyperlipidemia

role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 606-622页

作者： Ashwin Kumar shukla Komal Awasthi Kauser Usman Monisha Banerjee Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of LucknowLucknow 226007Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Medicine King Georges’Medical UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases(IAMGID)University of LucknowLucknow 226007Uttar PradeshIndia

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *** has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 ***-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney *** indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic *** the renin-angiotensin system(rAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 *** converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a *** ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies rAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and *** ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be ther.p.utically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 *** review explored the role of the rAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in *** treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 ther.p.,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.

关键词： Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin-II receptor blockers Complex diseases COVID-19 Type 2 diabetes

A review of physicochemical pr.p.rties of dissolved organic carbon and its impact over mountain glaciers

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 1-19页

作者： NIU Hewen CHEN Mengxue KANG Shichang shukla Tanuj QIN Huili GAO Wanni HUANG Shihai ZHANG Fu State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/National Field Science Observation and research Station of Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of politics and International relations Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China Dagu Glacier Scenic and Historic Interest Area Administration Luhua TownHeishui 615715China

Investigating the characteristics and transformation of water-soluble carbonaceous matter in the cryosphere regions is important for understanding biogeochemical process in the earth ***-soluble carbonaceous matter is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is soluble in aquatic *** its importance,we still lack systematic understanding for dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in several aspects including exact chemical composition and physical interactions with microorganisms,glacier *** review presents the chemical composition and physical pr.p.rties of glacier DOC deposited through anthr.p.genic emission,terrestrial,and biogenic *** present the molecular composition of DOC and its effect over snow albedo and associated radiative *** indicate that DOC in snow/ice is made up of aromatic protein-like species,fulvic acid-like materials,and humic acid-like ***-absorbing impurities in surface snow and glacier ice cause considerable albedo reduction and the associated radiative forcing is definitely ***-soluble carbonaceous matter dominated the carbon transport in the high-altitude glacial *** to prevailing global warming and projected increase in carbon emission,the glacial DOC is expected to release,which will have strong underlying impacts on cryosphere *** results of this work have profound implications for better understanding the carbon cycle in high altitude cryosphere regions.A new compilation of globally distributed work is required,including large-scale measurements of glacial DOC over high-altitude cryosphere regions,to overcome and address the scientific challenges to constrain climate impacts of light-absorbing impurities related processes in Earth system and climate models.

关键词： Mountain glaciers Dissolved organic carbon Molecular composition radiative forcing

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SArS-COV-2)infection of pneumocytes with vaccination and drug ther.p.:Mathematical analysis and optimal control

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第2期17卷 299-334页

作者： r.Viriyapong p.Inkhao Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Naresuan University Phitsanulok65000Thailand

We pr.p.se a mathematical model studying a within-host infection dynamics of SArSCoV-2 in *** model incorporates immune response,vaccination and antiviral *** crucial pr.p.rties of the model-the existence,positivity and boundary of solutions are *** points and the basic r.p.oduction number are *** stability of each equilibrium point is *** control is applied to the model by adding three control variables:vaccination,treatment by Favipiravir and treatment by *** results show that each individual control could reduce SArS-CoV-2 infection in some aspects;however,with a combination of three controls,we obtain the best results in reducing SArS-CoV-2 *** study has emphasized the importance of prevention by vaccine and the antiviral treatments.

关键词： SArS-CoV-2 vaccination drug ther.p. immune response optimal control

rescue from complications after.p.ncreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Elijah Dixon parul J shukla Shailesh V Shrikhande rahul r Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Neil W pearce Wesley Francis Shaneeta Johnson Johann Bujhawan Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGrOUND pancreaticoduodenectomy(pD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for *** ability to rescue patients from post-pD complications is as a recognized quality *** protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year *** To document the rate of rescue from post-pD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of *** A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major.p.st-pD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between January 1,2013 and June 30,***-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-pD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-pD *** Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent pDs at this *** complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their ***(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;p=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for.p.tients requiring *** low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major *** attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protoc

关键词： pancreas Complication rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality pancreaticoduodenectomy